新课标高中英语必修三教材知识点详解U4.doc

欢迎光临：大家论坛高中高考专区 教材优化全析中国的长城是建筑史上最长的人造建筑物。structure C（大的）建筑物，建造物。例如：The builders had put up a tall structure between the shops.建筑工人已经在商店之间建起一座高层建筑。The Parthenon is a magnificent structure.帕台农神庙是一座宏伟的建筑物。The model is an odd-looking structure of balls and rods.这个模型是由球和杆组成的结构，样子很神奇。2.Most of the Great Wall dates from the Ming Dynasty.长城大部分城墙的建造时间要追溯到明朝。dynastyC王朝；朝代。例如：during the Ming Dynasty 在明朝时期the fall of the Sui Dynasty and the rise of the Tang Dynasty隋朝的覆灭和唐朝的兴起3.At the time it was built，Chek Lap Kok（Chi Lajiao） Airport in Hong Kong was the biggest civil engineering project of all time.香港赤腊角机场在建造时，是有史以来最大的建筑工程项目。engineeringU工程，工程学；设计。例如：He is studying engineering at college.我正在大学学习工程学。the engineering of the new railway 新铁路的设计engineering college 工学院 engineering instructions 技术说明书engineering report 技术报告4.The terminal building is the largest covered space in the world.机场客运大楼是世界上最大的有盖建筑物。terminal adj.晚期的；末期的。C（火车、公共汽车等的）总站；航空终点站。例如：terminal stages of cancer 癌症晚期a terminal examination 期末考试Please get off at the terminal station.请在终点站下车。5.The airport is within five hours flying time of half the worlds population and is designed to accommodate 80 million passengers a year.全球半数人口居住地均在距离香港5小时航程以内，按设计机场乘客处理量每年8000多万人次。accommodate vt.容纳；提供住宿。例如：One flat can accommodate a family of five.一套单元房可容纳一个五口之家。He will accommodate me with the use of his house，while he is abroad.他在国外期间将把他的住宅供我使用。6. The Three Gorges Dam is the largest hydro-electric dam in the world，more than 1.5 kilometres wide across the Yangtze River，the worlds third longest river.三峡大坝是世界上的最大的水力发电大坝，它宽度达1.5公里，横跨世界上第三大河长江。hydro-electric adj.水力发电的。例如：a hydro-electric power plant 水力发电厂7. Its reservoir is more than 500 kilometres long.其水库有500多公里长。reservoir C水库，蓄水池；储藏，汇集。例如：This reservoir gives water to the whole city.这个水库供全城用水。The show is a veritable reservoir of new talent.这次演出真是新秀荟萃。思维拓展structureU构造；组织；结构。例如：the structure of the brain 脑的构造the firms management structure 公司的管理结构the structure of the detective stories 侦探小说的结构全析提示表示“朝代”的词之前一般要加上冠词。思维拓展civil engineering土木工程electrical engineering电气工程，电机工程field engineering外部工程;安装工程gene engineering基因工程genetic engineering遗传工程思维拓展termC期限；学期；术语terminally adv.每期，定期；在学期末尾；最后terminate v.使终止；使结束全析提示within five hours flying time of half the worlds population 离全球半数人口居住地不到5个小时的航程距离within 2 hours walk of the school 距学校不到两个小时的步行距离思维拓展hydro（前缀）表“水的、氢的”之意。例如：hydrofoilC水翼船hydrocarbonC碳氢化合物hydrogenU氢思维拓展artificial reservoir人工水库detention reservoir拦洪水库distributing reservoir配水池Reading and Vocabulary1.Mao Zedong wrote a poem in which he dreamed of “walls of stone to hold back clouds and rain till a smooth lake rises in the narrow gorges”.毛泽东写过一首诗，诗中有这样的梦想“截断巫山云雨，高峡出平湖”。dream v.做梦，梦见；梦想，想象。例如：I didnt dream last night.我昨晚没有做梦。