中考英语被动语态完全手册.doc

中考英语被动语态完全手册
一、语态概述
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。
例如：ManypeoplespeakEnglish.
谓语：speak的动作是由主语manypeople来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：Englishisspokenbymanypeople.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念；而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，从而是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。
例如：Heopenedthedoor.他开了门。(主动句)
Thedoorwasopened.门被开了。(被动句)
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught
一般过去时：was／were＋taught
一般将来时：will／shallbe＋taught
现在进行时：am／is／arebeing＋taught
过去进行时：have／hasbeen＋taught
现在完成时：have／hasbeen＋taught
歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。
三、被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如：Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.
一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.这本书出版于1981年。
(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：thewindowwasbrokenbyMike.窗户是迈克打破的。
Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.这本书是他写的。
Eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。
歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；
动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)
(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：
Allthepeoplelaughedathim.
Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.
Theymakethebikesinthefactory.
Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.
歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。
谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”，原来带to要保留。例如：
Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.
Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.
Yououghttotakeitaway.
Itoughttobetakenaway.
Theyshoulddoitatonce.
Itshouldbedoneatonce.

被动语态练习题
　 一
　　( ) 1 The People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949.
　　A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found
　　( ) 2 English ____ in Canada.
　　A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken
　　( )3 This English song___ by the girls after class.
　　A. often sings B. often sang
　　C. is often sang D. is often sung
　　( ) 4 This kind of car ___ in Japan.
　　A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made
　　( ) 5 New computers ___ all over the world.
　　A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used
　　 二
　　( ) 1 Our room must ___ clean.
　　A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep
　　( ) 2 -I'd like to buy that coat.
　　-I'm sorry. ___.
　　A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's been sold D. it had been sold
　　( ) 3 A new house ___ at the corner of the road.
　　A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building
　　( ) 4 The key ___ on the table when I leave.
　　A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left
　　( ) 5 Doctors ___ in every part of the world.
　　A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need
　　( ) 6 His new book___ next month.
　　A. will be published B. is publishing
　　C. is being published D. has been published
三
　　( ) 1 Japanese ___ in every country.
　　A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking
　　( ) 2 These papers___ yet.
　　A. have not written B. have not been written
　　C. has not written D. has not been written
　　( ) 3 The sports meet ___ be held until next week.
　　A. didn't B. won't C. isn't D. doesn't
　　 四
　　( ) 1 -My shoes are worn out.
　　A. Can't they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it.
　　C. How much do they cost? D. Can't they mended?
　　( ) 2 ___ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.
　　A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are
　　( ) 3 ___ these desks be needed?
　　A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do
五
　　( ) 1 Why ___ to talk about it yesterday?
　　A. didn't a meeting hold B. wasn't a meeting held
　　C. wasn't held a meeting D. a meeting wasn't held
　　( ) 2 Who was the book___?
　　A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by
　　( ) 3 Where ___ these boxes made?
　　A. was B. were C. is D. am
　　 六
　　( ) 1 The flowers___ often.
　　A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water
　　( ) 2 The books may___ for two weeks.
　　A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow
　　( ) 3 The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.
　　A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended
　　 七
　　( ) 1 The old bridge in my hometown___ next month.
　　A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt
　　C. are going to be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt
　　( ) 2 The play ___ at the theatre next Sunday.
　　A. is going to be shown B. will shown C. will show D. is shown
　　( ) 3 The old stone bridge ___ next week.
　　A. is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild
　　C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild
八
　　( ) 1 Now these magazines___ in the library for a long time.
　　A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept
　　( ) 2 The pot ___ for ___ hot water.
　　A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping
　　C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep
　　( ) 3 Tea ___ in the south of China.
　　A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow
　　( ) 4 The bridges___ two years ago.
　　WO It's a Haidian top problem
　　A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built
　　( ) 5 Wet clothes are often ___ up near a fire in rainy weather.
　　A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung
　　 九
　　( ) 1 The river smells terrible. People must ___ dirty things into it.
　　A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing
　　C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing
　　( ) 2 The teapot ___ water.
　　A. is filled with B. filled of
　　C. fulling of D. filled

