情态动词被动语态间接引语复习.doc

情态动词复习
　情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
Can/could的用法：
1.表示能力，意为“会；能够”。eg: He _____ ________ English. 他会讲英语。
Can 与 be able to:1.Can .表示习惯能力，没有将来时态。 而be able to表示经过努力而做成了某事，有将来时态。2..在否定结构中，二者可以互换。eg:I _______ run fast. If I work hard, I will be__________ finish the work on time.
2.表示许可或请求，此时可等同于may.表请求时，could比can_______，但回答_____(可/不可)用could. eg: You _____ ______ this pen.(你可以使用这只笔。) ______ I ________ your book? (我可以借你的书吗？) Yes, you can.
表示怀疑、不确定或猜测。多用于否定句或疑问句中。 eg: _____ it _____ _______?(那是真的吗？)He ______ ______ at school. I met him just now.
may/might的用法：
1.表许可或请求，其否定回答用________或_______. eg: May I go home? Yes, you ______./No, you can’t/mustn’t.
2.表可能性或猜测。eg: 他也许是对的。（翻译）__________________ 注意：表请求时，might比may语气_______, 表推测might比may更不确定。而且may还可表祝愿如：May you enjoy yourself！祝你玩得愉快！
must的用法
1.表必须、一定要或禁止。eg:You _____ _____ your homework right now.你必须马上做作业。You ________ ________ here.你禁止在这儿抽烟。
2.以must开头的疑问句，否定句要用________和_____________回答。Must I clean the room now? Yes, you ______./No, you _________/_________________.
3.must与have to:两者皆有“必须”的意思，但have to表示客观的需要，不得不,有时态的变化；而must表示主观的必要性，表示有做某一动作的必要和义务。eg: My parents weren’t at home today, I _________ babysit my little brother. You ________ obey the school rules.注意：否定结构中mustn’t表_________; don’t have to表___________.
need的用法：
1. 既可作实义动词，又可作情态动词。作情态动词通常用于_______、_______或条件句中。need作实义动词后面的不定式必须带to. eg:Need you go yet? Yes, I _______./No, I _________. You needn’t worry about him. Need I go with him if he asks me to?(条件句) I guess Guo Xia just ____________ talk to somebody.(我看郭霞仅仅是需要和人聊聊罢了。)
2. 作实义动词用法：need + n./to do sth. 注意：need doing=need to be done表被动
should，had better用法：should表“应该”，有建议、劝告的意味。had better”最好”，表命令、意见。eg: We _________ protect our environment. It’s going to rain, you __________ take a raincoat. 另注意：should为shall的过去式，但shall只用于第一人称I，we,表请求或征求意见：Shall I get you a cup of tea?
Exercise:
1．—Could I borrow your dictionary﹖—Yes, of course you ＿＿＿＿．(might/ will/ can/ should)
2．The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ＿＿get out．(had to/
would/could/was able to)
3. It is necessary that a college student_____at least a foreign language.( should master/may master/can master)
4. You ______________ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.( needn’t to come/don’t need come/don’t need coming/needn’t come)
5.---May I pick a flower in the garden ? ---No,___________.(you needn’t/you mustn’t/you won’t )
6. If you listen to me, you _____ have some candies,Deary. (shall/may/will/must)
7.Peter ____ come with us tonight,but he isn’t very sure yet. (may/can/will/must)
8. Last night he hurt his leg,but at last he ______ get home safely. (could/can/was able to)
9. Johnny,you __ play with the knife.You __hurt youself.（won't,can't/ mustn't,may/ shouldn't,must/ cant't,shouldn't）
被动语态复习：主动变被动His brother washes bowls every day.

