提高英语阅读课堂教学有效性的三个关键点.docx

提高高中英语阅读课堂教学的三个关键点

广西南宁市南宁外国语学校 林万春

[内容摘要] 随着新课程改革浪潮的兴起，如何适应改革的要求，在新课程标准的指导下进行有效的阅读课教学，是英语教师应该认真思考的问题。本文结合教学实际，从教学准备的有效性、教学实施的有效性、教学评价的有效性以及教学反思的有效性四个方面，就如何提高高中英语阅读课堂教学的有效性进行初步探讨，以求更有效地运用阅读这一手段培养和提高学生的英语实际运用能力和交际能力。
[关键词] 有效教学准备 教学实施 教学评价 教学反思
《高中英语新课程标准》指出，“高中英语阅读教学的任务主要有两个：第一，对学生进行阅读技巧的训练，培养其阅读理解能力；第二，通过阅读教学，使学生不断获得新的语言知识，提高其实际运用英语的能力。”但在实际的教学过程中，教师总是发现在经过大量的阅读教学之后，学生的阅读水平依旧提高很慢，时间的投入与效果的产出不成正比。因此，教师们就需要考虑一个问题，即：如何提高高中英语阅读课堂教学的有效性。下面是我的点滴体会。
一、 有效教学的前提
教学准备的有效性是有效教学的前提。教学准备的好坏直接关系到课堂的教学效果。新课程标准要求教师是一个决策者、创造者，而不仅仅是教材的执行者，所以教师在教学准备时，必须明确教学目标和教学重难点，有效设计教学活动。
明确教学目标和教学重难点是有效教学准备的核心。以人教版高中英语选修⑦ Unit 2 Robots The First Period( Reading)的阅读文章为例，教师要确定教学目标和教学重难点如下：
1. Teaching goals教学目标
(1)Target language 目标语言
①重点词汇和短语
fiction, desire, satisfaction, absent, alarm, alarmed, smooth, embarrass, sympathy, elegant, pile, scan, fingernail, absurd, haircut, accompany, curtain, cushion, carpet, paint, awful，affair, firm, firmly, declare, victory, envy, marriage, test out, ring up, turn around, leave alone
②重点句型
She felt embarrassed and quickly told him to go.
Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot.
By the amused and surprised look on her face, Claire knew that Gladys thought she was having an affair.
(2)Ability goals能力目标
Help students to learn about robots and science fiction.
(3)Learning ability goals学能目标
Enable students to realize science fiction reflects scientific thought; a fiction of things-to-come based on things-on-hand.
2. Teaching important points教学重点
Enable students to grasp what Tony did to help Claire and how her emotion developed during Tony’s stay at her house. Help students to sum up characteristics of science fiction.
3. Teaching difficult points 教学难点
How Claire’s emotion developed during Tony’s stay at her house.
此外，教学活动的设计也是有效教学准备的另一个重点，其中的合作探究活动更应该成为课堂教学的主阵地。它可以引发学生对英语发展的一些思考，让学生大胆发挥想象力，畅所欲言，将课堂教学推向高潮，从而达到良好的效果。
所以，课前的教学准备是有效教学的先决条件，教师在教学实施之前，必须要认真解读教材，明确教学目标和重难点，有效地设计教学活动。
二、有效教学的实施
教学准备是基础，而教学实施则是课堂教学的灵魂，亦是有效教学的关键，在阅读教学中，教师可采用多媒体的方式帮助学生理清课文脉络，提取具体信息、组织信息、整理信息，并让学生发表见解，提高学生的阅读水平。例如：在学习人教版高中英选修⑦ Unit 2 Robots时，通过多媒体辅助，教师设计如下教学过程：
StepⅠ. Warming up
[Present photos of different kinds of robots. Then ask them to say something about his or her favorite robot. Ask students to discuss the questions in Pre-reading in groups. Students are encouraged to speak out their opinions freely, no matter what it is. Encourage students to use their imagination.]
T: Good morning, class!
Ss: Good morning, Mr. Jim Lin！
T: In this class we are going to learn about robots. Who would like to tell me what a robot is?
S1: A robot is a machine.
T: What kind of machine?
S2: A robot is a kind of machine that can do a variety of complex human tasks.
T: How can a robot perform human tasks?
S3: A robot is controlled by a computer.
T: You are right. Then we can give the definition of a robot like this: A robot is a machine designed to do jobs that are usually performed by humans. Robots are programmed and controlled by a computer. Now look at some pictures. Divide them into different types and decide your favorite one.
[A list of movies about robots: Short Circuit 2, The Iron Giant, Future world, Blade Runner, The Time Machine, Power Rangers Time Force ——The End of Time (2001)]
[Students’ own answers. All answers are correct.]
OK! In this class, let’s learn about Unit Two——Robots.
Step II. Skimming
Task one. Read the text quickly and complete its main idea.
The text is mainly about a robot, Tony, who not only helped Claire do ________ , but also helped her create a new ________ .
Task two. Finish the table
Characters
Who are they?
Larry Belmont

