模块十一第三单元.doc

如皋市第一中学高三英语2012-2013活动单模块十一第三单元语言点一、重点词汇1. sadden vt. 使悲伤，使伤心，使难过 We were deeply saddened by the news of her death. 听到她的死讯，我们深感悲伤。The news saddened us. 我们得知这个消息后很伤心。It saddened her that people could be so cruel. 人竟能如此残忍，这让她痛心。 saddened adj. 难过的，悲伤的sad adj. 悲哀的，难过的 a sad look/ story 悲伤的表情/故事 sadly adv. 悲哀地，忧愁地，不幸地 sadness n. U 悲哀，忧伤 C 令人悲哀或忧伤的事2. bless vt. 保佑， 赐福于 be blessed with 赋予（能力）， 享有（幸福）等She is blessed with excellent health. 她身体很好，是一种福气。We are blessed with five lovely grandchildren. 我们很有福气，有五个可爱的孙子孙女。 bless you/her/him etc. ( spoken ) 表示满意或感谢 Sarah ,bless her, had made a cup of tea. 真得感谢萨拉，她给沏了一杯茶。 blessed adj. 神圣的，有福的；愉快安宁的，无忧无虑的； a moment of blessed calm. 片刻愉快的宁静 3. fold vt. & vi. 折叠；交叠；包；裹 vi. 垮掉，彻底失,败，（公司等）倒闭fold sth. (up) / fold sth. (back, down, over etc.) 折叠，对折He folded the map up and put it in his pocket. 她把地图折起来，放进了口袋。The blankets had been folded down.毛毯已折叠起来。fold sth away 使. 折叠收拢The bed can be folded away during the day. 这张桌子在白天可以折叠起来。fold A in B , fold B round/over A 包，裹;Fold this glass bowl in newspaper.Fold newspaper round this glass bowl.把这个玻璃盆用报纸包好。fold ones arms 双臂在胸前合抱fold sb./sth in ones arms 抱住某人/某物, 拥抱 Father folded his child in his arms. 父亲把孩子抱在怀里。fold up （因痛苦/大笑）倒下The comedian had the audience folding up. 这个喜剧演员逗得观众笑得前仰后合。4. bulk n. 大量in bulk 大量地， 批量地We buy the goods in bulk. 我们大量地采购这种货。the bulk of 大部分，主要部分The bulk of the work has already been done 大部分的工作已经完成了。bulk v. bulk large 显得重要，是最重要的部分 bulk sth. out 使更大，更厚5. flood n. 洪水; 大量，大批The heavy rain caused floods in the houses by the river. 这场大雨下得河边的房子里都进水了。Theres a flood in the next valley. 旁边的山谷被水淹了。a flood of letters/ refugees 大量涌来的信件，难民a flood of anger/ abuse 大发雷霆，大骂in flood ( 河流) 泛滥vi. & vt. 使淹没； Our street floods whenever we have rain. 我们这条街一下雨就淹水。Every spring the river floods the valley. 每年春天河水都会淹没山谷。flood sth. (with sth.) 使充斥，充满Cheap imported goods are flooding the market. 廉价进口商品充斥着市场。be flooded with被所淹没，充满，充斥The market has been flooded with cheap imitations.廉价赝品已经充斥了市场。flood sb./ sth. with sth. 给某人大量的某事物; 大量送至，拥满The office was flooded with applications for the job. 办公室堆满了应征该职的求职信。flood in / into 大量涌入Refugees continue to flood into neighbouring countries. 难民不断涌入邻国。6. introduce vt. 介绍，引见，做自我介绍 introduce A (to B) / introduce A and B / introduce yourself ( to sb) He introduced me to a Greek girl at the party. introduce sth. ( into/ to sth.) 推行，实施，采用 The company is introducing a new range of products this year. introduce sth. ( to/ into sth.) 引进（动植物）；传入（疾病） Vegetation patterns changed when goats were introduced into the island. 自从引进山羊之后，这个岛上的植被模式改变了。 introduce sb. to sth. / introduce sth. (to sb.) 使某人初次了解，使尝试 The first lecture introduces students to the main topics of the course. 第一堂课是让学生了解这门课的主要内容。7. treat n. 待遇，款待; 乐事，乐趣 Lets go out for lunch, my treat. 咱到外面去吃午餐，我请客。 When I was young， chocolate was a treat. 我年轻时吃巧克力是一种难得的享受。 Her sons visits are a great treat for her. 她儿子来看望她，她心里喜滋滋的。 vt. treat sb.(as/like sth.) 对待某人 They treat their children very badly. 他们对待子女很不好。My parents still treat me like a child. 