美语的发音规则.doc

美语的发音规则
重读。通常句中的实义词（名词、实义动词、数词等）是句子的关键词，携带重要信息应重读。如在"You have finished the job."一句中，"finished"和"job"一般重读；有时为表达特定的含义，把重读放在本不该重读的词上。如上一句话，把重音放在"have" 上，则含有说话人未料到你已完成了工作的意思。

弱读。英语中的介词、冠词、连词等虚词有两种读音：一种为强读形式，用于单念和连贯言语；另一种为弱读形式，用于言语的轻读。轻读表现在元音的弱化上，如"at"[?t]弱化为[эt]。口语中语气越随便，语流越快，弱化现象越频繁，也就越难懂。

同化。一个音受临音影响而变化的现象就是同化。如辅音[d]与[j]相邻时，被同化为[dэ]，辅音[t]与[j]相邻时，被同化为[t∫]。

英美发音差异。英美发音体系不尽相同，在某些方面差异很大。如当字母a位于辅音[s]、[θ]、[f]、[m]、[n]前时，美音为[?]，英音为 [a]；在英音中，字母"r"只有在元音前是才发音，在元音后一般不发音，而美音中，一般均发卷舌音[r]；字母组合"wh"在英音中，为[w]，美音则为[hw]等。

五大发音要点
我们将复杂的（complicated）语音规则总结成五大发音要点，使一般人都能掌握（master）。
它们是：长元音和双元音饱满；短元音急促有力；连音；略音和咬舌头。
一、长元音和双元音饱满
鬼鬼祟祟的英文就是鬼鬼祟祟（sneaky; lousy）的元音造成的！只要把元音发饱满（full; plump）,你的英语立刻会变得悦耳动听。那些英美流行歌手就是元音饱满的典范！
1. Mike likes to write by the nice bright light at night.
2. Macao came back to China in 1999.
3. I like the shape of that mountain. 〔包含了四个容易混淆的元音〕
二、短元音急促有力
4. Jim must study a little bit more.
5. Let's get together again.
三、连音
6. I'm working on-it.
7. I'll think-it-over.
四、略音
第一条规则：以某音结尾的单词+同音开始的单词--只发一次即可！
8. You ate-too much.
9. I don't know what-to-do. 〔两个辅音连接，只读后一个〕
第二条规则：以〔t〕，〔d〕，〔k〕，〔g〕，〔p〕和〔b〕+以辅音开始的单词前面的发音“点到为止”，舌头达到发音中位，但不送气！
10. Lend-me your black-bag.
11. I don't-like-people asking me for money.
12. Do you want-that-magazine?
13. Do you need-that-pencil?
14. Ask-Bob-to sit-behind-me.
15. Would you mind-giving me that-red-book?
五、咬舌头
16. There are thirty-three thousand three hundred and thirty-three feathers on that bird's throat.
17. Neither father nor mother likes this weather.
18. It's the same thing.
19. Something is better than nothing.
20. Father and mother went through thick and thin.

地道美国味速成
最能体现“美国味”的发音都集中在下面的句子中。其实做到很容易，只要你在练习的时候，尽量夸张（overdo, exaggerate）你的发音和口型，尽量放纵，尽量发泄尽量慢，尽量拉长你的元音，并一口气读完整个句子。
第一、 我们来看[A]，俗称“疯狂90度咧嘴”音。
21. That black lad was very sad because his dad had died in a bad accident in the factory.
22. You shouldn't have done that.
23. A: What's the〔matter〕, Alice? You look so〔unhappy〕.
B: I〔had〕a〔bad〕day yesterday.
A: What〔happened〕?
B I went shopping〔and〕lost my〔bag〕.
A: Your〔bag〕? Did you get it〔back〕?
B: I went 〔back〕for it. But it was already gone.
A: 〔That's〕too 〔bad〕. I'm sorry to hear 〔that〕.
第二、我们来看[i:]，俗称穿针引线。
24. Do you see the key on the seat?
第三、[Bi]，俗称爱的大嘴音。
25. It's inside my mouth.
26. Would you mind a little less noise?
27. How nice of you to do that?
28. He speaks very highly of you.
29. I'd drive five miles on Friday night to see a fight that I like.
第四、下面是一个，典型的美国特有的大嘴发音[B]。元音字母O在重读闭音节中，美音和英音有不同的发音。这是英美发音重大差别之一。这个音我们俗称为“啊，祖国的大好河山”疯狂感叹音。
30. Do what you want.
31. Where is the〔watch〕I put in my〔pocket〕to take to the (shop) because it had〔stopped〕.
32. I was〔sorry〕to hear your had news.
33. Do you often〔watch〕television?
34. I'll〔watch〕the baby while you're away.
35. I know〔what〕you mean.
36. Try to finish the job as soon as〔possible〕.
37. I've〔got〕a job for you, 〔wash〕these dishes.
38. Thank god you're safe!
39. You go first and I'll follow (you) later.
40. It's a very popular song.
第五、[，俗称舀水动作。
41. He's one of my closest friends.
42. We're hoping to visit the US this year.
43. After this dry weather, everyone hopes for rain.
44. The White House is the home of the President and his family.
45. When his wife died, he was very lonely.
46. Let me show you the photographs from my vacation.
第六、[BU ]，俗称啊噢鬼哭狼嚎大嘴音。
47. Get out of my house now.
48. How about going downtown now?
49. I'm so proud of you.
50. No doubt about it.
第七、[Ci]，俗称大小奥一音。
51. I was annoyed at the boy for spoiling the toy which belonged to Joy.

