高考改错题分项训练.doc

单句改错分项训练
专题分析
一、考纲考点
《英语考试说明》中第II节《考试内容和形式》中对短文改错题型做了如下描述：“本题给出一篇约100个单词的短文，其中10行每行右边标有题号，要求考生判断是否有错，如有错将其改正。错误类型包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等。”由此可以看出，短文改错题是知识和能力的综合性试题，覆盖面广，设题灵活；它不仅能准确地测试学生的语言知识水平，而且能客观的反映学生综合运用语言的能力；它不仅要求学生系统掌握所学的语法、词汇知识，而且要求学生具有一定的阅读、分析和逻辑推理的能力。
综观历年高考题，其考查目的在于测试考生发现、判断、纠正语篇错误的能力。文章多采用记叙文文体，偶尔也有说明文。
下表是近十年短文改错题的错误分布情况。

年份

错题数
错 误 分 布
固定词组
冠词
名词
形容词、副词
代词
介词
连词（复合句）
动词（含时态、语态、情态、非谓语
1996
９
１
１
１
１
１
２
０
２
1997
９
０
０
１
２
０
１
１
４
1998
９
０
１
２
０
１
２
０
３
1999
９
０
０
１
２

２
１
０
３
2000
９
１
０
１
１
１
０
３
２
2001
９
１
１
２
０
０
１
２
２
2002
９
０
１
１
１
１
１
２
２
2003
9
1
0
1
0
3
0
1
3
2004
9
1
0
1
1
0
2
3
1
2005
9
1
1
1
2
1
0
0
3
2006
9
1
1
0
2
1
0
1
3
合计
99
7
6
12
12
11
10
13
28
从以上表格中我们不难发现短文改错题有以下特点：
1、 文中的错误大多为考生在英语学习和运用中常犯的错误。如：名词、代词、冠词、固定词组、形容词及副词、介词、连词及复合句、动词等。
2、其中动词所占比例最大。包含动词的时态、语态、情态及非谓语动词等。其次考查的重点为连词（复合句）、名词、形容词副词、代词及介词。
3、综合性强，涵盖知识面广，对考生知识的领会、运用、分析、综合等能力进行全面系统的考查。
4、行文中的逻辑错误常常出现在连词、副词及代词等。
5、从1996年开始短文改错题不设单词拼写错误。
6、试题总数不变，仍为10。短文改错题的设错类型共四种：此行缺一词、此行多一词、此行错一词、此行无错误。错一词、缺一词、多一词和正确的比例为6：2：1：1， 6：1：2：1 或5：2：2：1。2004设题的比例与往年略有不同，错一词、缺一词、多一词和正确的比例为7：1：1：1。
二、复习指导
（一）备考指导
根据对近年高考阅读篇章特点的分析和新课程标准的要求，建议同学们在备考高考短文改错时，应该从以下几个方面入手：
1、平时注意培养发现、判断文章中错误的能力
建议考生平时要加大地道英语文章的输入量，扩大和加深它们在大脑中的存储。训练的方法可以是考生多听、多读原文篇章，最好能背诵一些语言地道，与短文改错选文要求相似的百字短文，形成"语感"。同时还建议考生在输入时进行有针对性的自我训练。如当考生阅读了一篇短文，"Yesterday evening, I went to see a film....", 考生可模拟短文改错题的错误类型对自己设问"如果在yesterday evening前加上介词on的话，表达不正确，要去掉on"。这种办法可使考生多接触正面的训练，避免造成记忆混乱，从根本上提高考生发现、判断文章中错误的能力。
2、平时加强语言基本功的训练。尤其是要培养和提高考生使用语言的准确性。
加强语言基本功的训练，就要注意英语词汇和语法的学习。要求考生准确掌握动词的时态、语态、语气，名词的数，冠词的使用，介词搭配，形容词和副词的级，各种连词的词义及功能等等。
3、在坚持平时以正面训练为主的基础上，适当地进行专题训练。
短文改错题的强化训练是必要的，但是方法要得当。建议不要一味地盲目做题。应在做完一定量的强化题后，停下来对自己的错误进行认真的分析，找出对自己成绩提高影响最大的知识点或其他问题。然后集中力量就此做更系统和深入的查漏补缺学习。最后，再返回来做题，以检验学习效果。
（二）解题步骤
短文改错，既是一篇文章，就不能割裂来看，但考题是以行为单位设置错误的，因此要处理好篇、句、行的关系。
在做短文改错练习时，最好按以下几步走：
1、以句子为单位，找出明显的错误。如 06年全国II短文改错中有下面的句子：An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea between France and England in a balloon in 1784. High over the water, they discover a hole in the balloon. 很明显应discover的时态应为一般过去时态，改为discovered。这样，把明显的错误找出来以后，就可以缩小改错范围，把注意力集中在较难的句子上。
2、语法角度逐个审查难句的时态、语态、主谓一致、代词、名词、冠词、介词等用法，是否有误。如04年全国卷I中的句子：Besides, I have few friends I don’t know why they don’t like to talk with me. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become strangers at once。在这句话中，根据上下文黑体词talked属于时态误用，应该使用一般现在时态，改为talk.