我父母仍然把我当孩子。 He was treated as a hero. 他被当成是英雄。 treat sth./ sb. with 以方式对待Treat your keyboard with care. 小心使用你的键盘。treat people with respect 对人尊敬 treat sth. as sth. 把当成, 把视为 I decided to treat his remark as a joke. 我把他的话当作是玩笑话。 treat sb./ sth. treat sb./ sth (for sth.) 治疗，医治 She was treated for sunstroke. 她因中暑接受治疗。 The condition is usually treated with drugs and a strict diet. 这种病通常用药物和严格控制饮食进行治疗。 treat sb./ yourself (to sth.) 招待，款待，请客 She treated him to lunch. 她请他吃午饭。 Im going to treat myself to a new pair of shoes. 我打算给自己买双新鞋。 treat sth. (with sth.) （用防护措施或物品）处理，保存 Treat crops with insecticide. 给庄稼喷洒杀虫剂。8. entertain vt.招待, 款待心存，怀有（想法，希望，感觉等）entertain friends at/ to dinner. 请朋友们吃饭。entertain hopes/ doubts 抱着希望，心中存疑entertain a firm belief in final victory 对最后胜利抱着坚定的信心 entertain sb. (with sth.) 给娱乐， 使快乐， He entertained us for hours with his stories and jokes. 他既讲故事又讲笑话，把我们逗得乐了好几个小时。entertainer n. 款待者，请客者，演员，艺人entertainment n. 招待，款待；娱乐活动，文娱节目entertaining adj. 有趣的，娱乐的，使人愉快的9. good n. 好的方面，利益，好处Cuts have been made for the good of the company. 实行裁减是为了公司的利益。Im only telling you this for your own good. 我把这事告诉你只是为你好。Whats the good of earning all that money if you dont have time to enjoy it . 要是没时间去享受，赚这么多钱有什么用？be no good / be not any / much/ some good 没用处/ 没什么用处Its no good talking to him. 和他谈没有用。 This gadget isnt much good. 这小玩意儿没什么用处。 do good to sb. / do sb. good (对某人)有好处，有益 Eat more fruit, it will do you good. 多吃水果，对你有好处。 Do you think talking to her would do some good? 你不觉得和她谈一谈会有用吗？ for good ( and all ) 永远，永久 This time shes leaving for good. 她这次走是再也不会回来了。 up to no good 做坏事，淘气 Those kids are always up to no good. 那些孩子尽会恶作剧二、重点短语1.in recognition of 承认，认可 He received the award in recognition of his success over the past year. 他受到了奖励，这是对他过去一年的成绩的肯定。 recognition n. 认出，认识，识别；承认，认可 He glanced briefly towards her but there was no sign of recognition . 他瞥了她一眼，但她似乎没认出来。 to seek international / official / formal recognition 寻求国际上的/ 官方的/正式的认可 to change beyond/ out of (all) recognition 变得面目全非，沧海桑田The town has changed beyond recognition since I was last here. 自从我上次离开这里以来，这座小镇已经变得让人认不出来了。2. put into prison 把投入监狱，使坐牢 be in prison 在坐牢 3. practice makes perfect 熟能生巧in practice 实际上，事实上in / out of practice 勤于/疏于练习 4. for the taking 供自由拿取 三、委婉语1. man in the street 平民，老百姓，普通人 亦作 “ man on the street ”The man in the street is opposed to the idea. 老百姓反对这种想法。Politicians often dont understand the views of the man in the street. 政治家通常不理解老百姓的观点。 as one man 同心协力；协调一致 be sbs man 最适合的人；最佳人选 every man for himself 人各为己；各人自扫门前雪 be your own man / woman 独立自主； The streets are paved with gold. 遍地都是黄金（表示在某地挣钱容易）2. pass away 去世；消逝，消失His mother passed away last year. 他母亲去年去世了。Civilizations that have passed away 不复存在的文明死亡委婉语to be asleep in the arms of God（安睡在上帝的怀抱中）to be safe in the Arms of Jesus（在耶稣的怀抱中安然无恙）to be at peace（处于平静状态）to be at rest（在休息）to be brought to ones last home （被送回老家）to be gathered to ones fathers（见老祖宗去）to be taken to paradise（被带进天堂）to meet ones maker（去见造物主）to join the angels（加人天使行列）to return to the dust（归人尘土）to cross over(进入来世)、to go to ones long home(入墓)，last round up(送终)等。 