小学英语的重要资料.doc

顺口溜学小学英语

            1. be 的用法口诀
            　　我用am，你用are，is连着他，她，它；
            　　单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。
            　　变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。
            　　变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记。
            　　疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。
            　　2. 时间名词前所用介词的速记歌
            　　年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。
            　　遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。
            　　要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。
            　　午夜黄昏须用at，黎明用它也不错。
            　　at也用在时间前，说“差”可要用上to，
            　　说“过”只可使用past，多说多练牢牢记，
            　　莫让岁月空蹉跎。
            　　3. f(e)结尾的名词复数
            　　妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌；
            　　躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。
            　　4. 巧记48个国际音标
            　　单元音共十二，四二六前中后。
            　　双元音也好背，合口集中八个整。
            　　辅音共计二十八，八对一清又七浊，
            　　四个连对也包括。有气无声清辅音，
            　　有声无气浊辅音，发音特点应掌握。
            　　5.非谓语动词的一些特殊用法后只接不定式作宾语的一些常用特殊谓语动词
       　　动词后，不定式，want, hope和wish，
            　　agree, decide, mean, manage, promise,
            　　expect, pretend,且说两位算在此，
            　　要记牢，要记住，掌握它们靠自己。
            　　6. 后接动词不定式做宾语补足语省略不定式符号“to”的一些常用特殊动词
            　　一些动词要掌握，have, let和make,此三动词是使役，
      “注意”、“观察”、“听到”see，还有feel和watch，使用它们要仔细，
            后接“宾补”略去“to”，此点千万要牢记 除此之外，还可以掌握“八字言”，一感feel,二听hear, listen to,
      三让have,
            let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch。
            　　7. 后只接动名词做宾语的一些常用特殊动词
            　　特殊动词接“动名”，使用它们要记清，
            　　“放弃”、“享受”可“后悔”，
            　　“坚持”、“练习”必“完成”，
            　　“延期”、“避免”非“介意” 掌握它们今必行。
            　　8. 动名词在句中的功能及其它
            　　“动名”语法其功能，名词特征有动、形，主、宾、表、定都可作，“动名”、的“现分”要认清，“现分”不作“宾”和“主”，
            动名作“状”可不行。二词皆可作定语，混为一谈不允许，主谓关系视分词，“动名”一词无此义。
            　　现在分词形式及在句子中的作用(包括过去分词的作用)： 现在分词真好记，动词后面ing。它的作用真不小，可以充当定、状、表。
            还有宾语补足语，忘记此项不可以。
            　　9. 基数词变序数词歌
           　　基变序，有规律
            　　词尾加上-th(fourth,sixth)
            　　一、的二、的三，特殊例，
            　　结尾字母t,d,d(first,second,third)
            　　八去t,九去e,(eighth,ninth)
            　　ve要用 f替;(fifth,twelfth)
            　　ty将y改成i,
            　　th前面有个e。
            　　若是碰到几十几，
            　　前用基来后用序。
      1.人称代词
            主格： I  we you she he  it they
            宾格： me us you her him it them
            形容词性物主代词：my  our  your  her  his its their
            名词性物主代词： mine ours yours hers his its theirs
           2.形容词和副词的比较级
            (1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er
            older taller longer stronger, etc
            (2) 多音节词前+more
            more interesting, etc.
            (3) 双写最后一个字母，再+er
            bigger fatter, etc.
            (4) 把y变i，再+er
            heavier, earlier
            (5) 不规则变化：
            well-better, much/many-more, etc.
            3.可数词的复数形式
            Most nouns + s a book –books
            Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories
            Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches
            Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes
            Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a
      shelf-shelves
            4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)
            bread, rice, water ,juice etc.
            5. 缩略形式
            I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is
            it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc
            6. a/an
            a book, a peach
            an egg an hour
            7. Preposition:
            on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.
            表示时间： at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast
            on Monday on 15th July On National Day
            in the evening in December in winter
           8. 基数词和序数词
            one – first two-second twenty-twentieth
            9. Some /any
            I have some toys in my bedroom.
            Do you have any brothers or sisters?
            10. be 动词
            (1) Basic form: am/are/is
            (2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.
            My eyes are(not) small.
            My hair is(not) long.
            （3）一般疑问句： Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
            Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
            Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t
            11. there be 结构
            肯定句： There is a …
            There are …
            一般疑问句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.
            Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.
            否定句： There isn’t …. There aren’t….
            12. 祈使句
            Sit down please
            Don’t sit down, please.
            13. 现在进行时.通常用“now”.
            形式： be + verb +ing
            eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
            You/We/They are(not) reading.
            He/She/It is(not) eating.
            动词 —ing 的形式
            Most verbs +ing walk—walking
            Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming
            Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running
      swim—swimming
            14 一般现在时。通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。
            形式：
            肯定句：
            I go to school on foot every day.
            She goes to school on foot every day.
            一般疑问句:
            Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
            Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
            否定句： We don’t go to school on Sundays.
            My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.
            15. (情态)动词can,must, should 后面直接用动词原形。
            eg:
            1. I / He / She / They can sing.
            2．You should keep quiet in the library.
            16. 一般过去时态
            （a） be 动词的过去式:
            I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were….
            一般疑问句was, were 放在句首。
            （b） 动词过去式：
            肯定句： I watched cartoons.
            She visited the zoo.
            一般疑问句： Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
            Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t.
            否定句： They didn’t go the the part yesterday.
            He didn’t make model ships last week.
            (3)动词过去式的变化：
            规则动词的变化：
            Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。
            Verbs ending in e +d eg liked。
            Verbs ending in a consonant +y --y +ied eg : study—studied
            Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant eg: stop --stopped
            不规则动词的变化：
            is/am—was,are—were,do—did,have/has—had,make—made,fly-flew/u:/
            eat—ate,take—took,run—ran,sing—sang,drink—drank 等等
           17. “Wh-” questions.
            What are you doing?
            What colour is it?
            What time is it? What’s the time?
            Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?
            Who’s the man with a big nose?
            Whose bag is it?
            When is your birthday?
            Where is my ball pen?
            Why do you like summer?
            How many books are there in the school bag?
            How old is the young man?
            How much is the toy bear?
            How do you go to school everyday?