直接英语和间接英语句型转换.doc

直接英语和间接英语句型转换
•一、句型的变化
•
（一）如果直接引语是陈述句，间接引语一般是用that来引导。口语中that常可以省略。
• “I like to listen to rock music,” said Peter.
• Peter said that he liked to listen to rock music.
•【温馨提示】如果直接引语中出现两个或两个以上的陈述句并列时，第一个that可以省略，后面一个不能省略，以免引起歧义。如：
•The teacher said, “The text is very important. You should learn it by heart.”
• The teacher said (that) the text is important and that we should learn it by heart.
(二) 如果直接引语是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时 ，间接引语常变为由whether/if引导，而且要用陈述句语序。如：
1) The boy asked his mother, “Can I go to play football with my friends on Saturday?”
The boy asked his mother whether/if he could go to play football with his friends on Saturday.
2) “Will you go to the museum this weekend or next weekend?” Li Hua asked me.
Li Hua asked me whether/if I would go to the museum this weekend or the next weekend.
(三) 如果直接引语是特殊问句，间接引语用特殊疑问词引导，而且用陈述句语序。如：

“How much time do you spend on the homework?” he asked me.
He asked me how much time I spent on the homework.
（四）如果间接引语是表示请求、提议、建议、劝告等意义的问句，要借助其他句型结构来表达。如：
1)“Would you buy me some stamps while you are in the office?” He said to me.
He asked me to buy him some stamps while I am in the office.
2)“Why don’t you come and play football with me?” He asked.
He advised me to play football with him.
【温馨提示】表示请求、劝告时，通常用“ask/advise/want等 + 宾语 + 动词不定式”结构。
(五) 如果直接引语是祈使句，间接引语要用不定式的复合结构改，即改为：tell (ask, order, warn, advise等) sb. (not) to do sth. 如：
1)The policeman said to the children, “Don’t play football in the street.”
The policeman told the children not to play football in the street.
2)“Listen to me carefully, please.” the teacher said to us.
The teacher told us to listen to him carefully.
【温馨提示】如果祈使句中出现了please, 在间接引语中必须省略。
(六) 如果直接引语是感叹句，变间接引语时，用what, how或that来引述。如：
“What a beautiful house it is!” he said to me.
He told me what a beautiful house it was.
He told me that it was a beautiful house.
二、时态的变化
（一）如果主句的时态是一般现在时或将来时，则间接引语中的时态不变。如；
He says, “I’m too tired.”
He says (that) he is too tired.
（二）如果主句的时态是一般过去时，则间接引语中的时态相应地变为与过去相关的时态。具体变化如下：
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时
1)The old man said, “Great changes have taken place in China.”
The old man said that great changes had taken place in China.

2)“ Wang Lin is waiting for you outside of the school gate.” Li Fang said to me.
Li Fang told me that Wang Lin was waiting for me outside of the school gate
【温馨提示1】当转述的是客观事实、科学真理、格言或谚语；重复出现或现在习惯性的动作时，间接引语的时态不变化。如：
1)He said, “The earth travels around the sun.”
He said that the earth travels around the sun.
2)“Failure is the mother of success.” The teacher said to us.
The teacher told us that failure is the mother of success.
【温馨提示2】当直接引语中的谓语动词含有情态动词must , need, ought to, had better等，变间接引语时，间接引语中谓语动词的形式不变。如：

1)He said, “You had better ask for help when you are in trouble.”

He said that I had better ask for help when I was in trouble
三、人称代词的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语中作主语的人称代词或其他物主代词要作相应的变化。一般情况下要遵循以下几条原则：
（一）直接引语的主语是第一人称，变为间接引语时，要和主句的主语保持一致。如：
“Can I use your bike for a moment?” the boy said to me.
The boy asked me whether he could use my bike for moment.
(二) 直接引语的主语是第二人称，变为间接引语时，要和主句的宾语保持一致。如：

The teacher asked Joan, “Why are you late again?”

The teacher asked Joan why she was late again.
（三）直接引语的主语是第三人称，变为间接引语时，间接引语中的主语人称不变。如：
He asked me, “How long has Teddy stayed in China?”
He asked me how long has Teddy stayed in China.
四、主句谓语动词的变化
(一) 直接引语是陈述句，谓语动词是say(said)的不变，是said to sb.常变为told sb.如：
He said to his friend, “I am glad to see you.”

He told his friend that he was glad to see him.
(二) 直接引语是特殊疑问句、一般疑问句或选择疑问句，said 变为asked; said to sb. 变为 asked sb.如：
“How can you do that?” Mary said to Betty.
Mary asked Betty how she could do that.
(三) 直接引语是祈使句，变间接引语时，谓语动词可根据语气强弱选则beg, advise, ask, tell, order, warn等。如果祈使句是否定句，还需在不定式符号to前加not.如：
I said to her, “Please pass me a glass of water.”
I asked her to pass me a glass of water.
She said, “Don’t smoke in the public place.”
She told me not to smoke in the public place.
(四)直接引语是感叹句，变间接引语时，引述动词常用tell, exclaim或say等。如：
“How well he looks!” he said.
He exclaimed how well he looked.
He said that he looked well.
五、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和方向性动词的变化
（一）指示代词的变化
this that these those
但有时如果所说的东西就在眼前，也可不变。如：
He said, “I like this book.”
He said that he liked this book. (书在眼前)
二）时间状语的变化
today that day
this morning/afternoon, etc. that morning/afternoon, etc.
yesterday the day before
tomorrow the following/next day
the day after tomorrow two days later
next week/month, etc. the next week/month, etc.
last week/month the week /month before
now then
如果引述的时间和说话时间相同（如就在同年、同月、同日），时间状语也可不变。如：
Mr Black said, “I visited the Great Wall last year.”
Mr Black said that he had visited the Great Wall the year before.
Mr Black said that he had visited the Great Wall last year.
(三) 地点和方向性动词的变化
here there come go
如果说话人所在地和引述地点相同，here，come也可不变。如：
He said, “I will come here this evening.”
He said that he would come here this evening. (同时同地引述)
He said that he would go there that evening.
巩固练习：将下列句子变为间接引语或直接引语
1. He said to me, “I wrote a letter to my parents last week.”
He ______ me that___ ____ ______ a letter to _____parents_____ _______ ______.
2. “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west,” mother said to her daughter.
Mother_______ her daughter that the sun_______ up the east and ____ in the west.
3. “Don’t be late again, Jim,” said the teacher. The teacher___ ___ ____ _____ be late again.
4. “Have you seen the film Harry Potter?” he asked.
He asked me __ ___ ____ ______ the film Harry Potter. 5. Mr Wang asked the students how they could improve their spoken English.
“____ ____ ____ improve _______ spoken English?” Mr Wang said to the students.

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