高二学考英语完形填空的解题技巧.doc

高二学考英语完形填空的解题技巧
南宁市英华学校高中部 蒋冰

课型:
本节是高二英语学考完形填空的一个专题复习课型。
学情分析:
本节的授课对象是高二（7）班学生。
1．部分学生基础知识较为薄弱，缺乏对语篇的理解和逻辑推理能力。
2．个别学生的思维活动、表现欲望和合作精神在平时的教学中表现很好。
3．经过对月考、模考的得分情况分析，学生在完形填空题中得分率较低，大部分学生只凭感觉做题，还欠缺做题技巧，同时学生对完形填空有畏惧心理，信心不足。
立标（Aims）
复习目标：
了解历届会考完形填空的题型特点，帮助学生形成正确清晰的解题思路，掌握有效的解题技巧增强备考的信心。
教学重点：
完形填空常用的四种解题技巧在实践中的熟悉运用。
教学难点：
培养学生在特定的语境中综合运用语言的能力。
教学方法: 探究法；归纳法；演绎法；自主学习与合作学习的方法等。
自学（Self-learning）
（设计说明：先让学生自学，了解历届会考英语完形填空的命题特点及考点，使他们从整体上对会考英语完形填空有初步的了解。）
最近五年会考完形填空体裁与话题统计表
体裁、话题
年份
体裁
话题

2013.12
以第三人称为主的说明文
介绍著名美国作家
2013.1
以第一人称为主，夹叙夹议
狗的感人故事
2012.1
以第一人称为主，夹叙夹议
爸爸的礼物的力量
2011.1
以第一人称为主，夹叙夹议
妈妈让我学会独立
2010.1
以第一人称为主的记叙文
商店购物
最近五年会考完形填空词类考查统计表
词类

年份
实词
虚词
合计
动词
名词
形容词
副词
代词
介词
连词
(题量)
2013.12
3
2
3
0
1
0
1
10
2013.1
3
3
1
1
1
0
1
10
2012.1
3
2
1

1
1
2
10
2011.1
3
1
4

1
0
1
10
2010.1
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
10
一、会考英语完形填空考纲解读
完形填空全面考查学生的语言知识、阅读理解能力和总体语言水平。解题过程是对语篇中的缺失信息进行猜测、推断、验证的过程，通常我们可以借助语篇的上下文线索以及文化背景知识等进行解题。
二、近几年会考完形填空的主要特点
1. 辨析词义，以实词为主。
2. 突出语篇，强调应用，注重交际。
3. 体裁多为记叙文，且第一句不设空。
解疑（Explanation）
（设计说明：学生先练习各考点会考题组，然后学生分组讨论、学习、解释答案并归纳解题技巧。对于难理解的题，老师适当解疑，让课堂实现生生互动、师生互动。）
三、完形填空的常用解题技巧归纳
1. 策略： 根据上下文语境解题
(1) We have two apple trees in our backyard. Prana, our dog, loves 32 . When she goes outside, she usually grabs(抓住) a dirty apple from the ground to eat later on. ( 2013.1会考)
32. A. banana B. oranges C. pear D. apples
(2) There were no classes that afternoon, so Henry went to a 31 shop near his home. The shop sold many jackets. ( 2010.1会考)
31. A. fruit B. book C. food D. clothing
2. 策略： 根据文化背景和生活常识解题
(1) Although it was only autumn, everything outside was covered in white. Unexpectedly, we were hit with a big 31 and no one was prepared. ( 2013.1会考)
31. A. flood B. earthquake C. snowstorm D. rainstorm
(2) England is a country with bad 36 . It is often cloudy or misty(多雾的), and it 37 often. So the people there don’t get much sunshine in the whole year. ( 2003会考)
36. A. food B. earth C. air D. weather
37. A. rains B. snows C. shines D. blows
3. 策略： 根据行文逻辑推理解题
(1) When Walt Disney was a young man, he wanted to be an artist. He tried again and again, 36 still he was unsuccessful. He didn’t lose heart. He continued to draw lots of pictures.
36. A. and B. because C. though D. but ( 2002会考)
4. 策略： 根据词语的习惯用法和固定搭配解题
(1) The next day, one of the stations phoned the Nanchang Railway station, telling them that the 36 (watch) had been found. A school boy saw it on the railway-bed on his way home after school. He 37 it up and handed it to his teacher. ( 2009会考)
37. A. looked B. got C. woke D. picked
练习（Practice）
（设计说明：要求学生限时独立完成2013年12月英语会考完形填空真题。在做题时尽量使用所学的解题技巧。培养学生在特定的语境中综合运用语言的能力。）
四、实战练习
（2013.12会考）
Do you know something about Jack London?
Jack London was a famous American writer. He 31 born on January 12, 1876, in
San Francisco, California. His family was very poor, 32 Jack had to leave school to make 33 . He worked hard in many different jobs.
Later, Jack returned to school, but he didn’t stay long. He wrote, “ Life and pocketbooks (袖珍书) were both too short.”
In 1897, he 34 to Alaska to find gold. Instead, he found ideas there for his books and 35 . He returned home and began to write. His writings were 36 popular that they 37 well, and he became 38 and famous in his twenties.
However, Jack London was not a 39 man. In poor health, he killed 40 in 1916. He was only forty years old.
Although Jack London has passed away, he will be remembered by everyone as a famous writer.
31. A. is B. were C. was D. are
32. A however B. but C. and D. because
33. A. money B. fire C. friends D. dumplings
34. A. comes B. went C. goes D. flies
35. A. shops B. houses C. cars D. stories
36. A. so B. such C. as D. little
37. A. sell B. sold C. were sold D. sells
38. A. poor B. beautiful C. rich D. sad
39. A. happy B. ugly C. thin D. fat
40. A. us B. them C. him D. himself
自测小结：我做对了 题，太棒了！我不小心做错了 题，没关系，还有上升空间，加油！
【读后自主学习】
1. 短语互译
① leave school ② 挣钱
③ 淘金 ④ in his twenties
⑤ 如此…以致于… ⑥ pass away
2. 句子理解
① Jack London was a famous American writer.