I dreamt about my teacher last night.昨天夜里我梦见我的老师了。I dreamed that I was flying in the sky.我梦见我在空中飞翔。I dream of being the best footballer in the town.我梦想成为全城最好的足球队员。I dreamed a happy dream last night.我昨晚做了一个快乐的梦。narrow adj.狭窄的；狭小的；心胸狭窄的。例如：The sidewalk was so narrow that we had to walk in single file.人行道太狭窄，我们只好成一列纵队走。Its a narrow path.那是一条小径。hold back 阻止；抑制。例如：The villagers built banks of earth to hold back the flood waters.村民们筑起土坝，防止洪水泛滥。No one can hold back the wheel of history.谁也无法阻止历史车轮的前进。The boss was unable to hold back his anger any longer.老板再也抑制不住怒火了。2.Now his dream has come true.他的梦想现在实现了。come true（预言、梦想等）成为事实，实现。例如：His dream of being a doctor has come true.他当医生的愿望实现了。3.The power of the Yangtze River，which is the worlds third longest river，has been harnessed by the Three Gorges Dam.长江是世界第三大河流，其水力已被三峡大坝所拦截利用。powerU动力，电力；能力；权力。例如：electric power电力water power 水力atomic power 原子动力Carrying this baggage requires a lot of power.搬运这个行李需要很大的力气。This parrot has the power to imitate human words.这只鹦鹉有模仿人类语言的能力。Power should be used wisely.应明智运用权力。harness vt.利用（风、水等自然力）为动力。例如：They are trying to harness the river to make electricity.他们在努力利用河流发电。People have taken various measures to harness the sun as a source of energy.人们已经采取了各种各样的措施利用太阳作为能源。4.The Three Gorges Dam，which is the biggest construction project in China since the building of the Great Canal，has been built to control flooding and provide hydro-electric power for the central region of China.三峡大坝是自大运河开凿以来中国最大的建设工程，它的建造是为了控制洪水和向华中地区提供电力。constructionU建造，建设，构筑；C建筑物；建造物。例如：The construction of the dam took several years.建筑这座水坝花了许多年。The bridge is under construction.这座桥正在建造中。The new gallery is an unusual construction.那新美术馆是一个很特别的建筑物。5.It is the largest hydro-electric power station and dam in the world and has cost more than any other construction project in history.三峡大坝是世界上最大的大坝和水力发电站，其建造费用超过了历史上任何一个建筑工程的费用。hydro-electric power station 水力发电站in history 历史上6.Sun Yat-sen，who was the leader of the 1911 Revolution，first suggested the idea of a dam across the Yangtze River in 1919.1911年辛亥革命的领导人孙中山，于1919年首先提出了建造横跨长江大坝的设想。suggest vt.暗示，委婉地说；建议，提议（用虚拟语气）。例如：That girls sun-tanned face suggests excellent health.那个姑娘被晒黑了的脸表明她身体非常健康。Her expression suggested that she did well in the exam.她的表情表明她考得不错。He suggested that the meeting（should） be put off.他建议推迟会议时间。He suggested going out for a walk.他建议出去走走。7. In 1993，China used 1.2 billion tons of coal for heating and generating electricity.1993年，中国耗用了12亿吨煤来供热和发电。generate vt.使产生（电气、热等）；使发生。例如：Friction generates heat.摩擦生热。When coal burns，it generates heat.煤燃烧时，产生热量。8. The dam will generate electricity equal to about 40 million tons of coal without causing so much air pollution.大坝发出的电量等于燃烧大约四千万吨煤所发出的电量，而且也不会造成那么大的空气污染。equal to 等于，相同的；胜任的。