高中英语-Unit-1-Great-Scientists-选做题同步检测-新人教版必修7.doc

第五课时　选 做 题
Ⅰ.短文改错
此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。如无错误，在答题卡相应的位置上画一个勾(√)；如有错误(每行只有一个错误)，则按下列情况改正：
此行多一个词：把多余的词写在答题卡相应的位置上，用斜线(﹨)划掉。
此行缺一个词：在答题卡相应的位置上写出该加的词，并附带前(后)词。
此行错一个词：在答题卡相应的位置上写出该错词和改正后的词。
注意：原行没有错的不用改。
The alarm was first gone off on the third floor. 1.________
People left the building hurriedly but in a orderly manner.
2.________
They came out carry their shopping bags and their parcels，
3.________
some not properly wrapped and some not even paid
4.________
Most passer­by waited in the street to watch.Many of the
5.________
shops and offices in the street had just closed.Mr Clement，
6.________
the officer in charge of，ordered all hoses(软管)
7.________
to turned to the roof of the main building. People were pushed
8.________
back from the area of their own safety. Seven officers
9.________
entered the basement or were driven back within minutes.
10.________
Hurriedly they put on their masks(防毒面具)，ready to try again.
答案：
1．was→had　go是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。was gone中gone是形容词，表示“不见了；走了”。
2．a→an　orderly是以元音音素开头的，所以用不定冠词an。
3．carry→carrying　carrying...是现在分词短语作谓语动词came out的伴随状语。
4．paid后加for　pay for表示“付钱买东西”。
5．passer­by→passers­by　由其前面的修饰语most可知，该处应该用名词复数形式。
6．√
7．去掉of　在 in charge of短语中of后应该接宾语，没有宾语应该去掉of。
8．turned前面加 be　hoses不能自己指向屋顶，必须由人操作，所以用不定式的被动式。
9．of→for　介词for常用来表示目的，for their own safety指“为了他们的自身安全”。of无此意。
10．or→but　这里表示意义上的转折，所以用but。
Ⅱ.阅读表达
阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到题后的横线上(请注意问题后的词数要求)。
[1]Medical research is leading American education officials to consider having high school classes start later in the morning. The research says that teenagers are more awake later at night than adults are. When staying up late at night, the teenagers have problems learning early in the morning.
[2]Researchers in the state of Rhode Island measured the amount of the hormone(荷尔蒙) melatonin(降黑素) in people's mouths at different times of the day. Melatonin causes people to feel sleepy.
[3]They found that melatonin levels rise later at night in teenagers than they do in children and adults. It remains at higher levels in teenagers later in the morning. They said this shows that teenagers have difficulty learning early in the morning. Yet most school systems in the United States begin high school classes at about seven o'clock.
[4]A few school districts have made some changes. In 1996, school officials in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start of classes from seven thirty to eight thirty. Two years later, the nearby city of Minneapolis did the same. Teachers there reported that students were no longer sleepy in class and were happier. Staying in school later in the day did not seem to be a problem for students who had jobs after school either.
[5]Health experts say that teenagers need between eight and nine hours of sleep a night. Students________ are likely to be late for school, fail to do their homework, fall asleep in class and have trouble taking part in class discussions.
[6]Some people, however, don't support a later start time because they say that it would limit the time for practicing sports after school. However, the Minnesota schools found that this did not hurt school sports competitions.
[7]More American school districts are discussing the possibility of changing high school start times. Researchers and teenagers say that they cannot make the change quickly enough.
1．What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 8 words.)
_______________________________________________________
2．Please fill in the blank in the fifth paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.(Please answer within 8 words.)
_______________________________________________________
3．Complete the following statement with proper words.(Please answer within 5 words)
If they go to bed very late at night, teenagers________early in the morning.
4．Do you think the change is necessary? Why? (Please answer within 15 words.)
_______________________________________________________
5．What does the word “this”(line 3, paragraph 6) probably refer to？(no more than 4words)
_______________________________________________________
答案：
1．High school classes start later？/Change high school start time
2．not getting enough sleep
3．will have difficulty/problem(s)(in)learning
4．It is necessary, because students can study full of energy in the whole morning.
5．a later start time
Ⅲ.任务型读写
阅读下列短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
At the beginning of the twentieth century, many people thought that the American family was falling apart. A century later, we know that this was not the case. However, although the family is still alive in the United States, its size and shape were very different from 100 years ago.
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, there were mainly two types of families in the United States: the extended and the nuclear. The extended family usually includes grandparents, parents, and children living under the same roof. The nuclear family consists of only parents and children.
Today there are many different kinds of families. Some people live in “traditional” families, that is, a stay­home mother, a working father, and their own biological children. Others live in two­paycheck families, single­parent families, adoptive or foster families, blended families (where men and women who were married before marry again and combine the children from previous marriages into the new families)，child less families, and so on.
What caused the structure of the family to change? In the early 1900s the birthrate began to fall and the divorce rate began to rise. Women were suddenly choosing to go to college and take jobs outside the home. In the 1930s and 1940s, many families faced serious financial, or money problems during the Great Depression, when many people lost their jobs. During World War Ⅱ(1939­1945)，5 million women were left alone to take care of their homes and their children. Because many men were at war, thousands of these “war widows” had to go to work outside their home.
During the next ten years, the situation changed. There were fewer divorces, and people married at a younger age and had more children than the previous generation. It was unusual for a mother to work outside the home during the years when her children were growing up. Families began leaving cities and moving into single­family homes in the suburbs. The traditional family seemed to be returning.
In the years between 1960s and 1990s, there were many important changes in the structure of the family. From the 1960s to the early 1970s, the divorce rate doubled and the birthrate fell by half. The number of single­parent families tripled, and the number of couples living together without being married doubled again. In fact, the single­parent household, once unusual, has replaced the “traditional” family as the typical family in the States. If we can judge from history, however, this will probably change again in the twenty­first century.

