透析中考英语语法动词、动词词组考点.doc

透析中考英语语法动词、动词词组考点【语法概说】【动词及动词词组命题趋势与预测】根据对动词和动词词组部分全国各省市中考试题的分析可知，今后该部分将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为：1、 动词和动词词组辨析。2、 常用动词于名词、副词、介词构成的短语动词的基本含义和引申义。【考点诠释】一、 对表示状态变化的系动词的考查 英语中常见的表示状态变化的系动词有 get ， turn ， turn out （结果是）， go ， come （成为）， fall ， become 等。 【考例】 The number of giant pandas is getting _ because their living areas are becoming farmlands. （年江苏盐城）A. less and less B. larger and larger C. smaller and smaller D. fewer and fewer【解析】 答案为C。句意为“大熊猫的数量越来越少因为他们的生存空间正逐渐变成农场”。本题中四个选项都是“比较级+ and + 比较级”的结构，表示“越来越”。主语为number，只能和large或small搭配。而结合句意可判断答案为C。-I am getting _each month. I cant put on my jeans. -Im afraid you have to take exercise every day. 河南省A. heavy B. heavier C. the heavier D. the heaviest答案B。解析本题考查形容词的比较级。根据句意要用比较级而heavy的比较级是heavier，故选B。【考例】The food in that restaurant _delicious，but it tastes bad 沈阳市A looks Bfeels C becomes Dgets答案A。解析从下句but it tastes bad，“但尝起来很差”，可推知选A：那家餐馆的食物看起来不错。 【考例】一What do you think of the music，Fred?一It _wonderful台州市Asmells B. looks Ctastes Dsounds答案D。 解析系动词的用法常见的系动词有四个“起来”(smell，look，taste，sound)，四个“变得”(turn，grow，become，get)以及feel，be等。音乐应该是“听起来”，其余三项不合句意。It is said that no one bought that kind of fruit一Thats trueIt tasted_.浙江Agood Bterrible Cwell Dterribly答案：B解析：根据第一个人说“据说没人买那种水果”可知，它尝起来不好吃。taste是连系动词，其后接形容词，故选B。一Do you know the final of mens singles will be played between Wang Liqin and Ma Lin?YesI felt _when I heard the _news. 黄冈Aexciting；excitedBexcited；excitingCexciting；exciting Dexcited；excited答案：B解析：当主语是人时，要用excited来修饰；用来修饰物时，要用exciting，故选B。Hi，mumHave you cooked fish for dinner? I can _it 河南Ataste B. smell Cfeel Dtouch55答案：B解析：由句意“妈妈，你做好鱼了吗?”故“我能闻到昧了”，应选B。【考例】Hi, mum. Have you cooked fish for dinner? I can _it. 河南省A. taste B. smell C. feel D. touch答案B。解析本题考查词义辨析。因为是问妈妈是否做了鱼，如果看到、尝到鱼了，就不会这么怀疑了。 smell是闻到的意思。二、对表示状态存在的系动词的考查 常见的有 be, seem, appear, look, feel, smell, sound, keep, taste, remain, prove, stay, lie （处于某种状态）， stand （处于某种状态）等。 【考例】Carl felt _because he won the first prize in the school singing competition. 安徽省A. interested B. proud C. angry D. worried答案B 。解析考查形容词词义。根据句意“获奖是值得高兴、自豪的事情”，应选proud。三、对动词的考查【考例】After they passed their exams, they _by having a party沈阳市A succeeded Bcelebrated Cprepared Dreceived答案B 。解析由于通过了考试，所以他们通过聚会的方式来庆祝，celebrate庆祝。I am sure that he is_ a lie. 广东省A. saying B. talking C. speaking D. telling答案D。解析本题考查四个“说”动词的区别say强调说话的内容；talk为不及物动词，意为“交谈”；speak后接某种语言时为及物动词，作“说话，发言”讲时为不及物动词；tell为及物动词，当“告诉，讲，说” 等，经常和story，lie等连用，构成“讲故事”、“说谎”等短语，故本题选D。How long does it _ you to wash all the dishes? 成都市A. take B. use C. spend答案A。解析本题考查词义辨析。“干某事用了某人多少时间” 用spend或take。而spend主语必须是人根据it takes sb some time to do sth结构可知应选A。 I visited many places including the History Museum last Saturday; When I_ at the hotel, it was very late. 太原市A. got B. reached C. arrived答案C。解析本题考查三个“到达”的用法。get后接地点名词时要加介词to；reach是及物动词，其后可以直接跟地点名词；arrive是不及物动词，后接地点是“小地方”时可与 at连用；后接地点是“大地方”时可与介词in连用。此题空格后有介词at，故应该选C。I am greatly interested in this painting. Something in it _the painters deep love for nature. 河南省A. expresses B. discusses C. expects D. imagines答案A。解析本题考查词义辨析。 express有“表达”的意思，符合本题的要求。In the 49 world Table Tennis Championship(锦标赛)，Wang Liqin_ Ma Linand _the champion(冠军)of the Mens Singles芜湖市Abeat; beat B. won；won C beat; won Dwon; beat答案C。解析考查易混词的辨析 动词beat后跟人或球队等，而win后则跟比赛、奖项等。9一why do Chinese people like red? Because they think it can _them good luck.浙江省Acarry B. bring C. make Dtake答案B。解析考查carry，take与bring的区别carry搬，携带；bring带来；make制作，使；take带走，由句意“因为他们认为它能给他们带来幸运”，故选bring。四、 对动词词组的考查动词短语是高考考查的一个热点，几乎每套题中都要设置2-3个考查动词短语的。从题设上看，主要有以下几种形式：1不同的动词，后面加上相同的小品词使用频率较高的这类动词有：call，cut，come，go，get，look，put，set，turn，take，pay，pick，make等。常见的介词或副词有：in，off，out，up，away，for，on，over，等。1）动词+away构成的短语有：throw away扔掉；put away把收拾好；give away捐赠，分发；carry away运走；runaway，潜逃；跑开；go away走开等。【考例】 2）动词+for构成的短语有：answer for负责；provide for供养；call for提倡，要求；plan for打算，为计划；hope for希望，期待；ask for请求，寻找；需要；send for派人去请；go for努力获取；pay for偿还，赔偿；wait for等待；look for寻找等。【考例】 3）动词+on构成的短语有：Try on试穿，试验；put on穿上，上演；have on穿着，戴着；pull on穿，戴；hold on不挂断，停止；carry on继续开展，坚持；keep on继续；go on继续；get on上(车、船)；come on赶快等。【考例】 4）动词+over构成的短语有：come over过来；hand over移交；go over仔细检查，复习；get over克服，恢复；look over检查；think over仔细考虑；take over接受，接管；turn over翻转等。【考例】 5）动词+up构成的短语有：bring up抚育，培养；call up召唤，打电话给；come up走进，上来；cut up切碎：fix up. 修理；give up放弃；go up上升，增长；grow up长大；look up尊敬；向上看；查寻；make up虚构；弥补，组成；put up举起，搭建；pick up捡起，(开车)接某人，偶然得到；set up建立，创(纪录)；send up发射；show up揭露，露面；turn up出现，把调高一点；take up占据，开始从事等。【考例】She has to _some of her hobbies because she has no time to spend on them. 太原市A. give up B. look up C. pick up答案A 。解析本题主要考查动词短语的用法。A项是“放弃”，B项是“抬头看；查询”，C项是“捡起”。根据后句意思：她没有时间花费在他们身上。推知空格处应选择“放弃”。临沂More and more foreigners want to _their companies in ChinaAopen up Blook up Cclean up Dpick up52答案：A解析：open up意为“成立”，look up意为“查找；cleanup意为“打扫于净；pick up意为“捡起”。用open up 最合适。故选A。6）动词+out构成的短语有： go out出去，熄灭；look out留神，当心；walk out走出；set out出发，开始：put out扑灭，生产；give out发出，发表；hand out分发；pick out挑选：find out找出，发现；speak out大声地说出；turn out生产，打扫；get out出去，离开；work out计算出，解决，锻炼；carry out实现，执行；bring out出版，start out出发，动身等。2同一个动词。后面加上不同的小品词(即介词或副词)： 常见的这些动词有：break，die，call，cut，come，get，go，look，put，set，turn，take，pay，pick，make等。1）break+介词副词的短语有：break down击败，摧毁；发生故障，(身体)垮掉；break out爆发；break through突破，突围；break off中断，突然停止；break up打碎；分解；驱散；break in打断；break into破门而人；break away突然离开；逃脱；脱离等。 2）bring+介词的短语有：bring about使发生；bring back拿回来，使恢复；bring down打倒，降低；bring in引进；bring out出版，生产；bring up培养，养育；bring over使相信，征服等。3）call+介词副词的短语有：call after以的名字命名；call back叫回，召回，使回忆起；call up征召入伍，给某人打电话，使想起；call on号召，拜访某人call in召集；call off取消等。4）come+介词副词的短语有：come in进来；come from；来自于；come about产生；come over过来：come out出来，出现；come by从旁经过；come up上来，走进；come across偶遇；come along发生，进步；come after跟着来；come back回来；come around恢复知觉；回来；come down下来，倒塌等。【考例】 5）cut+介词的短语有： cut in插嘴，插入；cut across抄近路；cut back减少；cut off切断；cut up切碎，cut away砍掉；cut down砍倒，削减等等；cut out切掉，裁剪出，停止；cut throug通过，穿过等。【考例】 6）get+介词副词的短语有：get about传播；走动；get through到达，做完，通过，度过，打通(电话)；get in进入，陷入；get on上车，进展，融洽相处；get off下车，下来；get across通过，被理解；get along进展，融洽相处；get away离开，脱身等。【考例】Dont _while the bus is moving，or you may hurt yourself and even someone outside07南通市Aget on B get up Cget off Dget in答案C。解析 句中提到了bus，上车是get on，下车是get off，确定答案在A与C中。再由后面的someone outside(外面的人)可知，这儿说的是下车。Wake up，NickIts time to_，or youll be late for school温州Aget up Bget backCget away Dget off答案：A解析：本题考查动词短语的用法。由题意“到了起床的时间了，尼克，否则你会迟到”，故选A。7）give+介词副词的短语有：give up放弃；give in屈服，投降；give away赠送，捐赠；泄漏；give over移交，交出，give off放出，发出，排出；give out分发，散发，放出(光，热)；give back归还等。【考例】 8）go+介词副词的短语有：go ahead着手，开始(做)，进行；go along 进展，前进；go around到处走动；顺便访问；go away离去，走开；go beyond超过；go by过去，流逝；go down下降；go up上升；go for喜欢；go off离开，停止；go over复习，温习；go through经历，穿过等。【考例】 9）1ook+介词副词的短语有：look after照顾，照料；look away把目光移开；1ook around环顾；look at看；look down朝下看；look for寻找；look into调查；look out当心；look through浏览，检查；等。【考例】-Excuse me, Mr Li, I dont know the meaning of the whole sentence. What shall I do? 成都市 -Youd better first _the new words.A. look for B. look up C. look through答案B。解析本题考查词义辨析。此处look up意为“查阅”(词典等)。look for寻找；look through浏览。Kate didnt go to the movie last night because she had to _her sick dog at home. 陕西省A. look at B. look up C. look for D. look after答案D。解析考查词组的的含义。 四个选项中A项表示“看”；B项表示“仰视”或“查找”；C项表示“寻找”；而根据句意，只有D项“照看”符合题意。10）take+介词/副词的短语有：The plane _at three oclock in the afternoon. 广东省A. takes off B. takes away C. takes out D. takes down答案A。解析本题考查四个动词短语的区别。 题意为“飞机在下午三点钟起飞”。故应选A。take off是同定搭配，意为“脱下；起飞”等；而take away是“带走，拿走”的意思；take out意为“取出，拿出”；take down是“写下，记下”之意。11)turn+介词副词的短有：turn aboutround(使)向后转，回头，转身；turn against(使)反对(某人)；turn away转过脸去，拒绝；turn back往回走；turn down调低，关小，拒绝；turn in上缴，上交；turn into(使)变成；turn off关掉；turn on打开；rum out熄灭，生产；turn to求助于，转向；turn up调高，到达，出现等。【考例】 11）put+介词副词的短语有：put aside把放在一边，积蓄；put back把放回原处；put down放下，镇压；put forward提出，建议；put in放进；put off迟，拖延；put on穿上，戴上，增加，上演，put out生产出，出版；put up举起，张贴等。【考例】After eight hours hard work，the firemen finally _the forest fire 07连云港市 Aput away Bput out Cput down Dput in答案B。解析本题考查词义辨析。 put away收起来放好；put out熄灭；put down放下；put in放进去。