辅音字母一见发音表.doc

辅音字母一见发音表：
b
c
d
f
g
h
j
k
l
m
n
[b]
[k]cap
[d]
[f]
[g]egg
[h]
[dV]
[k]
[l]
[m]
[n]

[s]city

[dV]

[-l]

[N]g/k
table
rice
bed
coffee
orange
high
jeep
book
blue
meet
nose
blue
bicycle
dog
fly
garbage
hello
Japan
keep
ball
room
pen

[V]garage

table

thank
p
q
r
s
t
v
w
x
(y)
z

[p]
[k]
[r]
[s]desk
[t]
[v]
[w]
[ks]
[j]yes
[z]

[-r]
[z]easy

[gz]
[ai]my

pencil
quick
rose
[V]usually
sit
voice
wash
box
[i]busy
zoo

open
quarter
sorry
pleasure
teacher
invite
swim
exam
very
zero

teacher
[F]sure
little

quickly
freeze

☻常见辅音字母组合的发音口诀：  字母组合固定音，千锤百炼习语感。
wh发音 [h] 和 [w],  th 常发 [W] 和 [T]；
ch/tch多发 [tF],  有时发音 [F] 或 [k]；
sh [F], ph [f],  gh 不发或发 [f](词尾)；
ge\dge 多发 [dV], ck 发 [k] kn [n];
ng 易发 [N] [Ng], qu发音 [kw] 和[k]。
wr 发卷趋 [r], 双写分节不分音。{ 动词或复数词尾s /es, 多发[s][z]/ 和[iz]; ts [ts] ds[dz]}
例词：
wh发音 [h] 和 [w],  
   wh ---[  ] which, white, what, where, when, why  [  ] whose, who, whole {*whew [hw-]}
th 常发 [W] 和 [T]；th --- [  ] this, that, the, they, with  [  ] thank, three, tooth, forth, eleventh
ch/tch多发 [tF],  有时发音 [F] 或 [k]；
   (t)ch ---[  ] chicken, chair, child, sandwich, catch, watch chase(追赶，追击，追求),  
  [  ] ache, headache, chemist   [  ] machine[mE`FEn], chaise [Feiz] (带篷二轮马车)
sh [F], ph [f],  gh 不发或发 [f](词尾)；   sh ---[  ] shoe, ship, sheep, fish, wash, ash       
   ph ---[  ] photo, telephone, phrase    gh ---[  ] right, light, daughter  [  ] laugh, cough 
ge\dge 多发 [dV], ck 发 [k], kn [n];
   (d)ge ---[  ] orange, page, bridge, fridge, porridge(麦片粥，稀饭)
   ck ---[  ] black, kick, lock, back
   kn ---[  ] knife, know, knock, knee(膝盖), kneel(跪下), knit (编织), knob(球形把手, 旋钮),
        knack (诀窍), knight(骑士,武士; **《金山游侠》，金山公司出品的游戏修改软件),
ng 易发 [N] [Ng], qu发音 [kw] 和[k]。ng ---[  ] sing, song, long, wing  [  ] English, hungry
qu ---[  ] quick, quite(相当，十分), quiet (安静的，平静的), quarter, require,
     [  ] cheque(支票), unique(唯一，独有独特的), technique(技巧),
wr 发卷趋 [r],
   wr ---[  ] wrong, write, wrap(包，裹), wrist(手腕), wrest(拧，扭), wrestle(摔跤), wring(绞，扭)
   双写分节不分音：miss, apple, egg, sorry, yellow, umbrella {双写元音字母：see, zoo, book}
ts/tes ---[  ] its tail(它的尾巴), two baskets /boats(两个篮子/小船), my coats /shirts (我的上衣/衬衫), three hats(三顶帽子), five cats(五只猫), many streets(许多街道), two packets(两个包裹/两包..), some presents/ sweets(一些礼物/糖果), two biscuits (两块饼干), a box of chocolates (一包巧克力糖), ten minutes (十分钟), two gates (两扇大门), in my pockets (在我的口袋里), two lights /kites (两个灯 /风筝), two nests (两个鸟巢/窝), two tea-pots (两个茶壶), some carrots (一些胡萝卜), What’s this? It’s a pen. sits,