例如：One li is equal to half a kilometre.一华里等于半公里。It is equal to me whether he comes or not.他来不来对我都一样。John is quite equal to the job of running the office.约翰很能胜任处理这个办事处的工作。He is equal to this task./He is equal to doing this task.他能胜任这项任务。9. The reservoir has flooded 2 cities，11 counties，140 towns and more than 4 000 villages.三峡库区淹没了两座市级城市、11个县城、140个乡镇、4000多个村子。flood v.淹没，浸水；（河流）泛滥。例如：Every spring the river floods the fields.每年春天河水都会泛滥，淹没农田。The river flooded the valley.河水淹没了河谷。Our cellar floods after heavy rain.我们的地下室在大雨后就泛滥成灾。10.The Three Gores area is one of the most beautiful areas of China and the project has flooded some of Chinas most famous historical sites，including the Qu Yuan Temple，the Han Watchtower and the Moya Cliff carvings.三峡地区是中国最美丽的景区之一，因此三峡工程淹没了一些最著名的历史遗迹，包括屈原庙、汉阙、摩崖石刻等。historical adj.历史的，历史上的，描述历史的。例如：She is engaged in historical research.她从事历史研究。This is a historical novel.这是一部历史小说。siteC（建筑物、事件等的）地点；现场，遗迹。例如：The great hall was built on the site of a Rome fort.大礼堂建在了古罗马城堡的遗址上。The site of the new hotel is by the sea.这座新旅馆的地基在海边。 The construction site of a new school was a hive of activity.在这所新学校的建筑工地上到处是一片繁忙紧张的景象。carvingC雕刻品，雕刻物；U 雕刻，雕刻术。例如：carving set 一套切肉刀叉carving fork切肉叉carving knife（餐桌上用的）切肉刀artistic carving雕刻工艺jade carving玉雕negative carving凹雕porcelain carving瓷雕shell carving贝雕11. About 800 historical relics have been submerged.有800多件历史遗迹为水所淹没。submerge v.把放入水中，沉入水中；淹没。例如：This is the wall submerged by flood water. 这就是被洪水淹没的墙。The child submerged all her toys in the bath.那孩子把所有的玩具都泡在浴盆里。The submarine submerged to avoid enemy ships.该潜艇潜入水下以躲避敌舰。relic C遗物，遗迹。例如：relics of ancient civilizations and beliefs古代文明、信仰的遗迹unearthed relics 出土文物12.Some of them are being removed and some are being put into museums.有些历史遗物正在被搬迁，还有些正在被送进博物馆。remove vt.使移动，使迁移。例如：The status was removed to another site.塑像已挪到另一个地方了。They were removed from the English class.他们已从英语班转走。The patient was removed from the private room to a ward.那病人从单人房移到大病房了。思维拓展dreamC梦；梦想。例如：I had a strange dream yesterday.我昨天做了一个怪梦。Sweet dreams! 晚安！She realized her dream of becoming an actress.她实现了当女演员的梦想。It has long been his dream to sail across the Pacific.横渡太平洋是他多年的梦想。全析提示narrow用于幅度的狭窄、细小，指房屋、土地等的面积狭小用small。例如：a mall room 狭窄的房子a narrow road狭窄的道路思维拓展Hold it!（电话）别挂断！hold on 继续；不要挂断（电话）hold on to 抓住hold out 伸出（手）hold up 拿起；举起全析提示come true中的come为连系动词，意思是“变成”。又如：come loose 变松散come right 变对，变好come cheap 变便宜全析提示本句中which引导的是非限制性定语从句。思维拓展beyond ones power（某人）力所不及的come into power 掌握政权，掌权in a persons power 在（人）的支配下的in power 握有政权的思维拓展harness n.马具；（降落伞等的）背带。例如：double harness（可套两匹牲口的）双挽具in harness（马）带着马具work in double harness 同心协力全析提示which引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The Three Gorges Dam。思维拓展constructional adj.建设性的；建筑的constructive adj.建设性的constructively adv.