1、英语单词变复数规则1.1名词复数的规则变化1.一般情况 加-s清辅音后读/s/ map-maps浊辅音和元音后读/z/ bag-bags /car-cars2.以s, sh, ch, x等结尾 加-es读/iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches3.以ce, se, ze,等结尾 加-s读/iz/ license-licenses4.以辅音字母+y结尾 变y为i再加es读/z/ baby-babies1.2其它名词复数的规则变化1)以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数。例如:two Marysthe Henrysmonkey-monkeyshol
2、iday-holidays2)以o结尾的名词,变复数时:a.加s,如:photo-photospiano-pianosradio-radioszoo-zoos;b.加es,如:potato-potatoestomato-tomatoesc.上述a和b两种方法均可,如zero-zeros / zeroes。3)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时:a.加s,如:belief-beliefsroof-roofssafe-safesgulf-gulfs;b.去f,fe加ves,如:half-halvesknife-knivesleaf-leaveswolf-wolveswife-wiveslife-live
3、sthief-thieves;c.上述a和b两种方法均可,如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。1.3名词复数的不规则变化1)child-childrenfoot-feettooth-teethmouse-miceman-menwoman-women注意:由一个词加man或woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。2)单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish
4、,Chinese,Japanese,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如:peoplepolicecattle等本身就是复数,不能说a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,
5、the Japanese,the Swiss等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用,如The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。b. news为不可数名词。c. the United States,the United Nations应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的。d.以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。例如:The
6、 Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book.一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事书。5)表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses(眼镜)trousers,clothes等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双);suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。6)另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼。1.4不同国籍人的单复数国籍总称(谓语用复数)单数复数中国人the Chinesea Chinesetwo Chi
7、nese瑞士人the Swissa Swisstwo Swiss澳大利亚人the Australiansan Australiantwo Australians俄国人the Russiansa Russiantwo Russians意大利人the Italiansan Italiantwo Italians希腊人the Greeka Greektwo Greeks法国人the Frencha Frenchmantwo Frenchmen日本人the Japanesea Japanesetwo Japanese美国人the Americansan Americantwo Americans印度人the Indiansan Indiantwo Indians加拿大人the Canadiansa Canadiantwo Canadians德国人the Germansa Germanstwo Germans英国人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes