中考英语语法.docx

目录（一）中考英语语法精讲精练-名词专题复习1（二）中考英语语法精讲精练-代词专题复习14（三）中考英语语法精讲精练-形容词专题复习32（四）中考英语语法精讲精练-副词专题复习47（五）中考英语语法精讲精练-动词专题复习59（六）中考英语语法精讲精练-动词不定式专题复习69（七）中考英语语法精讲精练-介词专题复习73（八）中考英语语法精讲精练-连词专题复习86（九）中考英语语法精讲精练-动词时态(1)97（十）中考英语语法精讲精练-动词时态(2)106（十一）中考英语语法精讲精练-动词语态专题复习112（十二）中考英语语法精讲精练-句子种类(1)专题复习129（十三）中考英语语法精讲精练-句子种类(2)专题复习134（十四）中考英语语法精讲精练-冠词专题复习138（十五）中考英语语法精讲精练-情态动词专题复习148（十六）中考英语语法精讲精练-数词专题复习158（十七）中考英语语法精讲精练-情景交际专题复习164（十八）中考英语语法精讲精练-宾语从句专题复习178（十九）中考英语语法精讲精练-状语从句专题复习186（二十）中考英语语法精讲精练-定语从句专题复习192（二十一）初中英语语法-被动语态专项练习197（一）中考英语语法精讲精练-名词专题复习First, 名词复数的特殊变化。普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加-s或 -es，可是偏偏有一些名词不听话，变化不规则。这些小调皮是：a. class, box, watch, brush等词以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾，复数要加-es；b. story, factory 等以辅音字母+y结尾的词复数要先将-y 变成-i再加-es；c. knife, wife, life等以-f 或-fe结尾的词一般先将-f或-fe变为-v, 再加-es；d. 以-o结尾的名词，一般来说，末尾是元音字母+o 的词加-s，我们学过的有radio,zoo。末尾是辅音字母+o的词，变复数加-es。如：tomato, hero, potato，当然其中的piano 和photo，又是一个例外，他们的结尾只能加-s。e. child（children）, foot（feet）, tooth（teeth）, mouse（mice）, man（men ）, woman（women ）等词的复数变化全不遵循规则。注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；f. deer，sheep等词更是懒得可以，竟然单复数同形。好记好记。 people，police，cattle 等词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数，所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式，这就是集体名词。the English，the French，the Chinese等名词表示国民总称时，也作复数用。注意：maths，politics，physics等学科名词,虽然以-s结尾，仍为不可数名词。还有theUnited States(美国），the United Nations（联合国）等应视为单数。别奇怪，名词有时也可以作定语的。它作定语时一般用单数，但也有以下例外。a. man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如：menworkers， women teachers。b. 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如：a ten-mile walk十里路，two-hundred trees 两百棵树。名词所有格：表示的通常是在名词的后面加-s，如：Childrens day，fathers shoes。但以-s结尾的名词因为已经有s了，只需加 就OK了。如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，.则表示分别有。.如：Johns and Marys room（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；两个名词并列，只有一个s，则表示共有。如：John and Marys room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）。还有些无生命名词的所属要用介词of来帮助一下，如：a map of China，the end of this term。名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns），专有名词是 某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，注意这类词的中心词的第一个字母要大写。常见的专有名词有：国家名称China, Japan, England, Cuba, Australia, Brazil, France；语言Chinese, Japanese, English, French；人名/地名 Zhou Enlai, Jim, New York, Shanghai由普通名词构成的专有名词the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Palace of Museum; the Peoples Hospital。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：（1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：pen, student, desk, book, bike。（2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family, class, people, school。（3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air, water, paper。（4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work, time, news。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。 格是名词的语法范畴之一。它是名词和代词的一种变化形式，在句中表示与其它词的关系。在英语中有些名词可以加“s”来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teachers book。它有两种不同的形式： 在名词尾加s 和of+名词结构。下面我们来具体看看，名词所有格的使用情况。一、 在名词尾加s1、 单数名词词尾加s，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加s，如the boys bag 男孩的书包，mens room 男厕所。2、 若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加 ，如：the workers struggle工人的斗争，The teachers reading-room教员阅览室3、 名词的所有格形式主要用于人、国家或动物等有生命的东西：Lucys hat, the cats tail, students association 4、表示时间：a weeks holiday一周的休假todays paper今天的报纸tomorrows weather明天的天气in two years time两年的时间之内ten minutes break十分钟休息two hours delay两小时的耽搁5、表示由人组成的集体名词：delegations visit代表团的访问nations youngsters我国的青少年governments policy政府的政策companys directors公司的董事 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。这和汉语不同，比如，在汉语中，我们说一个苹果，那就是一个苹果，没什么特殊变化。你要说三个苹果，只需把“一”换成“三”就可以了。而在英语中，一个苹果是one apple，三个苹果是 three apples，不仅数量词变化了，名词也有相应的变化。下面我们就将名词变复数的规则分为规则变化和不规则变化。第一部分：规则变化 情况 构成法 读音 例词 一般情况（包括以e结尾的名词） 加-s -s在清辅音ptk f后读s Cups, cats, cakes, roofs, flags, keys, faces 在浊辅音和元音后读z 在辅音szd ?后读iz 口诀：清清浊浊元浊 以s, x, ch, sh结尾 加-es 在sz?t?后读iz Classes, boxes, watches, brushes 以辅音+y结尾 变y为i，加es 读z Cities, countries, studies 以元音+y结尾 加-s 读z Boys, rays, days 有人还把以下两个加入了名词有规则变复数的行列:情况 构成法 读音 例词 以o 结尾 加-es 读z Heroes, tomatoes, potatoes, Negroes 加-s 读z Bamboos, radios, zoos, photos, pianos 以f, fe结尾 变f, fe为v，再加-es 读vz Leaf-leaves Life-lives Wife-wives Thief-thieves Half-halves Knife-knives Wolf-wolves Self-selves Loaf-loaves 加-s 读s Roofs, proofs, chiefs, beliefs, gulfs 我们经常会看到有些名词变复数时并没有遵循上述规则。这就是名词的不规则变化。还有一些名词，单复数是同一个形式的。不过，我们还是可以通过一些比较，发现其中的一些奥妙。以下我将为大家讲讲名词的不规则变化。