1、 直接引语变间接引语 一、 人称变化 1. “一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化. 例如:Mom said: "I am going to watch films now." →Mom said that_she_____ was going to watch films __then___. 2. “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一
2、致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语,也可以用第一人称 . 例如; Mom said:"you are naughty" →Mom said that_I____ __was____ naughty. 3. “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化. 例如:Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good boy.” →Mr. Smith said Jack was a good boy. 二、 时态变化 如果主句为过去时态,直接引语于变为间接引语时,间接
3、引语的时态应相应地向前推一个时态。具体情况如下表所示: 直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去进行时 现在进行时 过去进行时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 过去完成进行时 现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时 三、 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化 直接引语变为间接引语时,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化如下表所示: 用词 引语 直接引语 间接引语
4、 指 示 代 词 this这个 These这些 that那个 those那些 时 间 状 语 now 现在 then那时 today今天 that day那天 tomorrow明天 the next day第二天 next day下周 the next week第二周 yesterday昨天 the day b
5、efore前一天 last night昨天夜里 the night before前一天夜里 ago(至今)以前 before(那时)以前 地点状语 here这里 there那里 方向性动词 Come来 go 去 【注】有时直接引语变间接引语就在原来的地方,或就在说话的当天转述,就不必改变时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。 如:He said,“It will rain here tomorrow .”他说;“明天这里将
6、会下雨。” →He said that it will rain here tomorrow. 他说明天这里将会下雨。(即在当天当地转述) 四、 句型变化 1. 陈述句 直接引语改为陈述句时,转化为间接引语应用that 引导,也可省略that;主句动词主要用say, tell, repeat , reply, explain, announce. declare, think等。 例如:His mother said to him.“You’ll catch a bad cold .”他妈妈对他说:“你会患重感冒的。” →His mother told him (t
7、hat) he would catch a bad cold. 他妈妈告诉他说你会患重感冒的。 2. 疑问句 ①一般疑问句和反义疑问句 直接引语为一般疑问句或反义疑问句时,转化为间接引语应用连词whether 或if 引导,原句中的谓语动词say 要改为ask(me/him/us等),语序用陈述句语序。 例如:She said ,“You are interested in English ,aren’t you?”她说:“你对英语感兴趣,对吧?” →She asked (me) whether /if I was interested in English.她问我是否对英语感兴
8、趣。 ②选择疑问句 直接引语为选择疑问句时,转化为间接引语应用whether......or...引导,而不用if...or...或either...or..引导。 例如:He asked her ,“Do you want to go there by air or by train?”他问她:“你想乘飞机还是想坐火车去那里?” →He asked her whether she wanted to go there by air or by train .他问她是想乘飞机还是想坐火车去那里。 ③特殊疑问句 直接引语为特殊疑问句时,转化为间接引语应将原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连
9、接词,主句的谓语动词用ask(sb)来表达,语序用陈述句语序 例如:“What are they doing ?”I asked George.” “他们在干什么?”我问乔治 →I asked George what they were doing .我问乔治他们在干什么。 ④含有请求、建议的疑问句 直接引语为包含请求、建议的疑问句时,转化为间接引语可以用ask sb. to do sth , suggest doing sth 或 advise sb. To do sth 等结构转述 例如:“Would you mind opening the door?”he asked.
10、他问:“打开门你介意吗?” →He asked me to open the door. 他让我开门。 【巧学妙记】 一二三四原则 直接引语为疑问句时, 将其变为间接引语要遵循 “一改、二换、三变化、四连词”的原则。 一改:改变语序 二换:换say 为ask
11、 三变化:人称、时态变化 四连词:直接引语为一般疑问句时, 间接引语中应用whether /if 引导 直接引语为特殊疑问句时, 间接引语仍用原来的疑问词引导。 3. 祈使句 直接引语为祈使句时,转化为间接引语应将祈使句的谓语动词变成不定式作宾语补足语,引述部分的动词say 须改为ask, tell, order, beg .warn
12、 , advise 等表示“祈使、命令”的动词;祈使句为否定句时需要在不定式钱加上not。有些表示建议的祈使句需要改成“suggest/advise that ...(should+)动词原形”结构。 例如:“Try again,Watson!”said Holmes.“再试一次,华生!”福尔摩斯说。 →Holmes told Watson to try again. 福尔摩斯让华生再试一次。 【巧学妙记】 一改二变三加四减 直接引语为祈使句变间接引语,
13、 要遵循“一改二变三加四减” 一改:say (to)改为ask, tell或order等 二变:say (to)的宾语或呼语变成为ask等的宾语 三加:在动词原形前加to,使其成为动词不定式 四减:减掉please 五、 时态不需要变化的情形 ①直接引语中有明确的过去时间状语 Jack said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980." →Jack said he w
14、as born on April 21, 1980. ②间接引语着眼于转述事实,而不侧重句中动作先于转述的动作 The little girl said ,“I found the dog around the shop,” →The little girl said that she found the dog around the shop. ③所转述的动作或状态在说话时仍在继续,且说话者对这一点加以强调 He told me, “I am helping my dad on the farm now.” →He told me that he is helping his
15、dad on the farm now. ④所转述的是自然现象,科学真理,名言警句,格言谚语等,且说话者对此加以强调 The teacher said "The earth moves around the sun .” → The teacher said me the earth moves around the sun earth. ⑤直接引语中包含when,while.since等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句,从句时态不变 The old man said ,“It is many years since I came to live here.” →The old ma
16、n said that it was many years since he came to live there. ⑥直接引语中含有某些没有过去式的情态动词 The student said ,“I must go home every weekend.” →The student said that he must go home every weekend. ⑦直接引语中的谓语动词是习惯性动词 He said, “I usually get up at six every morning。” → He said he usually gets up at six eve
17、ry morning。 ⑧直接引语中的状语“....days ago”是从说话时算起 Grandpa said,“I met her three days ago.” →Grandpa said that he met her there days ago. ⑨直接引语中动词所表示的动作或状态还没有发生 “I’ll come tomorrow,”the famous singer said. →The famous singer said that she’ll come tomorrow. ⑩当直接引语在动词insist,suggest,order,propose,demand等后,变间接引语时要用虚拟语气,即用“(should+)动词原形” The boss demanded,“Finish the job within a week !Mary.” →The boss demanded that Mary(should)finish the job within a week.