宾语为“森林大火”，所以用put out。12）begetbecome+过去分词形容词+介词的短语有：be dressed in穿着；be fond of爱好，喜爱；be lost in沉溺于；be located in位于；be addicted to沉溺于be used to习惯于；be curious about对好奇；be engaged in忙于，be glad to乐意；be convinced of确信，认识到；be aware of意识到；be worried about担心等。【考例】 13）动词+副词+介词的短语有： add up to合计达；break away from从脱离开；come up with想出；catch up with赶上；get down to开始认真地做某事；go in for参加，追求；keep away from远离；keep up with跟上；date back to追溯到；put up with忍受，容忍；run out of用完；watch out for当心；look down upon瞧不起；go ahead with开始，着手；go along with一起去，同意；hold on to坚持等。【考例】Though their parents work in faraway cities to make money，those“stay-home children can _themselves台州市 Alook out of B come up with Ctake care of D catch up with答案C。解析本题考查词义辨析。 look out of向外看；come up with想出take care of照顾catch up with赶上。句意为“虽然他们的父母在遥远的城市里工作赚钱，但那些留守的孩子能照顾好自己”。-Do you have this kind of MP4?-Sorry，we _yesterdayYou can come next week. 南宁市Awrote them down B. tried them on Ctook them off D sold them out答案D 。解析从问句可知是买MP4，所以答语为“对不起，昨天卖完了”。Write down写下来；try on试穿；take off脱下；sell out卖完。只有D项符合题意。3。动词不同，小品词也不同。【考例】Dont _people in trouble. Try to help them, 吉林省A. hear. from B. go over C. laugh at D. took like答案C 。解析联系上下句“不要嘲笑在麻烦中的人，要努力去帮助他们。”laugh at嘲笑，故选C。14 -Tom, its cold outside. _your coat when you go out. -OK, Morn. 安徽省A. Take off B. Take away C. Put away D. Put on答案D 。解析本题考查词义辨析。因为外面冷，所以出去的时候要“穿上”外衣。My parents and I like to _ outside after dinner. It is really relaxing. 太原市A. run off B. hang out C. dress up答案B。解析本题主要考查动词短语的意思。A项run off意为“逃跑，流掉”；B项hang out意为“闲逛”；C项dress up意为“盛装打扮”。根据后句It is really relaxing”推知空格处应填hang out。Lots of people in our city _ the old and they usually offer their seats to the old on buses. 河南省A. agree with B. worry about C. laugh at D. care for答案D。解析本题考查词义辨析。 由句中的offer their seats to the old 0n bus和现实生活中就知道是“关心”“爱护”。 They are going to _a hospital to help poor people07南充市Awrite down B. hand out Cset up答案C。解析本题考查词义辨析。只有set up(建立)能与宾语a hospital搭配，write down(写下)和hand out(分发)都不合适。The twins are talking about the book Who Moved My Cheese. Its fun to _them. 昆明市A. join B. join in C. take part in D. enter答案A。解析本题考查了四个动词(组)的辨析。 动词join多指加入某一组织；join in参加某个活动；take part in指参加某一活动，并在其中发挥作用；enter指进入某一地方或领域。由句意可知，这儿指加入到某一行列中，所以正确答案为A项。【语法回顾】1. 短语动词的分类ww.zk5u.ecom(1)动词介词常见的有look for, look after, ask for, laugh at, hear of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如：We often listen to the radio.我们坚持听收音机。Look at the picture.请看这幅画。She looks after our children她照料我们的孩子。 (2)动词副词常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in,等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：He always get up early.他总是起得很早。Dont forget to put on your coat.不要忘记穿上大衣。