pass by 经过 I saw the procession pass by. 我看见队伍走过。The procession passed right by my front door. 队伍就在我家门前经过。 pass sb./sth by 未影响（某人/ 某事） she feels that life is passing her by（= that she is not enjoying the opportunities and pleasures of life）. 她觉得生活与她形同陌路。（未能从生活中得到乐趣与机会。） pass sth down 使世代相传，流传 knowledge which has been passed down over the centuries . 世代相传的知识 pass sth. on (to sb. ) 转交，（用后）递给，传给 Pass the book on to me when you have finished. 那本书你看完给我。 I passed your message on to my mother. 我把你的口信传给我妈了。 pass sb. over 不考虑提升某人 He was passed over on favour of a younger man. 他未被擢升，却提拔了一个比他年轻的人。 pass through 路过，经过 We came to say hello as we were passing through. 我们路经此镇，顺便来看你。 pass sth. up 放弃，放过 Imagine passing up an offer like that. 真想不到居然放弃人家提供的大好机会。3. on ones last legs 奄奄一息，行将就木 My car is on its last legs it keeps breaking down. 我的汽车快不行了，总出毛病。have the last laugh （对竞争者，批评者等）取得最后的胜利the last minute/ moment （重大事件等前的）最后一刻，紧要关头Dont leave your decision to the last moment. 别等到最后一刻才作决定。We always leave our packing to / till the last moment. 我们总是到临行前才收拾行李。the last/ final straw 终于使人不堪忍受的最后一件事/因素last but not least 最后但同样重要的Last but not least, Id like to thank all the catering staff. 最后但同样重要的是，我要感谢所有的餐饮工作人员.补充材料：委婉语作为一种语言现象，源自禁忌。在许多社会里，由于文化、宗教、政治、习俗等方面的原因，人们要回避许多事物，不能从事许多行为，这些就形成了人们通常所说的社会禁忌。在人们的日常交往过程中，由于它们的名称也不能提及，因此逐步发展成为语言禁忌。然而，由于种种原因，人们又无法完全回避它们。这时候，人们只好以其它语言表达方式间接地代替它们。这些替代语言表达手段即委婉语。委婉语的英文是euphemism，源于古希腊语。前缀eu的意思是good、well或sounding well；词根phemism的意思是speech，整个字面意义是“words of good omen”（吉利之语）或“good speech”（优雅的说法）。因此，牛津高级词典将委婉语解释为“用一种令人愉快的、听起来顺耳的、委婉有礼的词语来代替令人不快的、听起来刺耳的词语”（example of the use of pleasant，mild of indirect words or phrases in place of more accurate or direct ones）。委婉语的使用，无形中掩盖了事实，因此难怪有人把委婉语称为cosmetic word（化妆词汇），这正符合了英国学者Leech提出的言语交际的礼貌原则。在人们的交往过程中，有些词语使人尴尬，惹人不快，招人厌恶或令人恐惧，如果直接表达出来，给人的印象是粗俗、生硬、刺耳、无礼。如果间接地表达出来则含蓄、中听、悦耳、有礼。由于委婉语具有较强的说服力，拥有很好的修饰效果所以遍及生活中的各个层次，各个角落，倍受人们喜爱。委婉语也已成为英语文化中不可割舍的一部分。现补充些许生活中常见的委婉语：原 称 委 婉 语trash collector拾垃圾者 sanitation engineer，或者environment engineer环卫工程师gardener花匠 landscape architect风景建筑师servant佣人 domestic engineer家务工程师road-sweeper or dustman扫大街的 cleaning operative清洁工人garbage man垃圾处理工 sanitation engineer卫生工程师foreigner labour外国劳工 guest worker butcher屠夫 meat technologist肉类技术专家traveling salesman推销员 sales representative销售代表pickpocket扒手 a five fingers五指全能者 robber拦路贼 gentleman of the road大路男子 fence销赃人 a shifter搬运工heroin海洛因 hero of the underground地下英雄 drug pusher毒品贩子 the candy man糖果商student strike学生罢课 student unrest学生不安aggression赤裸裸的侵略 police action警察行动retreat打了败仗撤退 adjustment of the front战线调整massacre血腥屠杀 search and clear搜索与清除war exercise战争演习 war games战争游戏cancer癌症 big C大写字母或long illness syphilis梅毒和 AIDS艾滋病 social disease社会疾病 Tuberculosis肺结核 lung trouble肺部毛病pneumonia肺炎 the old mans friend老年之友mad疯子、精神病 a little confused有点反常，神志迷乱deaf聋子 hard of hearing听力有困难fat胖子 weight-watcher观察体重的人另外，学校老师为了让学生及家长在心理上能够承受，用a bit slow（反应有点慢）代替stupid（愚蠢），用need help（需要帮助）代替cheat in the exam（考试作弊），用should devote more diligently to study（学习应该再努力些）代替lazy（懒惰）等。7