3、读全文，看是否有逻辑上以及上下文含义的错误，此时特别要注意一些连词、副词及代词的错误。如：04年湖北卷中的句子:What is more, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. him与上文中的pupils不一致，属于逻辑错误，应该改为them.
4、解题后，再读一遍，检查哪句话确实没有错误，判断正确。按行把答案写在卷面上。以改动最小，保持原义为原则。
5、最后，再次细读全文，检查并验证所做的答案是否能使全文语气贯通流畅，行文逻辑发展是否合乎情理，全篇结构是否严密完整。复读过程中凡遇到不同之处，需进一步进行细致的分析和推敲，以便使答案更有把握。
在此强调一点，考生一定要切记作答要求，做答时一定要作到规范化。以免由于答题不规范而造成丢分。
最后一点，如果学生在平时的学习中注意文章的朗读。有时说不清楚为什么，但改的却是正确的，这就是我们常说的“语感”，所以在日常的英语学习中，培养语感是非常重要的。
三、例题解析
（一）按错误类型分类解析文章是句子构成的。下面以单句练习的形式分析短文改错题常常设题点并分析各个考点所应掌握的重点及难点及应对策略。
第一组1 What shall I do for you, sir? ________
2.There was plenty of time. She mustn’t have hurried. ______
3.He must have arrived there last night, hasn’t he ? _______
4.We had better not to say so. _______
5.When I was in trouble, he was used to help me. _____
答案：本组设题为情态动词。1、shall改为can. 本题为固定句型 What can I do for you? 2、mustn’t改为needn’t.
3. hasn’t 改为didn’t 4.去掉to . 5.去掉 was. 本题考查 used to do。
对策：当句中有情态动词时，考生可以从以下几个方面来考虑：
1、 mustn’t与needn’t含义的区别。mustn’t 的意思是“禁止，不许”，needn’t含义为“不必要”。2、情态动词表推测的用
法。3、情态动词接have done 的含义。4、情态动词can, may, must, need, should, have to, had better, used to, would rather 等基本用法及含义。
第二组1.In the morning of his birthday, they visited the Great Wall. _____
2.This accident happened in last year. _________
3.Clinton was on a visit China. _________
4.It is important of us to learn English well. _______
5.I knew about a ride down the river would be so exciting. _____
6.The key to success is hard work. ______
答案： 本组设题为介词。1、In改为On. 在英语中具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上，要用介词on, 不用in. 2、去掉in . 含有last/next 的时间状语前不用介词。3、在visit 后加to. 在此句中visit是名词，“到…参观，访问”词组为on a visit to…4、of改为for. 固定句型it is/ was important for somebody to do something.5、去掉about或将about改为that. 此句中考查的是knew后接一宾语从句。6、此句正确。注意介词to 的用法。
应策：当句中含有介词时，考生可以从以下几个方面来考虑：1、检查介词与名词、动词、形容词、副词的搭配是否正确。2、检查介词是否符合句意。3、特别注意做定语用的动词不定式后是否缺少必要的介词。4、有些词组最后有介词，检查后面是否有介词宾语，如果没有则该介词多余5、有些词组组成最后有介词，检查是否丢掉，尤其是用在被动语态中时。如：The little boy was taken good care of by his grandmother. 在此句中，介词of 就不能丢掉。
第三组1.They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. ______
2.I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. ________
3.The police cars hurried to the taller building in New York. _________
4.It takes a long time to go there by train ; it’s quick by road. __________
5.It is less hot today as yesterday. __________
6.With the help of the German experts the factory produced twice as many cars as in 1993 as the year before. ________
7.The apples taste delicious and sell well. ________
8.The students were deeply moved by what he said. ______
9.At the meeting she kept silently. _________