ds/des---[  ] two birds, two hands, English words, their beds, their heads, two blackboards, goods(商品/货物),
辅音连缀：pr ---[  ] practice, praise, pray, press, price, proud,
pl---[  ] please, play, plane, plan, place, plain, plenty (丰富, 大量), pliers (钳子(如老虎钳,手钳,扁嘴钳等),镊子),
        plod(沉重地走, 辛勤工作), plop (扑通落下), plum(李子), plug(插头,插上),
br---[  ] brag(吹牛), brake (闸，刹车), brain, break, bread, breed (使)繁殖, 教养, 抚养), brown, bride(新娘),
bribe(贿赂, 向…行贿), brush 
bl---[  ] black, bleed, blind, blouse, blood, blue,
cr-/kr---[  ] crab(螃蟹), cradle(摇篮), cream, crop, cricket([昆]蟋蟀 [运动]板球) criticize(批评, 责备), cry,
cruel(残忍的), kraut(泡菜), Kremlin (克里姆林宫),
cl-/kl---[  ] class, claim((根据权利)要求得到, 认领, 声称, 主张, 需要) clean, clear, clock, close, click(发出滴答
      声,单击n.滴答声) , club(俱乐部, 夜总会,), klaxon (高音喇叭/气笛, 电喇叭), Klan (=Ku Klux Klan)三K党)
gr---[  ] grade, grass, grape, graceful(优雅的，温文尔雅)，green, great, grief(悲痛, 伤心事, 不幸, 忧伤), grin(露
齿笑, 裂口笑), groan(呻吟(着说), gruffly (说话或态度粗暴地, 粗声地, 生硬地)
gl---[  ] glass, glad, gleam (发微光, 使闪烁), glide(滑行,滑翔), globe(地球仪), glove(手套), glue(胶水/胶合)
fr---[  ] France, French, free, fresh (新鲜的, 无经验的), frequent (频繁的), friend (朋友), fried, fry, frog (青蛙),
from(自，从)，front (前面,前线,阵线), fruit (水果, 果实, 果类, 成果), frustrated (感到灰心/失败的)
fl---[  ] flat, flag, flame(火焰,热情), flap (拍打, 鼓翼而飞, 飘动), flares (喇叭裤), flash (闪光, 闪现, 一瞬间), flea
(跳蚤), flee (逃跑, 逃走), fleer (狞笑, 讥笑), flesh (肉,果肉), flinch (畏缩, 退缩, 畏首畏尾), floor (地板，楼层),
float (漂浮,浮舟,彩车), flood (洪水, 水灾, 淹没, 涌进,涌出) flour (面粉), flow (流动, (河水)泛滥, 洋溢), flower
 (花) , flu (流感), fly (飞翔，飞行)，flub (做得不好, 弄糟), fluent (流利的, 流畅的),
sl---[  ] slave (奴隶), slander (诽谤), slaughter (屠宰, 残杀, 屠杀), sleep (睡眠, 睡觉), sleet (下/雨加雪, 下冰雹),
sleeve (袖子), slice (薄片, 切片), slim (苗条的, 纤细的), slip (滑倒, 失足), slogan (口号, 标语), slow(ly)
(慢的/地), sly/ slily [slaili](狡猾的/地),
sm---[  ] small (小的, 少的), smart (聪明的, 漂亮的, 灵巧地, 时髦地), smarty (=wise guy自作聪明的人), smell
   (气味, 臭味, //嗅, 闻到, 散发(...的)气味, 有(...的)气味), smile ((～ at) 微笑), smog (烟雾), smoke (n.烟, 烟
                尘, 烟幕//v.抽烟, 吸烟vi.冒烟), smuggle (n.走私, 偷带v.走私),
sn---[  ] snow, snake, snack (吃)快餐/小吃)), snail (蜗牛), snap (猛咬), sneer (冷笑,轻蔑的笑), sneeze (打/ 喷嚏),
 snob /snobling (势利的年轻人, 势利小人),
sk---[  ] skate, skating, skirt, ski (=skee滑雪), skim (掠过, 滑过, 浏览), skin (皮肤, 兽皮, 皮毛), skint (身无分文
的, 穷光蛋的), skip (跳, 蹦,跳读), sky-blue (天蓝色的, 淡蓝色, 蔚蓝色)
sp---[  ] space (空间, 间隔 距离, 空地, 余地), spade (铲, 铁锹), Spain (西班牙), spare (多余的, 剩下的/分让给),