建设性地constructorC建设者全析提示注意本句中，第二个and连接两个谓语部分，前半部分为系表结构，后半部分为主谓结构。全析提示1911年发生的辛亥革命，推翻了清王朝的统治，结束了两千多年的封建帝制，建立了中华民国。全析提示suggestion（建议）的同位语或表语从句中的谓语动词同样用虚拟语气，即用动词原形或should加动词原形。例如：My suggestion was that we（should） go to the cinema together.我建议我们一起去看电影。思维拓展generationU产生，发生generative adj.具有生产力的，衍生的generatorC发电机 思维拓展equal vt.等于；比得上，与匹敌。例如：Two and two equals four.2加2等于4。None of us can equal her as a dancer.我们的舞艺没有一个能比得上她。He equals me in qualifications but not in experience.他和我具有同等的资格，但在经验方面比不上我。思维拓展floodC洪水；水灾；泛滥。例如：The flood swept away many homes.洪水冲走了许多人家。 The water nearly rose to flood level.水快涨到泛滥点了。思维拓展historical和historic：historical“有关历史的，历史的”。如： the historical period历史阶段；historical personage历史人物。historic“历史上有名的，有历史意义的”。如： historic town历史名城。a historic meeting 有历史意义的会议。思维拓展site vt.选定（建筑物等）的位置；设置。例如：a factory sited next to a railway line 设置在铁路沿线的工厂Is it safe to site the power station here?把发电厂建在这里安全吗？思维拓展carve v.刻，雕刻。例如：They carved their names on a tree trunk.他们将名字刻在树干上。carve a marble into a stutue 用大理石雕刻石雕像思维拓展submerge vt.覆盖，遮住（常用被动语态）。例如：He was submerged in debt.他负债累累。The main argument was submerged in a mass of tedious detail.大量单调乏味的细节掩盖了主要论点。全析提示句中be being done为现在进行时态的被动语态。如：Their new teaching building is being built now.他们的新教学楼正在建造之中。Writing全析提示1.I wanted to visit the house my grandparents lived in but I couldnt，because the village has disappeared.我本想参观我祖父母生活过的住房，却未能，因为那个村子消失了。disappear vi.消失，失踪，绝迹（无被动语态）。例如：That species disappeared in the Ice Age.那个物种早在冰河时期就绝迹了。The boy disappeared round the corner.男孩在拐弯处消失了。 The sun disappeared behind a cloud.太阳在云层后面消失了。The ships seem to have disappeared off the face of the earth.那些轮船似乎已经从地球表面消失了。2.When I came back，the bus I took was full of visitors from other parts of China.我回来时，所乘坐的车上坐满了来自全国各地的游客。be full of 满的，充满的。例如：The cup is full it is full of milk.这个杯子满了，装满了牛奶。Her eyes were full of tears.她的眼里充满泪水。That political statesman is full of ambition.那个政治家野心很大。He was full of himself.他自命不凡。3.It was strange to think that，when my grandparents lived in the village，there wasnt a reservoir there at all!我祖父母在村里生活时，那儿一座水库也没有，想到这些真感到不可思议！strange adj.奇怪的；奇特的；奇异的。例如：Its strange we havent heard from him.奇怪的是我们没有他的音信。It feels strange to be visiting the place again after all these years.时隔多年，旧地重访使人感到很新奇。4.Has the Three Gorges Dam affected the lives of people in your area or anyone you know?三峡大坝影响到了你们地区的人的生活还是你认识的人的生活？affect vt.影响，发生作用；（疾病）侵袭。例如：Does the amount of rain affect the growth of crops?降雨量会影响到作物的生长吗？The noise from the street affected our work.马路上的噪音影响我们工作。句中my grandparents lived in 作the house的定语。思维拓展appearanceC&U 消失，失踪。例如：The Three Gorges Dam has caused the disappearance of many towns and villages.三峡大坝的建造使得许多城镇和村子消失了。全析提示I took为定语从句，修饰the bus。思维拓展full moon 满月full house 客满，满座full age 成年full dress 礼服，全装full name 全名full time 专职，专任思维拓展strangely adv.