② Later, Jack returned to school, but he didn’t stay long.

③ Although Jack London has passed away, he will be remembered by everyone as
a famous writer.

五、课后探究（homework）
（设计说明：要求学生课后再认真回顾和归纳本节所学的常用的学考英语完形填空的解题技巧，完成会考真题，进一步巩固所学知识。）

（2013.1会考）
Although it was only autumn, everything outside was covered in white. Unexpectedly, we were hit with a big 31 and no one was prepared.
We have two apple trees in our backyard. Prana, our dog, loves 32 . When she goes outside, she usually grabs（抓住）a dirty apple from the ground to eat later on. Prana knows that when she brings her treasure into the house, I am not always happy, 33 she tries to hide it from me. It is our little game.
On the day that it snowed too early in the season, Prana ran 34 in a hurry and I 35 her from the window. I noticed that she was 36 lots of holes and bringing out the apples buried（埋）beneath the snow. 37 seemed to be determined to dig up as many apples as she could.
But when she came back inside, she brought back only one. About five minutes later, I looked outside. The yard was completely covered with birds. Prana had 38 all those apples for her bird friends to eat. She knew that they hadn’t prepared 39 food for the early winter!
This beautiful act of unconditional love from a (an) 40 taught me what real kindness was.
31. A. flood B. earthquake C. snowstorm D. rainstorm
32. A. bananas B. oranges C. pears D. apples
33. A. as B. so C. but D. or
34. A. outside B. inside C. upstairs D. downstairs
35. A. met B. called C. watched D. heard
36. A. hiding B. finding C. cutting D. digging
37. A. She B. I C. They D. We
38. A. ate up B. dug up C. looked up D. used up
39. A. hot B. cold C. enough D. cheap
40. teacher B. animal C. friend D. bird

自测小结：我做对了 题，太棒了！我不小心做错了 题，没关系，还有上升空间，加油！

板书设计
高二学考英语完形填空的解题技巧
Learning Guide for Cloze Test

考点：名、动、形、副、代、连、介
4种常用的完形填空的解题技巧
策略1： 根据上下文语境解题
策略2： 根据文化背景和生活常识解题
策略3： 根据行文逻辑推理解题
策略4： 根据词语的习惯用法和固定搭配解题

评价（Evaluation）
（设计说明：要求学生对本节所学的知识进行归纳小结，并认真填写学生学习活动评价表。通过学生学习活动评价表了解学生的学习情况以便及时调整今后的教学方向。）
1．本节学生自我小结：
四种常用的完形填空的解题技巧
① 根据________ ___ __确定答案。②根据________ ___ __确定答案。
③ 根据 确定答案。④根据________ ___ __确定答案。
附：
学生学习活动评价设计

Evaluation
I have mastered some words and expressions in this lesson.
5
4
3
2
1
I can understand the reading passage.
5
4
3
2
1
I can speak fluently in the discussion and the debate.
5
4
3
2
1
I can learn some skills of Close Test.
5
4
3
2
1
I can share my ideas and cooperate with other classmates.
5
4
4
2
1
Reflection（反思）:
I need more practice in:
I would like to know more about ___________________                 
What can you do to improve yourself in English learning ?
1
1

2．教学反思：
本节课根据英华学校“五步教学法”及学生的学情设计了本学案。让学生了解历届学考完形填空的题型特点，帮助学生形成正确清晰的解题思路，掌握有效的解题技巧，增强备考的信心。整节课体现了新课标的教学理念，坚持以学生为中心，培养学生的自主学习能力。大部分学生能在老师的引导下参与课堂活动，与老师互动较好。但如何调动一些学困生的学习积极性，让他们能主动参与课堂活动有待提高。
解答完形填空是一个综合训练的过程，一个能力提高的过程，更是一个循序渐进的过程。学生要大量反复地实践练习。所以，在平时的教学中要努力做好以下方面：
1、注重阅读教学，提高阅读能力。平时在英语阅读教学时，应侧重于基础知识的积累，文章句子与句子之间，段落与段落之间的层次关系以及段落之间的思维逻辑方面与语言形式方面的内在联系。
2、扩大词汇量，加强巩固语法知识。学生要记住积极词汇问题不大，但是要在考试中认出所记住词汇却不容易，这主要是因为识忆词汇在教材中出现的频率不高，学生往往只记住词汇的含义，却缺乏举一反三的运用能力，时间长了会遗忘。因此，需要让学生进行大量阅读，通过阅读领会同一词汇的不同含义，为将来灵活运用这些词汇打下坚实的基础。
3、扩大背景知识，提高阅读技巧。教师应在教学过程中改变自己的学习习惯，树立语篇的概念，从句子入手，注意学习练习成段，连段成章的方法，提高自己在语篇结构上的语法运用能力。
4、课堂讲解，注重学生自主学习。讲解时，最好先让学生通过小组讨论得出正确答案，给学生相互学习的空间。对于难度较大，学生讨论难以解决的题目，再由老师点拨讲解。这样就能收到事半功倍的效果。
7