 spell, speak (说话, 谈话, 发言, 演讲, 说明事实, 表示意见,操(某种语言)), spear ([spiE]矛, 枪), specific ([spi`sifik]特效药, 详细而精确的, 明确的), spice (香料, 调味品,情趣), spider (蜘蛛), sport(运动,运动会), spume [spju:m](n.泡沫v.(使)起泡沫), spumous (adj.起泡沫的, 泡沫状的), spur[spE:](n.踢马剌, 剌激物v.鞭策), sputter [`spQtE](n.vi.vt.说话急快/唾沫飞溅/飞溅出/喷溅声), sputum [spju:tEm](唾液, 痰), spy (特工, 间谍, 侦探,//秘密侦察),
st---[  ] stand, stamp (邮票, 跺(脚), 顿(足)), stage (舞台,戏剧,举行), star (星, 恒星, 明星, 名角), start (动身,开始,着手
       惊动,惊起,起动,发动), staff (棒, 杖, 杆, 支柱, 全体职员), stadium (露天运动场/体育场), step, steep(陡峭的),       stick (棍, 棒, 手杖/粘住, 粘贴), stop, student, stupid (愚蠢的, 麻木的), stupidity (蠢事,糊涂事), stutter (口吃, 结结巴巴的说), style (风格, 时尚, 文体),
sw---[  ] swab ([swCb]n.拖把, 药签,vt. 拭抹, 擦洗), swag(摇晃, 水潭,垂花饰), swear(宣誓, 发誓), sweat(n/v.(使)出汗),
sweater(厚运动衫, 毛线衫), sweep(扫, 打扫, 清扫, 席卷, 冲光), sweepup(n.大扫除), sweet(甜的, 可受的, 美好的, 芳香的/n. 糖果),swim (swam,swum), swing (swang, swung,秋千, 摇摆, 摆动), swicky([美]威士忌酒), swig(n/v.痛饮, 大喝特喝(尤指从瓶口喝的)), swiftly(迅速地, 敏捷地), swindle (sb of…骗走某人的), swob(拖把, 海棉), swobble(大口地吃), swoon(vi.昏晕, 昏厥惊讶, 酣睡n.狂喜, 陶醉), swoop(n.突然下降, 猛扑vt攫取vi.飞扑, 突然袭击), sword(剑), swot(at../ for../up; vi.用功读书vt.用功学习n.苦读的人, 辛苦的工作),
dw---[  ] dwarf ([dwC:f]n.矮子, 侏儒v.(使)变矮小), dwell(at../in...居住 停留于;on../upon..细想, 详述),
tw---[  ] twelve, twelfth, twenty, twentieth, twain ([twein]n.两, 双, 二, 一对), twin(s), twig ([twig]n.嫩枝, 小
枝, 末梢), twice([twais]adv.两次, 两倍), twiddle (with…v.玩弄, 旋弄,捻), twill ([twil]n.斜纹织物vt.把...织成斜纹adj.
斜纹织物的), twine ([twain]n.合股线, 细绳, 麻线, 搓v.搓, 织, 编饰, (使)缠绕), twinge([twindV]n.一阵一阵痛, 如刺一样痛, 剧痛vt.使一阵一阵痛, 刺痛), twinkle ([5twiNkl]v.闪烁, 闪耀, (使)闪光n.闪烁, 发光, 牛眼), twist([twist]n.一扭, 扭曲,手法, 螺旋状vt.拧, 扭曲, 绞, 搓, 捻, 使苦恼, 使转动, vi.扭弯, 扭曲, 缠绕, 扭动, 呈螺旋形),two,
thr---[  ] three, thread(线，细丝, 线索, 思路, 螺纹), threaten(恐吓, 威胁), threnode (哀歌), thrive(兴旺, 繁荣, 茁壮成长, 旺盛), throw(扔，抛，投，摔，掷，丢), through (通过，穿过，透过/〔时间〕从…的开始到末了，从头到尾；〔场
所〕到处，全面), throat (咽喉, 喉咙, 嗓音, 窄路), throne (王座, 君主), throstle (=wood thrush画眉鸟), thruput(吞吐量), thrust(力推, 冲, 插入, 挤进, 刺, 戳), thrypsis([5Wripsis]粉碎性骨折),
a--- [/ ei / B:/ A/ C:/ C/ E/ i / ] 强化音[ei]，弱化音[E]a接r /ss常发[B:/A], 还有[ei][A] [C/C:][i] [E]。
name [ei], table [ei], car [B:], park [B:], class [B:], basket [B:/A], as [A], ass [A], father [B:], afterward(s) [B:/E](然后, 后来), dollar [E],cap [A], catch [A], grammar [A/E], America [E], asleep, alone, afraid, banana [E /B:/E], woman [E], water [C:], watch [C], what [C], war [C:], orange [i],
e--- [/ i:/ e/ i / E/ -*(词尾空音) / ]  强化音[i:]，弱化音[E/ i ]  e的发音首数[e]，空尾/重[i:]轻[i][E]。