Bowls are washed by his brothers every day.
一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is /are +过去分词：Shoes ______ (make) in that factory.
一般过去时：S+was/were +过去分词Ten computers _________ (buy) last term.
一般将来时：S+ will+be+过去分词The work ______________ (finish) in ten days.
情态动词S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词Gina can _____(take) good care of by Amy
有两个宾语的句子的被动语态：1. 有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，可以有两种形式(即可用直接宾语或间接宾语作主语)，这类动词主要的有：buy，give，lend，pay，show，teach，tell，offer，leave，award 等：他给了她一些钱。主动：He gave her some money. (正)被动：She was given some money by him. (正)被动：_____________ was given (to) her by him. (正)
2.有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，通常要用直接宾语作主语，这类动词主要的有：do，make，pass，sell，sing，write 等他给她写了封信。主动：He wrote her a letter. (正)被动：A letter ____________ (to) her by him. (正)
3. 有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，通常要用间接宾语作主语，这类动词主要的
answer，refuse，save，spare(节约)，deny（否认），envy（嫉妒） 等：他们不允许我入场。主动：They refused me admittance. (正)被动：I __________ admittance by them. (正)
当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。
他们将会把北京建设得更美丽。主动：They will make Beijing more beautiful.被动：Beijin-g ___________ more beautiful (by them).
若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加“to”。此类动词为感官动词:look at, observe, see, notice, watch; make, let, have , hear, listen to, feel等。主动：The teacher made me go out of the classroom.被动：I__________ go out of the classroom by the teacher).
Exercise:
1. The Great Wall _______ (know) all over the world.
2. The subjects__________(study) in school.
3. The computer____________ (invent) in 1976.
4. Two letters____________ (write) by Mary.
5. Your homework ___________ ( must do) at once.
6. Library book ________ ( may keep) for two days.
变为被动语态：
1. We invented him to the party.

2. We can finish it in two hours.

3. Miss Chen teaches us English.

4. They took care of the children

5. I saw her go out just now.

6. He gave me a book.
间接引语复习：
1、直接引语和间接引语：在陈述句中,直接引用说话人原来的语句,称为直接引语。在书写时,直接引语用引号。用自己的词语来转述表达原来说话人说的内容,称为间接引语。
2、直接引语改变为间接引语：
1）直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时应注意以下各点：
①不用引号,而用连接词that,但有时可省略。
②人称作相应变化”一随主二随宾三不变”；
③主句里的动词如果是过去时,间接引语中的时态一般应作相应改变： 一般现在时变一般过去时；一般将来时变过去将来时；现在进行时变过去进行时；现在完成时变成过去完成时；一般过去时变成过去完成时；但一般过去时如与一个具体的过去时间连用,则时态不变。
如：He says,"I am not from the USA.”→He says that he _____ not from the USA.
He said, “I went to college in 1994.”
→He told us that he ______ to college in 1994.
 Mr Smith said to his girl friend,“ I haven’ t seen you for a long time.” 
→Mr Smith said to his girl friend that he _____ _____ _____ for a long time.
She said,”I like maths very much.” →She said that ______ _____ maths very much.
2)直接引语如果是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,需用疑问词引导,词序是：疑问词+主语+谓语。Lucy said to me, “How can I help?” →Lucy asked me ____ _____ _____ _______..
3) 直接引语如果是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,需用从属连接词whether或if引导,词序要改变。如：Lin Tao said to Miss Green, "Is it made in China?” →Lin Tao asked Miss Green _______ it ____ ______ in China.
4)直接引语如是祈使句,变间接引语时,须将祈使句变为动词不定式,并在动词不定式前用tell, ask, order. 如：He said to the little boy,“ Come here, young  man! ” →He _____ the little boy  ____ _____ there.
5)当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象; 谚语、格言时，从句时态无须改变.如：Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” →Our teacher told us that light _______ faster than sound.
指示代词、时间、地点状语和动词变化
1）时间状语：
直接引语→ 间接引语
now→ then
tomorrow →the next（following）day
today→ that day
next week →the next（following）week（month, year）
yesterday →the day before
two days ago→ two days before
last week （month, year）→the week（month, year）before
this week→ that week（month, year）
2）指示代词：these 变成those
3）地点状语：here变成there
4）动词：come变成go，bring变成take
直接引语变间接引语习题
1．He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.”
2．She said: “He will be busy.”
3．She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”
4．She asked, “Is this book yours or his?”
5．The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?”
6．The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time.”
7．The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”
8．The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”
9．My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”
10．The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”
11．He said, “We are still students.’
12．He said to me, “I was born in 1978.”
13．The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.”
14．He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.”
15．She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus.
16．He said, “We insisted that she start immediately.”
17．I said to him, “I have finished it.”
18．She said to us,“ I’ll come here tomorrow.”
19．“Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen?” the young man asked.
20．“I have got the first place in the math competition,” the little boy said happily.