一、有些名词中保存了英语中古旧的复数形式，如：man-men woman-womentooth-teeth foot-feetchild-children goose-geesemouse-mice ox-oxen二、有些是外来词，仍保有原来的复数形式，如：Phenomenon-phenomena（现象）Formula-formulae（公式）Thesis-theses（论文）Basis-bases（基础）Analysis-analyses（分析）Criterion-criteria（标准）Crisis-crises（危机）Appendix-appendices（附录） 三、部分单词的复数形式不变。例：fishfish; sheepsheep; cattlecattle; deerdeer; salmonsalmon, meansmeans四、compound nouns，这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示例：daughter-in-lawdaughters-in-law 媳妇; father-in-lawfathers-in-law岳父man-of-warmen-of-war兵舰; maid-servantmaid-servantsstep-sonstep-sons晚子; son-in-lawsons-in-law.但是，也有些合成名词，特别是由man和woman构成的合成名词，里面所含的成分，全都要变为复数，如：Man-servantmen-servants，woman doctorwomen doctors等五、有些名词经常是带着-s词尾的，但通常都作单数看待，如： Phonetics（语音学），physics（物理学），optics（光学），politics（政治），news（新闻）等。六、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多例：bellows风箱; clothes; police; shorts短裤; scissors剪刀; spectacles眼镜; shears大剪刀，trousers长裤，wages工资，belongings所有物， surroundings环境，savings储蓄，findings调查结果，arms武器，clothes衣服，stairs楼梯，等七、另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，例：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼，papers文件，证件，greens青菜，manners礼貌，ruins废墟，troops军队，looks外貌，times时代，等第三部分：不可数名词的计量方法（1）一般用“数字+of+计量单位+名词”表示，（注意：当数字大于一时，表示计量单位的名词可以有复数形式）。如：a piece of news 一则新闻 a piece of meat 一块肉 a glass of wine一杯酒 two bowls of rice 两碗米 a sum of money 一笔钱 five bags of flour 一袋面粉 a drop of water 一滴水 three bottles of milk 三瓶牛奶 two pieces of advice 两条建议（2）用much/some/ a little/ little/ a lot of/ plenty of+不可数名词练习题：1、 All the people at the conference are _.a. mathematic teachers c. mathematics teacherb. mathematics teachers d. mathematics teachers (C)2、All the _ in the hospital got a rise last month.a. women doctors c. woman doctorsb. women doctor d. woman doctor (a)3、-Are there any _ on the farm?-Yes, there are some.A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep (D)4、- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ? - Certainly.A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters (B)5、Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday.A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear (B)6、There is some _ on the plate.A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears (B)7、The little baby has two _ already.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths (C)8、We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please?A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe (C) 9、Please remember to give the horse some tree_.A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave (B) 10、He gave us_ on how to keep fit.A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice (B) 11、Please pass me _.A. two glass of water B. two glasses of waters C. two glasses of water D. two glass water (C) 12、There are a lot of _ down there but hardly any _.A. sheeps, people B.sheep, people C. sheeps, peoples D. sheep, peoples (B) 13、This table is made of _.A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass (D) 14、_ can get a better view of the game than the participants.A. Looker-on B. Lookers-on C. Looker-ons D. Lookers-ons (B) 15、Some _ are flying kites near the river.A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs (C) 16、Mr. Smith always has _ to tell us.A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good news C. some good piece of news D. some piece of good news (B) 17、Twelve _ were hurt, but no _ were lost in that accident.A. person; life B. people; lives C. peoples; lives D. persons; life (B) 18、In the view of the foreign experts, there wasnt _ oil here.A. much B. lots of C. a great deal of D. many (A) 19、The police investigated those _ about the accident.A. stander-by C. standers-byB. stander-bys D. standers-bys (B) 20、Generally there are _ television programs for children on Saturday.A. little B. much C. a large number of D. a large amount of (C)【实例解析】 1.These _ have saved many childrens lives. A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor 答案：C。该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化。woman 作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持数的一致。2.This is _ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. A. Anne and Jane B. Annes and Janes C. Annes and Jane D. Anne and Janes 答案：D。该题考查的是并列名词的所有格。两人共有一个房间时，只在后面的名词后加s。 3.-Are there any _ on the farm? -Yes, there are some. A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep 答案：D。该题考查的是特殊名词的复数形式。从谓语动词来判断，主语应该是复数名词。只有sheep可用作复数名词。 4.-What would you like to drink, _ or orange? -Orange, please. A. hamburger B. chip C. tea 答案：C。该题考查的是名词的类别。三种东西中只有tea能喝。【中考演练】一. 