Claire

Tony

Gladys Claffern

Step III. Detailed reading
Task one. Read the text carefully and fill in the blanks.
Characteristics of Tony
● tall and handsome
● his 1. ________________ never changed
● 2. ________ hair
● a deep 3. ________
● soft and warm 4. ________
Things Tony did
● gave Claire a new 5. ________ and changed her makeup
● wrote out a(n) 6. ____ of items for Claire to buy
● spoke to the clerk in a(n) 7. ______________ to make him change his 8. ______● 9. _______ Claire to invite her friends to the house
● worked steadily on the improvements of the house
● succeeded in catching Claire when she fell off a ladder
● opened the curtains, 10. ________ Claire and expressed his feelings to her
Task two. Ask students to read the text carefully and then complete the table.
Occasion
Claire…
1. Before he arrived

2. When he arrived

3. When he offered to help her dress

4. When he offered to help her improve her house and herself

5. When he helped her with the salesman

6. When she fell off a ladder and caught by Tony

7. When she heard Gladys whispering to another woman that she had never seen anyone so handsome as Tony

8. She remembered Tony was just a machine

Task three. True or false
1. We can infer that when Claire first saw Tony, she felt alarmed by his cleverness. ( )
2. Claire bought the items from the shop because Tony wanted herself and the house changed. ( )
3. Tony opened the curtains to let other women see everything and envy Claire. ( )
4. As a result, the experiment shows Claire and Tony fell in love with each other. ( )
Task four: Read the story again, answer the following questions in groups.
1. Why did Tony open the curtains?
2. What did Tony do to prevent Claire from being harmed?
3. Why did Tony have to be rebuilt?
4. How would you feel if you had a robot like Tony in your house?
5. What sentences in the story show that she kept forgetting and then remembering that he was a machine?
Step IV. Post reading
Task One. In groups, list Tony’s characteristics that were similar to and those that were different from those of a human being.
Characteristics
Similar
Different
Physical

Mental

Task Two. Choose the best answer.
1. Why did Claire buy the items from the shops?
A. Because her husband was to return.
B. Because Tony was to leave.
C. Because Tony wanted to transform the house.
D. Because she thought she needed them
2. Why did Tony have to be rebuilt?
A. Because the company felt that they could not have women falling in love with a robot.
B. Claire prevented Tony from being harmed by making his feel good about himself.
C. Claire helped Tony make him and his home elegant so that he would not feel like a failure.
D. Tony wanted Claire’s guests to see him and Claire together so that he would be envied by the women guests.
3. What do we know from the text?
A. Tony was a typical machine.
B. Claire was envied by her guests in the end.
C. Tony was a gift from Claire’s husband.
D. Claire’s husband was not satisfied with Tony’s report.
Step V. Discussion
Can you make up an end for the story?
Step VI. Homework
1. Remember the characteristics of science fiction.
2. Surf the internet to learn more about robots and science fiction.
3. Surf the internet to learn about Isaac Asimov.
多媒体有利于培养学生搜集和处理信息的能力，并能激发学生的学习兴趣，提高学生自主学习的积极性，促使他们主动参与思考、讨论和其它相关活动，因此，多媒体有助于提高英语阅读课堂教学的有效性。
三、有效教学的评价
有效教学的评价是英语阅读课堂教学的重要组成部分之一，是有效构建课堂交互活动的重要保障。恰当的评价可以使学生深受鼓舞，从而产生巨大的学习动力。根据“新课程标准”的要求，教师在教学评价时要自始自终，要适时，要坚持公正、全面、科学的原则，坚持以正面表扬和激励为主的原则，鼓励学生主动参与课堂活动，要有益于保护并加强学生的学习兴趣，保护并提高学生学习的积极性，从而使课堂交互活动有序地开展和进行。同时，教师的评价语言要丰富多彩，方式要多样，可以用表情、手势和眼神等来代表语言。当学生表现较好时，教师可以用以下评语：I think you deserve the highest praise. /  You really did a good job. /  Your presentation is wonderful. 当学生活动不太顺利时，教师可以说：Don’t worry. I’m sure you will do better next time. / That’s better than I could do./ There’s nothing to feel discouraged about.  当学生缺乏参与活动的勇气时，教师应如此鼓励：Cheer up, boy!  /   We feel you should go ahead. /  You have our whole-hearted support.” 有效的教学评价能够让学生体验到学习成功的喜悦，从而更加激发他们的学习兴趣，形成一个良性循环。因此，注重教学评价的有效性也是提高高中英语阅读课堂教学有效性的不可或缺的一部分。
总之，阅读教学是整个高中英语教学的重中之重。新课程改革的浪潮已经兴起，如何适应改革的要求，在新课程标准的指导下进行有效的阅读课教学的尝试和探讨，是广大教师应该认真思考的问题。课堂教学是一门很深的学问，具有极强的艺术性。课堂教学有效性的提高，有待我们去实践，去创新，去积累，长此以往，聚沙成塔，必有收获。
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