改错复习讲义.doc

英语复习短文改错专题
NMET短文改错的解题基本思路应该是：一．以句为单位，找行中错误，每行必有一个判断（错词、多词、少词和正确），而判断的依据一定是上下文，最小单位是一个完整的句子。二．以篇为单位，找句中错误。许多时候，就某一行或某一句单独而言常常难以判断其是否正确，错误何在，而必须以全篇为一整体才可对该句，进而对该行作出判断。
具体解题过程中，应该注意把握九个一致问题：
一．时态一致 短文中谓语动词的时态与上下文，特定语言环境及该句的时间状语是否保持了呼应与一致。
例1．        My favorite sport is football. I was a member of our football team. (NMET’98)全文都是一般现在时，此句中was 虽然与上下问不一致，应改为am。
例2．        I remembered her words and calm down.( NMET’ 2000) 
此处为一描述过去事件的语境，应与前文remembered 保持一致，须改为calmed。
例3．        Today, it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past. (NMET’ 93)第一个is 与时间状语today保持一致，地第二个is则应改为was, 使之与其时间状语in the past 一致。
二．主谓一致  谓语动词在人称和数上是否与主语保持一致。
例4．Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.
(NMET’2000)  主语为A and B时，谓语动词一般为复数，应改为are。
例5．The new boy or girl in school quickly become one of the  class after a few games.(NMET’93)主语为A or B时，应由靠近谓语的主语来决定谓语的单复数，become应改为becomes .
例6．Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong…  (NMET’98)   此处与例4，例5不同，谓语动词makes与上下文保持一致，为正确的用法，而play须改Playing 才可与此处其它部分一致。
三．平行一致
not only…but also…, either…or…, neither…nor…以及and, but, or 等并列连词或词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。在平行结构中，词性时态等形式须保持前后一致。
例7．Playing football not only makes… but also give us a sense  of fair play and team spirit.( NMET’98)依据平行一致原则，此处give应与前文 makes保持一致，改为gives.
 例8．It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station  and drove me to their home. (NMET’96) 此句中的drove应与前文to meet 保持平行，故改为drive。
四．数的一致       名词的数须与其修饰语保持一致
例9．We study quite a few subject, such as maths,  
   Chinese…(NMET’97) quite a few只修饰复数名词，保持一致,subject 应改为subjects.
例10．They … asked me lots of question.(NMET’96)与lots of 保持一致的只能是复数名词，应改为questions.
五．主饰一致      句中的主要词（中心词）应与其修饰词间保持一致。
   除了例9，例10外，还有
例11．…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject.(NMET2001)
   all 若修饰可数名词时，其后名词应为复数。subject该为subjects。
例12．She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me
   success.(NMET2000)  all修饰的主语部分应是三者以上，故schoolmate 应为schoolmates.
例13．Unfortunate, there are too many people…(NMET’99)   
Unfortunate应作状语，修饰整个句子，此时应为副词unfortunately 才可保持一致。
例14．I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.(NMET’95) 修饰名词，应为a wonderful time.
六．指代一致     用于指代的各类代词应在数、格、性 上与上下文保持一致。
例15．The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. 
  (NEMT’96) The Smiths 为一复数概念，故指代词也应为第三人称复数 their.
例16．I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (NMET’97)
  此处应为作主语的关系代词which.
例17． And I can’t forget the food you cooked for I. (NMET’95)
  此处I 应作介词的宾语，故改为me 才可保持一致。
七．语态一致      句中谓语动词或非谓语动词应与上下文语态保持一致。
例18．Books may be keep for four weeks. (NEMT’94)
   与其主语Books相对应，此处应为被动语态，故keep应改为kept。
八．搭配一致      句中的固定搭配应保持完整并与上下文一致。
例19． I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf. (NMET’2000) 后  
   跟从句，保持一致须用so…that结构这一固定搭配。as改为that.
例20．I look forward to hear from you soon. (NMET’97)
  look forward to 中to 是介词，其后应为动名词hearing。
例21．But it didn’t matter that I would win or not. (NMET’2000)
  与其后or not 保持一致时应用whether。
例22．I have neither brothers nor sisters---in any other words, I am an only child.(NMET2001)
  in any other words意为“换言之”，应为in other words。
九．逻辑一致
   这是一种隐蔽性较强且年年必考的错误，检查时应通篇考虑，重点在连词、代词，肯定与否定，及相对应的动词如 come 与go 等。
例23．She was smiling but nodding at me.(NMET’2000)
  上下文看，应为She---my English teacher微笑且点头鼓励我，but 应为and。
例24．Now someone at home reads instead. (NMET’99)
  从上文可知，因为无电视可看，人人都只好读书，someone 改为everyone或everybody.
例25．And they must not break the rules too often if we want to  win the game.(NMET’98)通读全文，都是用第一人称，这时突然用到they,显然不一致，应改为we.  