答案： 本组设题为形容词及副词。1、形容词不能单独做谓语。eager是形容词，所以要在前面加上系动词 be 的正确形式，根据此句的情况要使用be的一般过去时而且由于主语是 they，所以要用were.2、wonderfully改为wonderful.此处为副词的误用，修饰名词应该使用形容词。3、taller改为 tallest.此处应该使用形容词的最高级，因为后面的in New York.实际上提示了一个最高级的范围。4、quick 改为 quicker. It’s quicker by road 是一个省略句，完整的句子为It’s quicker by road than by train.5、as改为than. less hot 为比较级。6、去掉 cars 后面的as. 此句为as… as… 句型。7、此句话正确。 taste是系动词，后面接形容词，而sell是实义动词，受副词的修饰。8、此句正确。注意在此句中deeply的用法。9、silently改为 silent. keep是系动词，要与形容词连用。
对策：当句中含有形容词或副词时，考生可以从以下几个方面来考虑：1、检查句中有无把形容词误用为副词或把副词误用为形容词的情况。2、若句中有系动词，检查其后跟的是形容词还是副词。3、检查句中有无易混淆的形容词的误用和易混淆的副词的误用。4、检查句中有无形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的误用。5、检查并列结构前后形容词与副词的级别是否对等。6、检查表地点的副词前是否有多余的介词to. 如：on my way to there, get to there, get to home, go to upstairs等词组中的to 多余。7、形容词做表语时，检查是否缺少系动词be,因为形容词不能单独做谓语。
第四组1.It is four years since she has left. _________
2.In the past three years, she had visited the country twice. ______
3.We were driving along a narrow road when the car stop working. ________
4.Books may be keep for four weeks. _________
5.Carelessness in driving may be cost you your life. ________
6.As soon as his parents will arrive, we’ll leave. ______
7.When do you see this film? _______
8.Last Sunday we have a good time ,talking and laughing together. _________
答案：本组设题为动词的时态语态。1、去掉has.本句考查的为固定句型 it is +一段时间+ since从句。从句中用一般过去时。2、had 改为 has. 有时间状语in the past three years 可以推出此句应该使用现在完成时。3、stop改为 stopped.
4、keep改为kept. 此句应该使用被动语态。5、去掉 be. cost不能用于被动语态。6、去掉will. As soon as引导的是时间状语从句，不用将来时态。7、do 改为did. 由句意决定此句要用一般过去时。8、have改为had. 很明显在此句话中的时间状语为last Sunday, 应该使用一般过去时。
对策：当涉及到句中谓语动词时，考生可以从以下几个方面来考虑：1、检查句中有无时态语态的错误。2、检查句中前后的时态是否呼应。3、检查句中有无动词混用的错误。4、检查句中的动词的及物与不及物用法是否正确，与不及物动词搭配的介词是否正确。5、检查时间状语从句与条件状语从句中的时态是否正确。在这两种状语从句中，要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。
第五组1.Paul doesn’t have to be made learn . He always works hard. _______
2.The novel writing by the young novelist is being printed at the printing house. _________
3.We’re looking forward to visit the photo exhibition. ______
4.When we saw so many teachers sitting in our classroom , our hearts couldn’t help beating fast. _______
5.I’d like to your pen friend. ________
6.I hope all of you to pass the examination . ________
答案：本组设题为动词的非谓语形式。1、在learn 的前面加to. 因为此句话是用的被动语态，所以要用somebody be made to do something.2、writing 改为written. 3、visit改为visiting.4、此句正确。注意 see somebody doing something 及can’t help doing 的用法。5、在to 之后加be 或 become.6、hope改为wish. 不能说hope somebody to do something.
对策：当涉及到句中非谓语动词时，考生可以从以下几个方面来考虑：1、检查被修饰词与非谓语动词之间的关系来判断ing形式与过去分词的使用是否正确。2、检查句中有无动词原形做主语的情况，如果有则须改正。3、检查过去分词与现在分词做表语时的用法是否正确。
第六组1.There is an university near the railway station. _______
2.What a pity you missed the lecture ! _______
3.What a bad weather ! ________
4.What a terrible life people in that country lived at that time. _________
5.We have so much homework to do that a rest for us is out of the question. _________

6.Alexander Bell invented a telephone in 1876. ______
答案：本组设题为冠词。1、an 改为a.2、此句正确。3、去掉a.4、此句正确。注意词组 live a terrible life.5、此句正确。6、a改为the . 发明物前面要用the.
