虚拟语气用法详解.doc

河高高三英语语法专题讲练——虚拟语气用法
编制人：唐明兰 审核人：郭春林 序号：3 班级： 姓名： 小组：
 一、 条件句中的虚拟语气
条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。
时间
从句谓语形式
主句谓语形式
现在
did (be 用 were)
would / should / might / could + do
过去
had done
would / should / might / could have done

将来
did (be用were)
should + do
were to do

would / should / might / could + do
(1)现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
If he were free, he would help us.。
If he studied at this school, he would know you well.
(2)过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it.
If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果
(3)将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：
If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time.
If he were to come here, he would tell us about it.
注意：
1. 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were, should, had 时，if 可省略，而将 were, should, had等词置于句首。如：
Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.
Were she here, she would agree with us.
Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.
2. 错综时间虚拟语气
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
If I were you, I would have gone to the theatre last night.
If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.
 二、 宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1．表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) + 原形动词。这些动词可归纳记忆为“I drop caps”这一形式，即：insist, demand, request, require, recommend, order, persist, command, advise, propose, suggest等。
The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here.

注意：
①当insist的意思为：坚决认为，坚持说；suggest的意思为：表明，暗含，暗示等时，宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。如：
Tom insisted that he hadn’t stolen the watch.
His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam.
②表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的名词充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语时，表语从句及同位语从句都须用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) + 动词原形。如：
We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help.
His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully.
2. wish 之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：
表示所发生的时间
虚拟语气结构
现在
过去时(be 用were )
过去
had done
将来
would / could / might / should + 原形动词
例如：
I wish I learnt English well. 我希望我已学好了英语。
I wish I had been there with them last week. 我希望上周跟他们一起在那儿。
He wishes we could go and play games with him. 他希望我们能去跟他做游戏。
注意：as if/though, if only后虚拟语气使用情况和wish一样。
3. would rather,之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：
表示所发生的时间
虚拟语气结构
现在/将来
过去时(be 用were )
过去
had done
I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。
I’d rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。
We’d rather you went here tomorrow. 我们倒想你明天去那儿。
三、主语从句中的虚拟语气
在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的主语从句中常使用虚拟语气，其虚拟语其的结构为： should + 动词原形，此时译为“竟然”
句型：
(1) It is important / strange / necessary / natural …that…
(2) It is a pity / a shame / no wonder…. that…
(3) It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed /…. that …
如：It is important that we should do well in our lessons first.
It is strange that he should not come. 很奇怪，他竟没有来。
It is a pity that we should not meet last night. 真遗憾我们昨天晚上没有见过面。
四、特殊情况
1. 表示：“早该做某事了”时，从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + 动词原形。如：
It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。
It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。
2. 副词or, otherwise，介词with, without, but for等可替代条件句，引起虚拟语气。
I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.
But for your help, we wouldn’t have finished the work so soon.

虚拟语气练习题精选
1. Had it not been for the heavy fog, you ___________________________（就看到了美丽的塔）in the distance easily last Tuesday. (see)
2. What a pity! We’d rather ____________________ (我们听取了)our teacher’s advice yesterday. (take)
3. With a little more care you ___________________________(能避免) this traffic accident. (avoid)
4. When the police took the suspect to the police station，he insisted that he_______________________________ (没偷) the lady’s purse and that he______ (释放). (steal, set)
5. How I wish I ___________________________ (被录取了) the key university. (admit).
6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ___________________ (断了). (break)
7.Many coal mine accidents___________________________(本来可以避免的）if we had followed the strict safety rules.(avoid)
8.Look what mistakes I’ve made, If only I___________________________(听你的劝告).(follow)
9. ___________________________(万一你被解雇), your health care and other benefits will not
be immediately cut off.(fire)
10.The suggestion that the mayor________发奖)has been accepted by everyone.(present)
11. It is high time that we_______________________ (采取措施) protect the environment. (measure)
12. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we __________________（就会参观）more places of interest yesterday.
（2012福建卷）
13.If_______我没有喝)alcohol last night. I could have driven my car home. (drink)(2011湖北卷)
14. Had we not used an out-of-date train schedule, we ___________________________the train.(miss) (2012湖北卷)
要不是用了一张过期的列车时刻表，我们就不会误了火车。
15. Most believe he ______________________ for England last week, but for a serious injury which put him out of football.(play) （2013湖北卷）
多数人认为，要不是受了重伤而告别足球，上周他本会为英格兰踢球的。
1. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.
A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished
2. He is talking so much about America as if he _____ there.
A. had been B. has been C. was D. has gone
3. The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.
A. did; set B. had done; should be set
C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set
4. I suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____ .
A. can; it B. /; / C. would; it D. may; /
5. The order came that the medical supplies _____ to Beijing for the Sars soon.
A. would be sent B. should send C. be sent D. must be sent
6. It is important that we _____ wild animals.
A will protect B. should protect C. shall protect D. are protecting
7. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.
A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been
8. _____ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving
C. Were he to leave D. If he leave
9. Should it rain, the crops _____ .
A. would be saved B. would have been saved
C. will be saved D. had been saved
10. He treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.
A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were
11. I _____ you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then.
A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent
12. If only I _____ my watch!
A. hadn’t lost B. haven’t lost C. didn’t lost D. don’t lose
13. We _____ the work on time without your help.
A. hadn’t had finished B. didn’t have finished
C. couldn’t have finished D. can’t have finished
14. --- “What will you do during the summer holiday?”
--- “I don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”
A. I’m deciding B. I’ll decide C. I decided D. I decide
15. I’m glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .
A. I may have failed B. I’d fail C. I’d have failed D. I’ll have failed

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