单项填空1- Where have you been, Tim? - Ive been to _.A. the Henry house B. the Henry family C. The Henrys home D. Henrys2In England, if _ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner3You looked for it twice, but you havent found it. Why not try _ .A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once4- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ? - Certainly.A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of waterC. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters5Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday.A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear6There is some _ on the plate.A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears7In England, the last name is the _ .A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name8The are going to fly _ to Beijing.A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans9The_ has two _ .A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch10The little baby has two _ already.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths11Whats your _ for being late again?A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news12- Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly.- But I think we should let _ go out first.A. woman and children B. women and childC. woman and child D. women and children13- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_ ”on the door of his shop.- Thanks.A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING14Are they going to have a picnic on _ ?A. Childrens Day B. Childrenss Day C. Childrens Day D. Children Day15Where are the students? Are they in _ ?A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room二. 根据下列句子的情景及所给汉语注释，写出所缺单词。1. Weve got a lot of new _(杂志) in our school library.2. Please turn to another _（频道）, I dont like this show.3. Yesterday the _(航班) to London was put off because of the bad weather.4. Autumn is my favourite (季节) 5. -How many _(小刀) do you have? -Three.6. _ are widely used in the modern world. 7. June 1st is _(儿童) Day.8. Mary, would you please tell me your new _(地址) so that I can write to you.9. -Does this piece of _(音乐) sound nice? -Yes. Its wonderful!10. May 12th is the International _(护士) Day. Lets say “ Thanks” to them for their work.三. 根据句意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词。1. “Whats your n_?” “Li Lei.”2. How many d_ does your uncle have?3. Please close the w_. Its cold outside.4. If you want study English well, you must pay attention to your p_.5. A computer is one of the greatest i_ in the world.6. Zhang Hui is very excited. He will go to Japan with his p_ during the Spring Festival. 7. At the a_ of seven, the lonely girl had to work to make living.8. Its only about an h_ flight from Qingdao to Beijing by air.9. Health is more important to me than m_.10. Be careful! Its d_ to run across the street now.【练习答案】一1.D 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.B 二1.magazines 2.Channel 3. flight 4.season 5. knives 6. Computers 7. Childrens 8. address 9. music 10. Nurses三1.name 2.daughters 3. window 4. pronunciation 5. inventions 6.parents 7. age 8. hours 9. money 10. dangerous1. Our school held an activity called Recommend Books to You Teachers. The students made a_of 1, 000 books. A. note B. line C. menu D. list2-Whats your favorite drink? -_.AMeat BMilk CPear DSugar3. -Whats the matter with you? -I have _ Aa cold Ba good time Cclasses Dsports4All the _ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th，because it was their own holiday.Aman B. men C. woman D. women5. - Oh! There isnt enough _ for us in the bus.- No hurry. Lets wait for the next.A. place B. land C. room D. floor6. - You like surfing the net. Do you know what WWW means?- Yes. It means _.A. Whole World Warm B. World Wide WebC. Whole World Weather D. Wide World Work7. - How can I tell one tree from another?- You can mostly tell them by the_ of their leaves.A. shape B. size C. age D. color8. They got much_on the Internet .A. photo B. ideas C. message D. information9.-Whats the meaning of NBA? -It means _.A不明飞行物 B. 英国广播公司C(美国)全国篮球协会 D联合国10.-Would you like some _? -No, thank you. Im not hungry at all.A. tea B. water C. bread D. coffee11_ it was yesterday because of the storm!AWhat bad weather B. What a bad weatherCHow bad a weather D. How bad weather12. -I dont know how to use this machine.-It doesnt matter. Here is the _.A.instruction B.direction C.information D.advertisement13. How soon shall we start the bicycle trip? - _.A. In five days time B. In five days timeC. In five days time D. For five days14. -You didnt send me an e-mail last night, did you?-Sorry. My _ broke down. I couldnt get online.A. computer B. car C. clock D. camera15.Mr .Smith alw