对策：当涉及到句中冠词时，考生可以从以下几个方面来考虑：1、检查有无a与an之间的误用。2、检查有无定冠词与不定冠词之间的误用。3、检查名词前面有无漏用冠词的现象。4、检查有无滥用冠词的现象。如：当介词 by与交通工具连用时，是否加了不必要的冠词；固定词组间是否加了不必要的冠词等。5、掌握冠词 a, an , the 的基本用法。
第七组1.We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do. ______
2.Our parents give us not only clothes ,and also food. ______
3.I never buy anything unless it is not really needed. ______
4.We all felt if we were going to fly. ________
5.Unless he said he wasn’t hungry, he ate the big breakfast. __________
答案：本组设题为连词，连词的用法往往是和复合句结合在一起的。由上下文的句意就能判断出该用哪一个连词。
1、 and改为but. 2、and改为but. 3、unless改为if 或者去掉not. 4、if前加as. 5、Unless 改为 Though 或Although.
对策：当涉及到句中连词及复合句时，从以下方面考虑：1、遇到并列句时，检查并列连词的使用是否正确，有无遗漏并列连词的情况。尤其要注意并列连词and连接的是否是并列的语法结构，形式是否正确。2、复合句中，检查从属连词的使用是否正确。掌握定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句的用法。3、检查有无连词之间的误用，尤其是if 和whether 之间的误用。4、状语从句中最需要注意的是引导状语从句的从属连词的含义。5、定语从句中最需要注意的为以下各点：判断关系代词与关系副词的使用是否正确；判断先行词与定语从句的谓语动词的数是否一致；检查关系代词的格的使用是否正确，尤其是在关系代词做主语和介词前置时；检查有无关系副词与介词重复使用的情况；检查有无漏掉做主语的关系代词的情况；检查非限制性定语从句的关系代词的使用是否正确；检查在定语从句中除了关系代词或关系副词外，是否还有重复多余的代词或副词。5、名词性从句中最需要注意的为以下各点：检查连接词是否误用；检查是否漏掉了连接词尤其是引导主语从句和同位语从句的 that；检查主语从句与谓语的数是否一致；主语从句通常可以放在谓语动词的后面，而由it 来充当形式主语；that 引导主语从句在主语的位置上不能省略；whether 引导主语从句不能换用if；名词性从句要用陈述语序；宾语从句的时态要与主句的时态一致；除了动词后面可以跟宾语从句外，介词和某些形容词后面同样可以接宾语从句。
第八组1.The bike is neither his nor her. _______
2.He has one blue pen and two red one. ________
3.He explained it again so as to make him understood. ______
4.I don’t think that it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. _______
5.Two of us will be sent there, Tom and me. _______
6.The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. _______
7.As we were asleep , all of us heard the sound ________
8.Every of the students has a dictionary. ________
答案：本组设题为代词。1、her改为hers. 此题需要名词性物主代词。2、one改为ones. 3、him改为himself. 根据句意此处需要反身代词。4、去掉that或在it后加is. 此题考查it做形式宾语或主语的用法。5、me改为I.此处Tom and I 做主语的同位语，所以要用主格形式。6、his改为their. 7、all改为none. 8、Every改为Each或在Every 后加one,注意Every one 要分写。
对策：当涉及到句中代词时，考生可以从以下几个方面来考虑：1、检查句中人称代词的主格和宾格是否误用。2、检查句中名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词之间有无误用的情况。3、检查句中指示代词的使用是否恰当。4、检查句中不定代词的使用及含义是否恰当。5、检查句中前后代词是否一致。6、检查句中做主语的代词与谓语的数是否一致。7、特别注意it做形式主语及形式宾语的用法。8、掌握反身代词的用法。
第九组 1.We study quite a few subject, such as Chinese, English and physics. ___________
2.How many bread do you want ? ________
3.The majority of them are woman doctors. __________
4.The worker and writer are to attend the meeting. ________
5.All that can be done have been done. __________
6.No one but her parents knows the secret. __________
答案：本组设题为名词及主谓一致。1、subject 改为subjects.2、many改为much.3、woman改为women. 当man、woman定语修饰名词时，单复数形式随后面的名词变化。4、are改为is. 主语the worker and writer为一个人。5、have改为has. 6、此句话正确。
对策：当涉及到句中名词时，考生可以从以下几个方面来考虑：1、检查句中名词的单复数形式是否符合句意。特别注意那些不规则名词的复数形式。2、检查句中有无所有格的误用。特别注意复数名词的所有格形式的变化。3、检查句中有无可数名词与不可数名词之间的误用并检查名词的修饰语是否正确。4、检查句中有无易混淆的名词的误用。5、检查主谓在数上是否违背了语法一致的原则。6、检查主谓在数上是否违背了意义一致的原则。7、检查主谓在数上是否违背了邻近原则。
第十组1.He likes to play the piano while his brother likes to play football. _______
2.Paper catches the fire easily. _______
3.It is time that you go to bed. _______
4.They worked deeply into the night. ________
5.Our research group is made up for 20 people._______
6.A new bridge is under constructions. _______