Please wake me up at five.请在五点钟叫醒我。(3)动词副词介词ww.zk5u.ecom常见的有 go on with, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：A doctor came up to me.医生走到我跟前。We must go on with the experiment.我们必须继续实验。 (4)动词名词介词常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：ww.zk5u.ecomPay attention to the teachers teaching. Dont talk to each other.注意听老师讲课，不要交谈。Her job is taking care of the patients.她的任务是照顾病人。(5)动词形容词 常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如：The prisoners were set free.犯人获释了。He cut it open.他把它割开了。（6）动词形容词 +介词ww.zk5u.ecomBe used to习惯于，be afraid of害怕，be different from不同于，be fond of喜欢，be angry with生气He wasnt used to hard work.他不习惯艰苦的工作。What are you afraid of? 你怕什么？American football is different from the ordinary football.美国足球不同于一般足球。(6)动词名词常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如：The May 4th Movement took place in 1919.五四运动发生于一九一九年。 I make friends with a lot of people.我和许多人交朋友。2. 短语动词的辨析ww.zk5u.ecom(1)be made in（在生产或制造），be made of(由组成或构成)(2)come down(下来;落)，come along(来；随同)，come to oneself(苏醒)，come true(实现)，come out(花开；发芽；出现；出来)，come over（过来；顺便来访），come in(进来)，come on(来吧；跟着来；赶快), come up with(找到；提出)(3)do ones best(尽最大努力), do well in(在干得好), do ones homework(做作业)，do some reading(阅读)(4)fall asleep(入睡)，fall behind(落在.后面)，fall off(从掉下)，fall down(到下；跌倒)(5)get down(下来；落下)，get on(上车)，get to(到达)，get up(起床)，get back(回来；取回)，get off(下来)，get on well with(与相处融洽)，get married(结婚)，get together(相聚)(6)give up(放弃)，givea hand(给与帮助)，give a concert(开音乐会)(7)go back(回去)，go on(继续)，go home(回家)，go to bed(睡觉)，go over(过一遍；仔细检查)，go out(外出；到外面)，go wrong(走错路)，go on doing(继续做某事)，go shopping(买东西)，go boating(去划船), go fishing(去钓鱼)，go hiking(去徒步旅行)，go skating(去滑冰)，go straight along(沿着一直往前走)(8)have a look(看一看), have a seat（坐下）, have supper（吃晚餐）, have a rest（休息）, have sports（进行体育活动）, have a cold（感冒）, have a cough（咳嗽）, have a good time（过得愉快）, have a headache（头痛），have a try(尝试；努力)(9)look for(寻找)，look out(留神; 注意)，look over(仔细检查)，look up(向上看；抬头看)，look after(照顾; 照看)，look at(看； 观看)，look like(看起来像)，look the same(看起来像)，(10)make friends(交朋友)，make phone calls(打电话)，make money(赚钱)，make the bed(整理床铺)，make a noise(吵闹)，make a faces(做鬼脸)，make ones way to(往走去)，make room for(给腾出地方)，make a decision(做出决定)，make a mistake(犯错误)，make up ones mind(下决心)(11)put on(上演；穿上；戴上)，put up(挂起；举起)，put down(把某物放下来)，put away(把某物收起来), put off(推迟)(12)take off(脱掉衣服)，take photos(照相)，take time(花费时间)，take out(取出)，take a seat(坐下)，take an active part in(积极参加)，take care of(照顾；照料；注意)，take exercise(做运动)，take ones place(坐某人的位置；代替某人的职务)，take turn(轮流)(13)talk about(谈话；交谈)，talk with(和交谈)(14)turn on(打开电灯，收音机，煤气，自来水等)，turn off(关上电灯，收音机，煤气，自来水等)，turn down(关小；调低)，turnover(把.翻过来)(15)think of(认为；想起)，think abou