奇妙地；奇怪地；不可思议地。例如：The house was strangely quiet.这所房子静得出奇。Strangely，Ive never spoken to him.真是不可思议，我从未与他说过话。思维拓展effectU&C影响，效果。例如：come into effect 开始生效，开始实施of no effect 无效的take effect 生效，奏效with effect 有效地Listening and Pronunciation1.the Grand Canal 大运河grand adj.雄伟的；豪华的；重大的。例如：We had a grand view of a sea of clouds when we climbed to the top of the mountain.当我们爬上了山巅时，我们看到了云海的壮观景象。We met a lot of grand people when we went to the palace.我们到宫廷去时，见到了许多达官贵人。We gathered the grand entrance.我们在（大建筑物的）正门整队集合。2.organise vt.组织，创办（=organize）。例如：They organized a climbing expedition to Mt.Everest.他们组成了一支爬珠穆朗玛峰的登山队。She organized medical reports.她整理病历表。He organized the truckers into a union.他把卡车司机组成工会。3.on a visit 在访问on用于表示动态，如正在从事某种活动或处于某种运动状态之中。又如：on business 出差on strike 在罢工on sale 在出售on show 在上映on watch 在站岗/放哨on fire 在着火on duty 在值班4.bring an end to 使终止。例如：They should bring an end to that ridiculous war.他们应该终止那场荒谬的战争了。I wonder how I can bring their dispute to an end.我不知道如何才能使他们停止纷争。思维拓展grand含有“大”的意思，但不仅仅是三维量值的大，而且指能够打动人的精神或者智力，甚至对美的感受等。比如：the Grand Canal中国运河，a grand orchestra 大型交响乐队，a grand piano 大钢琴。思维拓展organized adj.被组织化的，有组织的organizerC组织者organizationU组织，组织化；C团体，协会思维拓展in 多用于表示静态状况，如安全、危险、健康、涉及人的情绪等。例如：in trouble 陷入困境in danger 处于危险之中in order 有序in surprise 惊讶地in silence 默默地思维拓展come to an end 结束draw to an end 接近尾声be at an end 完毕make an end of 把终止Function and Everyday English1.enormous adj.非常大的，巨大的，庞大的。例如：an enormous tower 巨大的塔enormous profits 巨大的利益an enormous sum of money巨额资金a man of enormous strength力大无穷的人2.fascinating adj.迷人的，极美的，使人神魂颠倒的。例如：a fascinating love story 迷人的爱情故事a fascinating shop window display吸引人的商店橱窗陈列a fascinating voice 迷人的嗓音a fascinating glimpse 迷人的一瞥3.freezing adj.冰冻的，极冷的，凝固的，冷淡的。例如：a freezing machine 冷冻机freezing point 冰点，凝冻点a freezing glance 冷淡的一瞥freezing cold 极冷的4.delighted adj.欣喜的，快乐的。例如：The delighted audience demanded two encores.观众欣喜若狂，两度要求加演。a delighted look 高兴的神气/表情I was very much delighted with the results.我对这个结果感到非常满意。He was delighted to accept the invitation.他欣然接受邀请。She was delighted that he had returned safely.她很高兴他已安全归来。5.astonished adj.惊讶的，惊愕的。例如：He looked astonished.他一副惊愕的样子。I was astonished at/to hear the loud sound.我被那巨大的声响吓了一跳。We were astonished that he appeared at the party.他出现在宴会上，使我们感到惊讶。全析提示enormous不仅表示“块头”和“数量”方面的“大”，而且可以表示程度方面的“极大”。思维拓展fascinate vt.使着迷、神魂颠倒或极感兴趣fascinatingly adv.迷人fascinationU魅力；迷恋全析提示注意下列词义：cool 凉的；chilly 微冷的；cold 寒冷的；freezing 冰冷的。思维拓展区别delighted/delightful:delightful 是使别人高兴的意思，而delighted 是指本人高兴。例如：a delightful party 愉快的宴会The girl is delightful.那个女孩讨人喜欢。思维拓展astonishing adj.令人大为惊讶的。例如：His victory was really astonishing.他的胜利真叫人大为惊讶。Cultural Corner1.From the observatory at the top，on a clear day you can see five US states.从顶部的观测所，在晴朗的天气里可俯视到