The Changes of the American Family
Main comparisons
Contexts
Different(1)________
There were two (2)________types of families in the past, (3)________， the extended and the nuclear.
Nowadays (4)________types of families can be seen than before.
Changes in different (5)________．

In the 1900s and 1940s
Many of the women had to work outside due to the (6)________of money, thus causing the fall of (7)________and the rise of divorce rate.
In the 1950s
Divorce rate slided and there were more children . The families tended to be (8)________ again.
In the years between 1960s and 1990s
Different types of familes(9)________. Traditional families are no longer the typical ones in America.
A trend worth noting
Author's opinion on changes
The present structure is (10)________； it will experience changes again in the near future.
答案：1.kinds/types　2.main　3.namely　4.more
5．periods　6.lack　7.birthrate　8.fewer　9.occurred
10．temporary
Ⅳ. 标题六选五
下面文章中有5处(第1～5题)需要添加小标题。请从以下选项(A、B、C、D、E和F)中选出符合各段意思的小标题，并在答题纸上将相应选项的标号涂黑。选项中有一项是多余选项。

A. Causes of overusing fluoride (氟化物)
B. Negative effects of fluoride
C. Safe use of fluoride
D. The expert's background information
E. No need to worry about fluoride poisoning
F. Solutions to improper use of fluoride
I have heard that fluoride can help stop dental decay, but I recently read that it is poisonous. Which of these is true? How can children use fluoride safely?
1．________________
This question is answered by Dr Marcia M. Rich who practises general dentistry in Newholt. She is also a lecturer at the University and a writer for the monthly magazine Your Dentist Cares.
2．________________
My answer to the first question is to stress that fluoride works well and is safe when users follow instructions. Young children have a tendency to swallow toothpaste, which is why they should only have a tiny amount of fluoride toothpaste on their toothbrush. If this simple measure is taken, parents can be confident that children will be protected against tooth decay, and come to no harm.
3．________________
Almost all medicines have a negative effect—or even be deadly—if they are not taken as directed. So you are right—fluoride can be poisonous if it is swallowed in very large quantities. It is for the reason that fluoride supplements can only be obtained on prescription from the doctor or dentist. Please be assured that fluoride overdoses are rare—in fact, I have never heard of any fatal incidents related to fluoride poisoning.
4．________________
Scientific studies have shown that fluoride can help to prevent cavities(牙洞) as long as it is used correctly. If fluoride is abused, there is a risk of illness or even deaths in extreme cases. If a deadly amount of fluoride is taken, immediate first­aid could save a life. A person who has swallowed a large amount of fluoride will probably start vomiting. If not, the patient should be given milk or antacid and taken to the nearest hospital for emergency treatment.
5．________________
Taking too much fluoride while teeth are growing can lead to a condition called dental fluorosis. The most likely cause is the swallowing of fluoride toothpastes by young children. It can also be caused by inappropriate use of fluoride drop or other fluoride supplements, for example when fluoride is already present in drinking water.
答案：1—5　DCEFA

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