   he [i:], she [i:], we [i:], me [i:], evening [i:], red [e], pencil [e], empty [e], desk [e], umbrella [e], French [e], basket [i], women [i], pretty [i], the [E / i:], children [E], open [E], hundred [E / i:],
/ -*(词尾空音) /---- whose [z], house [s], nice [s], face [s], white [t], name [m], give [v], side [d], wake [k], prize [z], fine [n], tube [b], orange [dV], employee [i:] (职工, 雇员, 店员), apple [pl], table [bl], little [tl], middle [dl], bicycle [kl], eagle [gl]鹰),
i--- [ /ai / i:/ i / E / ] 强化音[ai/i:]，弱化音[E/ i]  重开音节发[i: /ai]，重闭/轻音短[i][E]。
   right [ai], bicycle [ai], white [ai], police [i:], this [i], which [i], his [i],building [i], beautiful [E], holiday [E],
o--- [ /Eu/ Q/ C/ C:/u:/ u / E / wQ-]  强化音[Eu/ C:/u:]，弱化音[E]
o发长音[Eu][C:][u:]，短音[Q][C][E] one殊。
   no [Eu], cold [Eu], those [Eu], come [Q], some [Q], mother [Q], brother [Q], son [Q], month [Q], dog [C], not [C], hot [C], sorry [C], shop [C], locker [C], box [C], orange [C:], whose [u:], who [u:], do [u:], to [u:], two [u:], woman [u], policeman [E], today [E], occasion [E](场合, 时机, 机会), aeroplane [E], //  one [wQn], once [wQns], reservoir [`rezEvwB:],
u--- [ /ju:/ Q /  u / u: /i / ]  强化音[ju:/u:]，弱化音[i]u字多发 [ju:]和[Q]，忙碌busy(i)加[u:][u]。
   use [ju:], usually [ju:], tube [ju:], music [ju:], pupil [ju:], rubber [Q], umbrella [Q], mum [Q], hungry [Q], bus [Q], just [Q],cup [Q],put [u], full [u], pull [u], ruler [u:],Sue [u:],blue [u:],minute [i], busy [i]
y--- [ /ai / j / i /]  强化音[ai]，弱化音[i]   y头发[j]重读[ai]，轻音/结尾[i]变来。
   your [j], you [j], yes [j], yellow [j], young [j], my [ai], why [ai], tyre [ai], style [ai], fry [ai], cry [ai], bicycle [i], baby [i], ready [i], hungry [i], very [i], thirsty [i], empty [i], busy [i], body [i], slowly [i],
☻常见元音字母组合发音口诀：  字母组合固定音，常受影响发音变；千锤百炼习语感。
组合爱发长/双元(音(重读音节))；常受影响发音变；为了顺口图方便，近似发音相变换。
另有强化加弱化，多个字母省略念。外来/古语不规则(发音)，熟读百遍字腔圆。
a--- ay  [ei] day, say, play, way, weekday, birthday,  // [i]  Sunday, Monday, …
   ar  [B:] car, star, farm, are, park, garlic,  // [E] dollar, collar, grammar, particular [pE`tikju:lE],
   al  [C:] all, ball, small, hall, walk, chalk, // [B:] half, 
[C:l / Al / El ]非组合式的情况：although[C:l], alga [`AlgE](藻类, 海藻), algal [`AlgEl](adj.海藻的), algebra [Al`dVibrE] (代数学), signal [lsigEl](信号/发信号, 用信号通知),
   au  [C:] daughter, fault, audience, cause, August[`C:gEst] (八月), august [C:`gQst](令人敬畏的, 威严的),
       [C] because,  [au] kraut(泡菜), [B:] laugh,