　( ) 3 Old people must be looked after well and ___ politely.
　　A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to
　　( ) 4 Old people must ___.
　　A. look after well B. be looked well after
　　C. looked well after D. be looked after well
十
　　( ) 1 Newly-born babies___ in hospital.
　　A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of
　　C. take good care of D. take good care
　　( ) 2 They were___ at the sudden noise.
　　A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens
　　( ) 3 These walls___ stone.
　　A. are made of B. made of u C. are made into D. made into
　　 十一
　　( ) 1 Jane ___ to sing us an American song last Saturday.
　　A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said
　　( ) 2 The papers ___ to them.
　　A. were shown B. show C. shown / D. have shown
　　( ) 3 The coat___ her sister.
　　A. made to B. were made for C. was made for D. was made to
　　 十二
　　( ) 1 I ___ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.
　　A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given
　　( ) 2 Good care____ such things.
　　A. should take of B. should be taken
　　C. should be taking D. should be taken of
　　( ) 3 She will____ good care____.
　　A. take; of B. be taken; of C. take; for you D. be taken; of you
十三
　　( ) 1 The teacher made him___ his homework.
　　A. to do B. do C. did D. done
　　( ) 2 The boy___ streets without pay in the old days.
　　A. was made to clean B. made clean
　　C. made to clean D. was made clean
　　( ) 3 These children____ dance.
　　A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to
　　 十四
　　( ) 1 These stones___ well.
　　A. are fitted B. fit C. fits D. is fitted
　　( ) 2 The bike ___ 500 yuan.
　　A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed
　　( ) 3 The important meeting ___ on a cold morning last year.
　　A. was had B. was held C. held D. had
　　 十五
　　( ) 1 Great changes___ in the past ten years in China.
　　A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. had taken place
　　( ) 2 You can't use the computer, it____.
　　A. was broken down B. is wrong C. is bad D. has broken down
　　( ) 3 Great changes___ in our country during the past 20 years.
　　A. have happened B. happened C. have been happened D. were happened
　　( ) 4 The watch has often ___ down.
　　A. sat B. lain C. broken D. fell
十六
　　( ) 1 Please pass me another cup. This one___.
　　A. is broken B. is breaking C. broke D. broken
　　( ) 2 The story books___ by the writer in the 1960s.
　　A. are written B. were written
　　C. are writing D. were writing
　　( ) 3 What time ___ the door ___ every day?
　　A. does; closed B. does; close C. is; closed D. /; close
　　 十七
　　( ) 1 Can he ___ himself?
　　A. get dress B. get dressed C. gets dressed D. instead of
　　( ) 2 He fell from his bike and ___.
　　A. is hurt B. gets hurt C. got hurt D. hurt
　　( ) 3 Lookout, please keep away from the fire, or your trousers will__
　　A. burnt B. burn C. burning D. get burn
十八
　　( ) 1 The apple___ very sweet.
　　A. is tasted B. taste -C. tastes D. are tasting
　　( ) 2 You___ more beautiful in the light blue shirt.
　　A. see B. watch C look D. look at
　　( ) 3 What you said ___. like a good idea.
　　A. heard B. listened C. sound D. sounded

十九
　　( ) 1 -What do you think of the TV play?
　　-Wonderful. It is worth___ a second time.
　　A. watching B. watched C. seen D. seeing
　　( ) 2 How dirty the tables are! They need___.
　　A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned
　　( ) 3 The book is worth ___.
　　A. seeing B. reading C. seen D. read

初中英语语法被动语态练习题答案：
　　1. 1-5 B D D D C
　　2. 1-6 B C B B C A
　　3. 1-3 A B B
　　4. 1-3 A B A
　　5. 1-3 B D B
　　6. 1-3 B A D
　　7. 1-3 A B A
　　8. 1-5 D B B C D
　　9. 1-4 B A D D
　　10. 1-3 B B A
　　11. 1-3 B A C
　　12. 1-3 D D B
　　13. 1-3 B A A
　　14. 1-4 B C B
　　15. 1-4 B D A C
　　16. 1-3 A B C
　　17. 1-3 B C D
　　18. 1-3 C C D
　　19. 1-3 A C B

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