[实战演练一]
⑴Most families in China hoped their single children will         76．_______
 have a happy future, so they are very strict in their children.  77．_______
So do teachers in schools! Many children are given so much        78．_______
 homework that they have hardly any spare time have sports.       79．_______
The children are forbidden to do anything but to study. No        80．_______
 wonder so many children are tired of lessons. Some even          81．_______
 attack or kill his parents and teachers! I believe many people   82．_______
 already read this kind of news in newspapers or magazines.       83．_______
Shouldn’t we draw lesson from the accidents? Now our             84．_______
government is making out a plan to solve the education problems  .85．_______
⑵Nowadays, almost every family has TV set, and almost            76．_______
 everyone likes watching TV. TV has become part of our lives.     77．_______
 TV has many advantages, for example, it informs us the           78．_____
latest news which is happening in the world; it can open our      79．_______
 eyes, enlarge our knowledge and also help us to see more         80．_______
about the worlD． But, it also has some disadvantages. People     81．______
waste too much time in watching TV and his normal life            82．_______
and work are affecteD． To the children who they spend too        83．_______
 much time in watching TV, it can do harmful to their sight       84．_______
 and healthy. So we should control the time of watching TV.       85．_______
⑶ A few months after returning the US from Germany, I took       76._______
 part in a college course in French. Since I have learned         77._______
to say German well in Germany, I thought it might be              78.______
interested to begin studying another language. At the             79._______
first class, the teacher asked us to do a pronunciation           80._______
 exercise in it he would say a word or two in French, and         81._______
  each student would do their best to copy. When he got to        82._______
 me, he kept having me to say more words, and I                   83.______
 finally asked him why. “I find it great fun,” she explained    84._______
it. “In 25 years of teaching at school, it’s the first time     85._______
 I’ve heard an American speak French with a German accent.”

⑷ The Huaihe River has been serious polluted. Day and nigh76._______ 　　　　 millions of tons of waste water is being poured down to from      77._______ 　　　　 hundreds of factories. The waste water is harmful. At  present　　　 78._______ 　　　　there is no fish in it. The river water cannot be drunk. People in 79._______ 　　　　
   either bank have to dig wells to take drinking water. The  Huaihe　　  80. _____　　　
River is such dirty and poisonous that people don’t dare swim　　        81._______ 　　　　in it. Something must be done to stopping the pollution. The　   82._______ 　　　　government and the people near the river must try to clear water     83._______ 　　　　
  as soon as possible. Now special attention has paid to the          84._______ 
  pollution by the government and more scientists. The pollution 85._______ 
will be prevented in the near future.

 ⑸ Dear Abby,
    How are you? Today I’ve got a wonderful news to tell you.       76._______
 I have offered a scholarship at a university in Australia for my    77._______
further education. One hundred and twenty students took exam         78._______
for it, but only a few was chosen and I was one of them. However,    79._______
my parents are not happy about it. They are strong against me        80._______
going there. They say it is too far away that they will not see me   81._______
for a whole year and they are afraid of I will feel lonely. They     82._______
can’t imagine a girl so young live alone. They advise me to study   83._______
in the capital instead. Then I’ll be able to continue living with   84._______
them. How can I persuade them to accept the fact I have grown up?    85._______    Best wishes,
                                                               Jane

   ⑹ A person’s age no longer tells you something about           76. ________   his social position, marriage or healthy. There’s no longer,       77. ________
a particular year which one goes to school or goes to               78. ________
work or gets married or start a family. The social clock            79. ________
that kept us on time and told us when go to school, get             80. ____
a job, or stop working isn’t as strong as it was used to be.       81. ________
It doesn’t surprise us to hear a 28-year-old university            82. ________
president or a 35-year-old grandmother, or 70-year-old              83. ________
man who has become a father for the first time. What we             84. ________
all know, public’s ideas are changing nowadays.                    85. ________