   air  [ZE]  air, chair, hair, pair, fair,
   ai  [ei]  aid, aim, rain, afraid, wait, maid, straight, faith (信念, 宗教信仰, 忠实,),
   aw  [C:]  draw, law, saw, awful, raw,
e--- ea  [i:] teacher, tea, eat, meat, read, clean, heal, [e] bread, breakfast, head,  [ei] great, break, steak,
   ee  [i:] meet, teeth, see, three, green, week, freezing, queen,
   ei  [ei] eight, weigh, weight,  [i:]  receive, ceiling, deceit (n.欺骗, 谎言), deceive(v. 欺骗, 谎言), receipt (收条, 收据, 收到), perceive (v.察觉感知, 感到), conceit (原义;自负, 幻想),
   er  [E:]  her, herd(兽群, 牧群/放牧), emergency (紧急情况, 紧急突发事件, 非常时刻,), [E] teacher, sister,  brother, farmer, worker, letter, over,
   ear  [iE] ear, hear, near, year, fear, earwig (偷听者), [ZE] pear, wear, swear(宣誓, 发誓),
[E:] early, earth, earn,
   ere  [iE] here, sphere (球体), hemisphere (半球),   [ZE] there, ere (prep/conj. 前于...; 在...以前),
   eir  [ZE] their,
   eer  [iE] beer, deer, cheer(欢呼/喝彩), sneer(冷笑,讥笑), jeer(讥讽嘲弄), engineer, ,
   ey  [ei]  they, grey, hey,
   ew  [ju:]  new, few, hew(砍), view(景色, 风景, 观点, 见解), ewe (母羊),
i--- ir  [E:] girl, sir, thirsty, shirt, skirt, first, thirty, whirl((使)旋转), stir (轰动, 激起,搅动),
   ie  [i:] piece, niece(侄女, 甥女), field, thief, believe, belief, achieve(完成, 达到), chief(首领, 领袖, 酋长, 长官//主要的, 首要的, 首席的, 主任的), grief(悲痛, 伤心事, 不幸, 忧伤), relief((痛苦等的)减轻),
   ire  [aiE] tire(轮胎；使劳累), tired(累的，疲劳的), wire(金属丝, 电线),
   igh  [ai] right, light, fight, might(也许, 或许; 可能), night, knight,
o--- or  [C:] or, for, fork, morning, short, torch, more,  [E:] work, worker,  [E]  actor, doctor, forget,
   oa  [Eu]  boat, coat, goat, goal,
   oo  [u:]school, food, too, room, tooth, spoon, moon, boot, root, wool, mood(心情, 情绪, 语气, 状态),
[u] book, look, cook, good, football, foot  [Q] blood, flood,
   ou  [au] house, blouse, trousers, mouse, mouth, south, ouch, out, our, hour, flour, sour, mountain,
[Q] young, touch, rough(粗糙的, 粗略的, 大致的, 粗野的), [u:] you, through, rouge [ru:V](擦口红/胭脂), [u]would, could, should,    [C:] cough,
   ow  [au] brown, down, how, now, towel, tower,  [Eu] yellow, bowl, show, blow, snow, throw
   oy/oi  [Ci]  boy, toy, enjoy, employ,  // noise, noisy, toilet, oil, boil,
   our  [au] our, flour(面粉)   [C:] your, four, course,
ore  [C:] before, more, forehead, foresee,
oor  [C:/ JE]/ door, floor, moor(荒野;停泊, 系住),
u--- ur  [E:]  turn, Thursday, hurt, fur, urge, further, urban (城市的, 市内的), suburb, suburbia (郊区居民),
    ure  picture, future[tFE],  // sure[FuE],   //pleasure, measure[VE],
