英语语法专题-句子成分.doc

英语语法专题-句子成分分析
句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即__________和___________,这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括_______,_________,__________,__________,_________,__________。句子成分是句子中起一定功能作用的组成部分。

1、主语：是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用_______,_________,或________担任，一般放在________。
①We are friends.
②Students are studying in the classroom.
充当主语的形式：_______,_________,__________，__________,_____________。
注意：非谓语动词作主语时谓语动词用单数。
③Eating vegetables ______(be) good for your health.
④To see is to believe.
句型:It’s important/necessary/difficut/hard (for sb) to do sth.
It在此句型中充当___________。

2、谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用_____或________充当，放在主语_______。
观察例句①和②的谓语部分，例句①的谓语are叫做________,例句②的谓语study叫做_______。
注意：助动词和情态动词不能单独充当谓语。
⑤I can speak English.
⑥You must do your homework now.
⑦I do believe you..
⑧I don’t believe you.

3、宾语：表示行为的对象，常用_______或_________充当，放在_________或_________之后。
观察例句⑥⑦⑨。
⑨I play with you.
句型：sb find/think it difficult/important/necessary to do sth.
It在此句型中充当__________。
⑩My teacher told me that I passed my exam.
例句⑩含有一个________从句。

4、定语：是用来说明或限定名词的成分，常用________或___________或____________担任。
__________ 放在名词之前，_____________或_________放在名词的后面。
①It is a green tree.
②He is a tall boy of 16 years old.=He is a tall boy who is 16 years old.

5、状语：是用来说明动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分，常用_______担任，修饰动词时可以放在动词______,也可放在动词_______;修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。
③The students study hard.
④I often write to him.
⑤The bag is too heavy
注意：说明动作“何时”，“何地”，“如何”发生，或者说明形容词或副词的程度，一般由副词，介词短语，不定式，状语从句充当。
⑥You must get up early to catch the first bus.
⑦If it doesn’t rain, I will go to the cinema.
⑧He got up so early that he caught the first bus.

6、补语：补充说明。
主语补语：Tom was made monitor.
宾语补语：补充说明宾语的_______,__________,常用名词，形容词，动词非谓语形式，介词短语等充当。
⑨I made Tom monitor.
⑩Ask her to come to dinner tomorrow.

7、表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由_______或________担任。表语只能放在连系动词之后。
（如：be,look,become,turn,get,grow,feel,seem等）
①This table is long.
②I am a teacher.
③When I get old, I want to live in countryside.

8、同位语：对被修饰对象进行补充说明或进一步解释。
④Li Lei, my former classmate, is now a manager in a company.
⑤We students should respect every teacher.

通常情况下，主语和宾语前的成分是定语，谓语前的成分是状语，时间词作状语放在句子后面。句子的成分分布如下：
（定语） 主语 （状语） 谓语 （定语） 宾语 （状语）
⑥（The tall）boy (often) goes (to the big) zoo.
⑦(The happy) child went home (yesterday).

请分析下面句子的结构说出各个成分。(Group discussion)
1.I have two elder sisters.
2.They don’t swim very well.
3.Do you go to school every day?
4.I really want a cup of tea.
5.Mr Zhang teaches biology very well.
6.We’ll sit nearer the front so that we can hear better.
7.Though it’s raining, they are still working in the classroom.
8.If you like Beijing opera, a theatre is a good place to go.
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