 ⑺ It is difficult for parents to teach your children to be responsible 76.________
 (有责任的) for housework, but with one of the followed suggestions,   77.________
   you really can get your children help you at home. If you give your  78.________
children the impression which they can never do anything quite right, 79.________
then they will regard themselves unfit or unable persons. Unless they 80.________
believe they can succeed, they will never become totally independence. 81.________
Don’t always scold and give lots of praise instead. Talk about      82.________
what they’ve done right, but about what they haven’t done. If your  83.________
children complete a difficult task, reward (酬劳) him with a Sunday   84.________
trip or a ball game of Dad.                                          85.________

  ⑻ Before I went to senior middle school, some peoples told       76._______
me. “A life of senior middle school is unforgettable.”            77._______
While I first entered my senior middle school, everything           78.______
seemed unpleasant. Face all the strange things around me,           79._______
I often miss my old friends and classmates. I didn’t want          80._______
 to talk others or make friends with others. Little by little, my     81._______
school record went from bad to worse, especially my                   82._______
maths. I couldn’t even pass the exam. I lost the heart and           83._______
missed the happy times all day long. I told me, “I don’t            84._______
belong to it. I don’t like the life here.”                          85._______

  ⑼ Tom and Dick are next door neighbour who work                  76.________
in the same office so they walked together to and from              77.________
office. Some day as they were walking home together it              78.________
  sudden started to rain. Tom quickly opened his umbrella           79.___
and said, “My wife surely has foresight (预见) . She said          80.________
on this morning it would rain and told me to carry my               81.________
umbrella with me.” Dick smiled and walked to him, said,            82.________
 “My wife has even great foresight. She told me not to             83.________
carry an umbrella and as she knew you would certainly               84.________
have with you.”                                                    85.________

 ⑽  Dear Sir or Madam,
I see your advertisement in a student magazine and             76. ______
I’m interesting to know more about your diving courses.            77. ______
First of all, I should explain that although I can swim I’m        78. ______
not very confident in the water. But you mentioned your             79. ______
advertisement that your instructors are full qualified(称职),       80. ______
so I believe they’ll able to teach someone like me to dive.        81. ______
I have one week’s holiday in the three week of June                82. ______
and would like to know that if there’s a course running at         83. ______
that time. How much does a week’s course worth? Finally,           84. ______
if I decide to go ahead, are there any special equipment I          85. ______
need to buy or is everything provided by your company?
I look forward to hearing from you.
                                              Sincerely yours,
                                                         Tom

 ⑾ Dear Xiaohua,
It is four days since Mother accepted the operation.     76._______
She is feeling much more better. The doctors told me     77._______
the operation was successful, but because her old age    78._______
she had to stay in hospital for other two weeks. The     79._______
doctors also say it was quite necessary for her to       80._______
do so. We expect to get a full report in two and three   81._______
days. Please tell the good news to the rest of family    82._______
as soon as possible. You needn’t to come here. I’m     83. _______
able to look after Mother by myself. You’d better       84. _______
send flowers to Mother. She will feel happily.           85. _______
                                                        Yours,
                                                        Xiaohui
⑿ Football is most popular game in England: one has only    76._______
to go to one of the important match to see this. Rich and     77._______
poor, young and old, one can see them all there, shout and    78._______
cheering for one side or the other. One of the surprised      79._______
things about football in England to a stranger is the great   80._______
knowledge of the game which still the smallest boy seems      81._______
to have it. He can tell you the names of the players in most  82._______
of the important team, he has photographs of them and         83._______
know the results of large numbers of matches. He will tell    84. _______
you his opinion which is usual as valuable as that of the adults. 85._______

 ⒀  Climbing is my favourite sport. I am very food it,        76. _______
especially in later autumn. One day early in the morning,      77. ____
my friends and I put on our sports shoes and start off.        78. _______
After climbing for half an hour, we got at the top of          79. _______
the mountain. There we had a good view miles around. In        80. _______
the north, a big river crossed the city. There were many       81.
ships sail busily. A lot of beautiful trees were there, too.   82. _______
The sun started to go down, for it was time for us             83. _______
to go back. On the road back, we were laughing and             84. _______
talking all the time. We had a good time on that day.          85. _______

⒁ Before lunch Allen happened to see a man fished in          76.______
a ditch about five metre outside a bar. Allen stopped          77.______
regarded him like a foolish man. Allen’s heart went out       79.______
of him. He said kindly to fish-catcher, “Hello, will          80.______
you please do me a favor and have a drink with me              81.______
in the bar?” The man gladly received his invitation.          82.______
After buying the man several cups soft-drinks,                 83.______
Allen asked, “You are fishing there, right? May I