答案：本组设题为固定词组和固定句型。1、句正确。注意词组play the piano和play football. 2、去掉the. catch fire 为固定词组，含义为“着火”。3、在go前加should. 或go改为went. 此句为固定句型It is time that somebody should do something./It is time that somebody did something. 其中that可以省略。4、deeply改为deep. “夜很深了”可以表达为deep into the night.5、for改为 of . 此句为固定词组be made up of. 6、 constructions改为construction. under construction 含义为“在建设之中”。
对策：为了更好地掌握英语中的固定词组及固定句型，考生在平时的学习中要加强记忆。
第十一组
1.One morning Mr. Robert was sitting comfortably at the breakfast table and reading his newspaper at five past eight. He didn’t seem to be in a hurry and asked his wife for another cup of coffee. “Another cup?” she asked. “But aren’t you going to the office today ? Have you got a holiday?” “The office?” he said and looked down from the newspaper in _____
surprise. “I thought I was in the office.”
2.I shall never forget going to school for the first time . I woke up very early and started to get dressed while my mother was cooking my lunch. _____
3.Mr. Robinson liked sitting beside a window when he was flying, but when he ______
got on the plane , he looked for a window seat.
4.We have so much homework to do that a rest for me is out of the question. _______
5.I think I liked those classes because I felt that it helped me to understand _______
how the world works.
答案：本组设题为上下文语境。1、down 改为up.2、改lunch 为breakfast.3、改but 为so.4、改me 为us.5、改it为they.
对策：上下文的错误往往出在代词，名词，及连词上。通读全文要注意文章前后的含义是否照应，上下文的逻辑关系是否顺畅。 （材料来源：1、高考试题短文改错、单项选择部分2、学生的书面表达）

（二）分项单句改错练习
A 名词及主谓一致
1.Please give my regard to your parents.
2.The number of the teachers to attend the meting are twenty.
3.The mother bird was taking foods to her baby birds.
4. On arriving home, she found she had left her bag at her friend.
5.These programs are great help to learners of English.
6. They bought a lot of equipments for the lab.
7. The teacher with two students were in the room.
8. Many a man have tried it before.
9.We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics.
10.How many bread do you want ?
11.The majority of them are woman doctors.
12. The worker and writer are to attend the meeting.
13.All that can be done have been done.
14.No one but her parents knows the secret.
16. Three plate were already on the table when the man closest to me pointing to one plate and asked me the name of the fish on it. (07 辽宁) （名、动、介）
B 冠词
1.I have a good news for you.
2. He speaks the English very well.
3. We play the basketball on Sunday.
4. Are you making a good progress?
5. Many of wounded lost their sight.
6.Many blacks were arrested and put into the prison.
7.There is an university near the railway station.
8.The soldier got seriously wounded on his leg.
9.What a pity you missed the lecture!
10.What a bad weather!
11.What a terrible life people in that country lived at that time!
12.We have so much homework to do that a rest for us is out of the question.
13.Alexander Bell invented a telephone in 1876.
14. An Australian farmer found the kangaroo caught in the fence around his farms. (07 四川)
C 介词
1. There is no quick answer of this question.
2. They can sell their beef for a high price in the capital.
3.Twice a year, large teams women plant thousands of trees.
4.Let’s go out to a walk.
5.Let’s go to a picnic.
6.I missed the train for ten minutes.
7.We had no difficulty in finding his house for the boy leading the way.
8.I have no pen to write.
9. It was foolish for him to waste his money on such a computer.
10. The teacher expressed his