中国发音习惯大突破
下面我们来疯狂攻击辅音。因为中国各种方言影响根深蒂固，使得我们很多朋友有着顽固的发音障碍。
[l]和[n]
52. I like listening to classical and light music.
53. It's nice moonlight tonight.]
[r]和[l]
54. Foreign languages are really difficult to learn.
55. We are terribly sorry for being late.
[F]和[V]
[F]可以用汉字师傅尸体诗歌潮湿失恋来代替。
*English *fish *wash *foolish
56. You are foolish to say so. =It is foolish to say so.
57. You must be patient with your students.
[V]可以用日来帮助发音。
*pleasure *measure *treasure *usual *leisure
58. She spends much of her leisure time watching TV.
59. Reading gives me great pleasure.
[tF]和[dV]
[tF]可以用汉字气来训练。
*China *chair *chance *challenge *choice *charge
60. I changed my mind.
61. He charged five dollars for the cups.
[dV]可以用汉字“举”来训练。但是只发前半部分，轻轻地，温柔地发。
*bridge *change *encourage *age *edge *manage
62. My uncle manages the hotel
63. She looks old for her age.
[ts]和[dz]
[ts]可以用“雌”来帮助发音。
*coats *roots *its *plates *let's
[dz]可以用“儿子”“滋润”“姿色”“艾滋病”来帮助发音。
*foods *beds *birds *buds
[n],[l]和[m]
[m]是闭嘴音。
64. To speak English well, you must move your mouth and murmur to yourself all the time.
[n]开嘴应答音。
65. It will be fun to go camping.
[N]开嘴撒娇音，气流要向鼻腔和头部上冲，舌身后缩。
Thank you.
66. Everything is going fine.
67. Nothing special!
68. She looks angry.
最后我们来攻击美国发音的另外一个最大特点：疯狂卷舌头。
69. Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.
70. World War Two was worse than World War One.
71. Chinese people had a hard time during the Second World War.
综合训练
我们有一系列简易行的手势（gesture sign），使你迅速掌握美国英语发音的秘诀，迅速摆脱中国式英语的痕迹。
下面是综合训练，请同学们拿出你的激情和我们一起疯狂的做手势。
72. No pain, no gain.
73. We should keep our promise.
74. He should speak more slowly.
75. Girls should not stay out late at night.
76. I've really enjoyed talking to you about old time.
77. You should have gone to see the doctor earlier.
78. I had a test this morning. I didn't do well on the test because I didn't study for it last night. I should have studied last night.
79. We went to the movie, but it was a bad movie. We wasted our time and money. We should not have gone to the movie.
80. I have been looking forward to [meeting] you.
81. I have been hoping to see you for a long time.
82. A: What are you planning to do?
B: I'm hoping to go to China.
健康减肥
下面和我一起来摸肚子，收小腹，促进健康又减肥！
*city(城市) *better（更好） *dinner（正餐，晚餐）
*ready(准备好) *busy（忙） *beautiful（美丽的）
*begin(开始) *believe（相信） *black（黑色的）
*civilization（文明） *clever（聪明的） *develop（发展）
*different（不同的） *efficient（有效的） *finish（完成）
*football（橄榄球） *gesture（手势） *headmaster（校长）
*illegal (不合法的) *jump(跳跃) *knowledge(知识)
*lipstick(口红) *medicine(药) *minute(分钟)
*nonsense(胡说八道) *pleasure(愉快) *quality(质量)
*relationship(私人关系) *relax(放松) *something(某事)
*step by step(渐渐的) *terrible(可怕的) *trust(信任)
*understand(理解) *visit(参观访问) *welcome(欢迎)
*a zigzag path(蜿蜒的小径) *yesterday(昨天)
83. Business is business.
84. It is your business to take care of them.
85. He went into business at the age of ten.
86. He went to Japan on business.
绕口令
绕口令（tongue twister）可以帮助大家集中轰炸难点发音，迅速获得发音真谛！
87. She sells sea shells on the shining seashore, and shells she sells on the seashore are seashells I am sure.