语法There-be句型.doc

初中英语 “There be结构” 讲解
165中学
There be结构在中学英语的学习中占非常重要的地位,从初中到高中,这一用法一直在各个阶段中都有所体现. 因此There be句型是中学英语是很受重视的句型。对于这个句型的学习有几点破解的地方，需要学习者了解并掌握。
一、There be 结构的基本认识
1、含义：
表示某处有（指存在，而不是占有）某人或某物.
2、基本结构：
表示“存在有”,常用“There be+主语+状语”句型来表示。其中there是引导词,本身无词义;be为谓语动词,be后面的名词是真正的主语。Be 与后面的主语必须在单复数上保持一致。There be结构其实也是一种倒装句的具体运用。而状语则常由表示时间或地点的介词短语来表示.
3、具体表现形式：
+a /an +单数名词+时间/地点状语。
①There is {
+不可数名词+时间/地点状语。
②There are+可数名词复数+时间/地点状语。
4、拓展用法:
(1) There be + 主语 + doing sth.+ 介词短语. “某地有某人正在干…”
e.g.: There is a girl reading under the tree. 树下有个女孩正在读书。
(2) 就近原则的运用: There be句型中,当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时,be动词的单复数形式要与其紧跟后面的一项的名词单复数保持一致。
e.g.：①There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk.
书桌上有一支钢笔,两本书和许多铅笔.
②There are two boys, a girl and a dog in front of the house.
房屋的前面有两个男孩,一个女孩和一只狗.
(3) 在陈述句中为了强调地点或时间,也可将介词短语提置句首。
　 e.g.: In the tree there are five birds. 树上有五只鸟。
二、There be 结构的各种句型转换
1、变否定句:
There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be 动词的其它句型一样,在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同:not 是副词,no是形容词。如果句中有some ,一般要改为any。
句型:There be + not(any) (或 + no)+ 主语… 表示 “没有…”
e.g.: ① There are some pictures on the wall. （变成否定句）
There aren't any pictures on the wall. ( 或There are no pictures on the wall.)
② There is a bird in the tree.
There isn't a bird in the tree.（或There is no bird in the tree.）
2、变一般疑问句
There be句型的一般疑问句的变化是将be动词提到there前,首字母大写,句末用问号即可。其肯定答语是Yes, there is / are;否定答语为No, there isn't / aren't。
句型: Be +there +(any)+主语…?
e.g.:① There is some water in the glass. （变一般疑问句）
Is there any water in the glass?
Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t..
② There are twenty men in the club.（变一般疑问句）
Are there twenty men in the club?
Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.
3、变特殊疑问句
句型: 疑问词(+名词) +be + there + 其他 ?
e.g.: ① There are three bikes under the tree. →
How many bikes are there under the tree?
② There will be a lecture in our school tomorrow. →
When will there be a lecture in our school?
③ There is a wallet on the floor. →
What’s on the floor?
三、There be 结构的时态变化
There be 结构中的be 主要表现在以下不同的时态：
1、一般现在时：
There is a post office near the bank.. 银行附近有一家邮局.
There aren’t any good ways to the mountain. 没有好的通往那座山的路线
2、一般将来时：
There is going to be a meeting tonight. 今晚有个会议。
There will be many robots in the future. 未来将会有许多机器人。
There will be rain soon. 不久天就要下雨了
3、一般过去时：
There was a knock at the door. 有人敲过门。
There were two old bridges here many years ago. 许多年前这里有两座旧桥。
4、带有情态动词的There be句式：
There must be something wrong. 一定有问题。
四、There be 结构与have 的用法区别
There be与 have 都表示 “有”,但两者在用法和意义上都不同. have前须有主语,它讲的是“某人/某物拥有……”即指的是所有关系。而There be则是一种特殊结构,主语在be之后,意义上表示存在关系,它讲的是 “某地或某时有…”..
e.g.: There is a tree in front of the house. 房子前有一棵树。
　 I have an interesting book. 我有一本有趣的书。
there be句型专项练习
一、单项选择
( )1.-There a football match in our school tomorrow.
-How about watching it together?
A. are going to have B. is going to have C. is going to be
( )2.-How many days there in a week?
-There seven days
A. are, is B. are, are C. is, are
( )3.There a library before. But now there one.
A. isn’t, was B. wasn’t, was C. wasn’t, is
( )4.There two bowls of rice on the table.
A. are B. is C. have
( )5.-Are there any maps on the wall?
- .
A. There are some B. Yes, there are. C. Yes, there isn’t some.
( )6.There a bottle of orange juice and some apples on the table.
A. is B. aren’t C. has
( )7.There anything new in today’s newspaper.
A. isn’t B. aren’t C. hasn’t
( )8.There some milk and many snacks in the store.
A. is B. are C. am
( )9.There elephants in the zoo.
A. is an B. are any C. aren’t any
( )10. many erasers in the box?
A. Are there B. Is there C. Have there
( )11.There in the next room.
A. is some boys B. are some boys C. are any boys
( )12.There some milk, some eggs and a few apples on the table.
A. is B. are C. has
( )13.There a pair of jeans on the bed.
A. be B. is C. are
( )14.-What did you see in the basket then?
-There a bottle of water and some bread.
A. was B. were C .had
( )15. there books on the shelf?
A. Are; a B. Have; some C. Are; any
( )16. is there on the table?
A. How many apples B. How much bread C. How much breads
( )17.-Are there any pictures on the wall?
-
A. There are some. B. Yes, there is one. C. Yes, there is.
( )18.-Where is my wallet?
-There a black on the floor.
A. is; it B. are; ones C. is; one
( )19.There two bowls of rice on the table.
A. is B. have C. are
( )20. any flowers on both sides of the street?
A. Is there B. Are there C. Has
二、用be动词的适当形式填空
1、There some water in the bottle.
2、 there books on desk?
3、There some students and a teacher in the classroom.
4、There a pencil, two pens and a ruler in my pencil-box.
5、 there any cheese on the plate?
6、 there anything else in the box?
7、There no factories and hospitals here fifty years ago.
8、How many kinds of animals there in this area?
9、There may something wrong with the watch.
10、 there enough good news in today's newspaper?
三、翻译句子
1、天空中有一些鸟在飞。
There some birds in the sky.
2、杯子里有水吗？
there water in the cup?
3、操场上一些孩子们在玩。
There are children on the playground.
4、书包里没有书。
There books in the schoolbag.
5、明天在203房间有个会议。
There going to a meeting in Room 203 tomorrow.
四、用some和any填空
1、There isn't _ milk in the glass.
2、Are there ______ pears in the box?
3、There is ______ tea in the cup.
4、Is there _ butter on the table?
5、There are _ sausages in the bowl.
五、句型转换
1、There is no shop in this street.（变为同义句）
There shop in this street.
2、There are some apples in the box.（变单数）
There in the box.
3、There is some bread in the fridge.（变为否定句）
There bread in the fridge
4、There isn’t any butter on the table.（变为肯定句）
There butter on the table.
5、There are some apples on the tree.（变为一般疑问句）
there apples on the tree?
6、There is a woman on the playground.（变复数）
There some on the playground.
7、There are two knives in the kitchen.（对画线部分提问）
knives are there in the kitchen？
8、There are no books in my bag.（变为同义句）
There books in my bag.
9、Our class has 51 boys and girls.（变为同义句）
51 boys and girls in our class.
10、It is going to rain soon.（变为同义句）
There going to be soon.

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