二十组英语短语二十组正说反说都可以.doc

英语短语二十组 正说反说都可以
刘永科

英语中有这样一些短语：“正说反说都可以”，但它们的意思却大相径庭，结果有些学生经常混淆不清。中学英语中，这类短语大约有20组，在第2单元中就出现了其中3个：at present（与present at比较）， such as（与as such比较），too much（与much too比较）。既然这是一个很有趣的语言现象，那么我们有必要对此做一总结。下面分别举例说明，请老师们参考使用。
1. at present现在，目前 present at出席，参加
It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. 当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。
I don’t have enough money in hand at present. 目前我手头没有足够的资金。
Do you know the girl present at our discussion? 你认识参加我们讨论的那个女孩吗？
How many people were present at the meeting? 会议有多少人出席？
2. much too太，过分 too much过多，太多
(much too的中心词是too, too much的中心词是much。前者修饰形容词或副词，后者修饰名词，或者本身就相当于名词)
You are much too kind to me. 你对我实在太好了。
My classmate was running much too fast, and I couldn’t keep up with him.我同学跑得太快了，我跟不上他。
Don’t take too much medicine. 不要吃太多的药。
He drank too much last night. 昨天晚上他喝得太多了。
3. as much同样地 much as很像；虽然，尽管。
I would do as much for you. 我同样为你这样做。
In our front garden, we will plant flowers, such as roses and peonies. 我们要在前花园种些花，如玫瑰和牡丹。
How can there be things as such? 哪会有这种事?
On farms the fox is considered to be a dangerous animal and treated as such. 在农场里狐狸被当成有危险动物来对待。
7. for good永远地，一劳永逸地 good for适于，对……有益
At last he reached a conclusion --- the old days had gone for good. 他终于得出了结论——过去的日子已经一去不复返了。
He always kicked his sons around; now they've left home for good.
他从不善待儿子们，现在他们都已经离家，再也不回来了。
Too much rich food is not good for you. 吃太多油腻的食物对你的身体不好。
This beach is good for swimming but bad for surfing. 这片海滩宜于游泳，而不适合作冲浪运动。
8. for fear由于害怕，以免 fear for为……担心
She could not speak for fear. 她吓得说不出话来。
We spoke in whispers for fear that we might wake the baby. 我们轻声谈话, 以免吵醒婴儿。
They feared for the lost child. 他们为丢失的孩子担心。
He feared for his son’s safety. 他为他儿子的安全担心。
9. for long长久地，很久地 long for渴望
We cannot survive for long without food and drink. 我们没有食物和饮料就活不了多久。
They can't keep away from their regular work for long. 他们不能长期离开他们的本职工作。
People all over the world long for peace. 全世界的人民都渴望和平。
We always long for what we have already lost. 我们总是渴盼已经失去的东西。
10. in all总共，总之 all in筋疲力尽的；一切包括在内
There are 100 people in all. 一共有100人。

13. on hand 在手边；露面 hand on 转交；传递
She always has her dictionary on hand when she studies. 她学习时总是把词典放在手边。
Mr. Blake's secretary is always on hand when he appears in public. 布雷先生在公开场合露面时，他的秘书总在场。
Will you hand on this telegram to your neighbor? 你把这份电报转交给你的邻居好吗？
Please hand on the magazine to your friends. 请把这本杂志传给你的朋友看。
14. in turn依次，轮流 turn in上交，就寝
They answered the teacher’s questions in turn. 他们依次回答老师的问题。
The three men bowed over her hand in turn. 这三个男人一个跟一个弯腰吻她的手。
Turn in your homework, please. 请把家庭作业交上来。
We usually turn in at nine and get up at six. 我们通常9点钟上床睡觉，6点钟起床。
15. on call随时可用，随叫随到 call on拜访，号召
We should thank the doctor on call at any hour. 我们应感谢那位日夜候诊的医生。
During regular working time, drivers should be on call at any hour. 正常的工作时间内, 司机和车辆应随叫随到。
I had meant to call on you, but I was so busy. 我本想来看你的，但是我太忙了。
The Party called on us to study hard for the people. 党号召我们要为人民努力学习。
16. on fire着火，非常激动 fire on 攻击，射击
He suddenly cried out that the storehouse caught on fire. 他突然叫道仓库着火了。
The villagers were on fire and determined to fight against the attackers. 村里的人情绪激昂，决心与来犯者战斗一场。
The enemy began to fire on the town. 敌人开始炮击那座城镇。
The army was ordered to open fire on the crowd. 军队接到命令,向群众开火。
17. only if只有，只要 if only但愿，要是……就好了
We can succeed only if everyone in the team pulls his weight. 我们全队只有人人各尽所能