    ua  [JE]  usual, usually, February, graduate [`grAdJEt](大学)毕业生, 研究生),
       非组合发音： graduate [`grAdjJeit] (v. (使)(大学)毕业),   [jJE]January,
    uy [ai] buy, guy,
五、音节、音节的结构和类型、音节划分、音节重音和拼读：
1.         音节就是英文单词字母(或发音)的排列单位，一个单位算一节。连读起来轻重缓急，流利有节奏，便于听说阅读。
2.         音节的结构、类型：口诀： 完全结构头中尾(音头/音中/音尾)，元音字母占中央(包含组合)，缺头少尾有开闭(音节)，e尾/成音/r音节
开音节/闭音节：以元音或不发音的e结尾的叫开音节，以辅音结尾的是闭音节。
开音节(词) ：[以开音节结尾] a, area, tea, by, day, no, boy, buy, grey, ba*by, ru*ler, rub*ber, fa*ther, the, she, we, he, bee, ta*ble, ap*ple, name, bi*cy*cle, banana, orange, some,
闭音节(词)：bas*ket, bag, cap, class, miss, cross, rain, ti*red, bed, red, yes, egg, sit, it, begin(开始), hot, not, boat, boil(沸腾，煮沸，激动), cup, sun, cut, put, but, mutton(羊肉), meet, woman,
r音节：元音字母(a e i o u) + r构成的独立的音节，也可以前后加辅音字母共同构成音节。
       例如：far(远的), arm, er (嗯~), her, tea*cher, ru*ler, sir, girl, stir(轰动, 激起), or, for(为了，对于，因为，适合), short, fur(毛皮), turn, // ar•ti•cle(文章), or•der (命令, 定购, 定制；次序, 顺序,秩序), ur•gent (急迫的, 紧急的), ur•ban (城市的, 市内的),
成音节： 辅音字母(有时跟不发音/弱化音的元音字母) + l, m, n, (常常带有不发音的e)可算作一个音节。
       例如：la•bel ((贴)标签), pu•pil, pen•cil [sl], ta•ble, bi•cy•cle, lit•tle [tl], ap•ple [pl],
       peo•ple,
3.         划分音节口诀： 音节中心看母音，辅音要向两边站。中心之间辅音连，一靠后,二分手；多个中间偏左右，字母组合算一个(音)。多音节尾 -l -m –n(e)，前有辅音成音节。
例子：学会一眼识破音节数目，运用语音规则，做到见字读音。
闭音节：pen [pen], cap [kAp], bas*ket [`bB:skit], green [gri:n], book [buk], and [And], eat [i:t],
开音节：he [hi:], she [Fi:], tea [ti:],my [mai], tea•cher [`ti:tFE], rea•dy [`redi], Ju•ly [`dVu(:)lai],  
        ru•ler [`ru:lE], her [hE:],
成音节： ta•ble [`teibl], ap•ple [pl], bot•tle [tl], mid•dle [dl], bi•cy•cle [`baisikl], pen•cil [sl],
        se•ven [`sevn], e•le•ven [i `lev(E)n],
不发音的e 尾：come [kQm], please [pli:z], whose [hu:z], nice [nais], name [neim], give [giv],（开音节的外形，多读长音。）
4.         单词重音（重音符号ˊ）：双音节和多音节词中常常重读一个音节，其它读轻音遇到生词，有音标当然省事，但在无音标的情况下，至于哪个音节要重读，由于英语词源、构词、例外情况等诸多因素限制，不可能将每个生词读的完全无误。只能掌握的一般规律：
重音口诀： 为了顺口有节奏，张口由大变到小(省气力)，大口/长音多重读，还要保持身平衡(整个单词发音)，特别写法长又多(特别是写法很长的多音节词)，倒数第三多琢磨。(一般是)前轻---中重----后又轻。哪儿平顺哪(儿)读重。
一般具体做法是：① 单音节都重读；这类单词很多。例如：meet, and, class, which, house, bread
② 双音节词 ▲ (发长音或大口音重读, 这类单词很多，例如：`teacher [`ti:tFE], `ruler [`ru:lE], `basket [`bB:skit], `apple [`Apl], `table [`teibl],tired [`taiEd], `lazy [`leizi], `open [`EupEn],  // `sorry [`sCri], Ju`ly, pre`fer, po`lice, to`day,
▲ (两音平(音长和张口大小接近的)开头重读; 这类单词很多，例如：`rubber, `Sandy, `sandwich, `pencil, `brother, woman, `sister, `ready, `hungry,