英语句子成分讲解.doc

英语句子成分讲解
一、主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. (名词) He likes dancing. (代词)
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词)
To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)
二、谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English. He is asleep.
三、表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. (名词) Five and five is ten. (数词)
He is asleep. (形容词) His father is in. (副词)
The picture is on the wall. (介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. ” (不定式)
The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)
常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来)， look(看起来)， feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，
taste(尝、吃起来)， remain(保持，仍是)， feel(感觉) ….
It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.
The door remains open. Now I feel tired.
三、宾语：
1)动作的承受者——动宾
I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词)
How many do you need? We need two. (数词) We should help the old and the poor.
I enjoy working with you. (动名词) I hope to see you again. (不定式)
Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)
2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾
Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3) 双宾语——间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.
四、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor. (名词) We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名)
We will make them happy. (形容词) We found nobody in. (副词)
Please make yourself at home. (介词短语) Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)
Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词) I’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词)
五、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词) He is our friend. (代词)
We belong to the third world. (数词)
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)
The man over there is my old friend.(副词)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)
The boys playing football are in Cla2. (现在分词)
The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词)
I have an idea to do it well. (不定式)
You should do everything that I do. (定语从句)
六、状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pathe exam. He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：
1.Whether we’ll go depend on the weather .
2. People’s standards of living are going up steadily .
3. That was how they were defeated. 4.The nursery takes good care of our children .
5.I’ll return the book to you tomorrow . 6.We are sure that we shall succeed .
7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other .
8.There are many film that I’d like to see.
9.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ?
10.I have a lot of work to do . 11.    Anyway I won’t stop you from doing it .
12.    I said it in fun . 13.    We can send a car over to fetch you .
14.    She had to work standing up .
15.    Seeing this ,some comrades became very worried .
16.    Much interested , he agreed to give it a try .
17.    The bus arrived ten minutes late . 18.    We should serve the people heart and soul.
19. Spring coming on , the tree turned green . 20. Some farmers saw something strange in the sky .
21.    We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting .
22.    It’s strange that she doesn’t come today . 23.    It was in the library that I come today .
24.    He likes drawing at times when he isn’t working .
25.    We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.
26. Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian inventor and painter.
27. Yesterday Mike came to ask me for some advice on how to learn Chinese.
28. The young man was punished seriously because of his drunk- driving.
29. The tall man standing at the school gate is our head teacher.
30. Mary always makes her mother wash her clothes. What a shame!
31. Do you know why Tom is always making noise in class?
32. He didn’t come back until I finished my work.
33. They have learnt five English songs so far.
34. Is their classroom much bigger than ours?
35. Sarah was happy that her parents bought her an iPhone 4.
36.Here are your keys. But where are Wei Fang’s?
37 .The hotpot in the restaurants of Neijiang tastes very delicious.
38 ..Mike told me just now that John would visit me the next day.
39 .Nobody can make the man laugh because he is such a serious man.
40. The workers didn’t stop working until it began to rain.
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