英语写作四步曲.doc

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英语写作四步曲
凤鸣中学 秦桂枝
英语写作，是很多同学“谈虎色变”的“嗜人恶魔”，每年都有难以计数的“高考猛士”“惨死”在它的手下。如何有效提高自己的写作能力，在考试中脱颖而出呢？以下我谈谈提升高考英语写作得分的四步曲,与各位同仁共同探讨。我主要从单词、句法结构、句型、段落组织等四步来说。
　　第一步：单词
　　俗话说“巧妇难为无米之炊”。段落组成文章，句子构成段落，而句子的基本元素就是单词，所以写作过程中的词汇运用程度是体现一个考生语言运用能力的基本体现。积累词汇的运用能力，是新课改教学的重点目标之一。例如，我们在写作和生活中常要表达“我希望（想）你做……”，同学们很迅速地联想到基础词汇hope，造出“I hope you to do sth.”，可殊不知，这是个典型的错误表达。有的同学想到了want，这很不错，满足了正确的基本要求，但不够高级，体现不了高中学生应有的水平。在词汇学习中，我们会见到expect这个含义严谨的经典小词，用在此处真是再地道不过了。
　　第二步：符合逻辑的句法结构
　　搭积木，造房子，有了合适的积木块（词汇和短语），我们还得想办法合理组织排列有限的木块，才能架构起坚固结实的房子。放到写作中，就是要通过诸如基本的句法结构，句子的时态、语态等概念写出一个“生鲜活色”的符合逻辑的句子。 例如:“海南产香蕉”这句话。在教学的过程中，大部分同学会有这样的答案：Hainan plants banana.看到这个句子后，不禁“一声叹息”。
　　被动语态与名词复数在学生们的脑海中似乎很淡漠，常不会第一时间跳入脑际，其表达方式不遵从英语的表达或思维习惯，而总是按照中国人的表达方式或思维方式强行组成词句，致使在写作中错误百出，出现了大量的“中文式英语”。所以，地道而又符合逻辑的句法结构也是文章写作中的关键所在。
第三步：句型模板
描述人物时,同学们通常这样写，“I like …very much， beacuse……”。但这样平庸的句式，放到大家面前，你会给几分？何况严谨的考官。所以急需我们老师给学生们引进高档句型,如:
1．occur 替换 think of
Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house. →
An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.
It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.
2．devote替换spend
He spends all his spare time in reading. →He devotes all his spare time to reading.
3．average 替换ordinary
I’m an average ( ordinary ) student.
4．seat 替换sit
On his way to school, he found an old lady seated (sitting) by the road, looking worried.
5．on/upon替换as soon as（一……就）
As soon as he arrived, he began his research. →On his arrival, he began his research.
6．round the corner 替换 coming soon/ nearby
① The summer vacation is round the corner ( coming). Do you have any plans?
② Li Ming studies in a school round the corner (nearby).
7．suppose 替换should
He is supposed to ( should ) have driven more slowly.
8．contribute to替换 be helpful/useful
Plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study. →
Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study.
9．have a ball替换have a good time/ enjoy oneself
After visiting the workshop, we went back to school. Every one of us had a ball ( had a good time ).
10．cover替换walk
After covering (walking) 10 miles, we all felt tired.
11．be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to替换be interested in
He is caught up in ( very interested in ) collecting stamps.
12．be worn out替换 be tired / broken
① After five hours’ non-stop work, we were all worn out (tired).
② My shoes are worn out (broken). Please buy me a new pair.
13．contribute to替换 be helpful/useful
Plenty of memory work is helpful to English study. →
Plenty of memory work will contribute to English study.
14．be of + n. 替换adj.
The products are of high quality (very good ) and are sold everywhere in China.
15．be flooded with替换be filled with/be full of
① Schools with better reputations will be filleded with applications while poorer schools will be left high and dry. →
Schools with better reputations will be flooded with applications while poorer schools will be left high and dry.
②The bedroom is full of sunshine. → The bedroom is flooded with sunshine.
第四步：段落组织
　　词汇准备、句型结构、句子模板，这些都是要为文章段落服务的。有了漂亮的内容，还得“金玉其外”，有个得体的行文格式，这样才能“秀外慧中”。怎样安排120字（高考写作要求）文章的“外表”？段落是大家下手的关键。如果没有特别把握，建议大家可以选择“三段式，十句作文法”，当然百花齐放，找到自己的风格也很重要。实际上,我们可以尝试这样的课堂训练:用基本句型翻译下列各个句子, 然后要求学生合并成一篇语句通顺的短文.如：
1 爬山是一种很好的运动。(主系表) Climbing is a good sport.
2. 爬山有益于健康。(主系表) Climbing is beneficial to our health.
3. 今天我和同学去爬西山。(主谓) Some classmates and I went to climb the West Hill today.
4. 我们是乘出租去的。(主谓) We get there by taxi.
5. 我们大约在早上八点到达那里。(主谓) We got there at about 8 o’clock in the morning.
6. 有许多游客在爬山。(There be) There were lots of tourists climbing.
7. 我们很兴奋。(主系表) We were excited.
8. 我们一刻没耽搁就开始爬山。(主谓宾) We began to climb without any delay.
9. 我们的班长小明给了我很大帮助。（双宾语）Our monitor, Xiao Ming, offered me a lot of help.
10. 我是唯一的女孩。(主系表) I was the only girl.
11. 我们中午到达山顶。(主谓宾) We got to the top of the mountain at noon.
12. 我们虽然疲劳但很高兴。（主系表） We felt tired but happy.
13. 男孩子们让我跳舞。(主谓宾宾补) The boys asked me to dance to music.
14. 我的表演让他们忘记了疲劳。(主谓宾宾补) My performance made them forget their tiredness.
合并成文：
Climbing is a good sport, which is beneficial to our health.
Today some classmates and I went to climb the West Hill. When we got there by taxi at about 8 o’clock in the morning, there had been many tourists climbing. We were so excited that we began our climb without any delay, during which our monitor, Xiao Ming, offered me, the only girl, a lot of help.
After we got to the top at noon, tired but happy, the boys asked me to dance to music and my performance made them forget their tiredness.
　　奏好这四步曲，就会搞好英语写作，也就会提高高考英语写作的得分。总之，无论怎样条分缕析，无论怎样深入剖解，都敌不过学生的写作实践、课外的广泛阅读以及对优美的、经典的例句的搜集和背诵。另外，英语作文要写好，审题是前提，明确是关键，正确表达是中心环节。因此，要注意审题，弄清主题，抓住要点。正式写作之前，先拟一份草稿；短文写作完毕，要通读检查全文；看有无点子遗漏，文体是否得体，句子结构、词语搭配是否正确，时态、语态是否有错，书面是否整洁等。虽说书面表达难，但只要注意到以上几点，写出更具文采的文章，当是指日可待。
以上是本人关于英语写作的一些拙见，望各位共同探讨指正，谢谢大家！
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