点段动词与中考题.doc

点段动词与中考题
（一）考查点透视
    1.英语中的动词根据词汇意义可分为动作动词和状态动词，其中动作动词又可细分为点动词（或称为终止 性动词、瞬间动词、非延续性动词）和段动词（或称为延续性动词、持续性动词）。
    2.由于点动词所表示的动作发生与结束在一瞬间完成，所以点动词的完成体的肯定式既不能与表示一段时 间的状语for＋时间段或 since＋时间点连用，也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句之中。
    3.初中英语中常见的点动词有：leave，go， come ， arrive ，begin，buy，borrow，die，join，beco me等。
    4.点动词要表达持续时间，可用以下方法：
    （1）将时间状语改为时间段＋ago，句中谓语动词用一般过去时。
    My brother joined the army two years ago. 我哥哥参军两年了。
    （2）若保留for＋时间段，since＋时间点或用在how long 句型中，需将谓语动词改为相应的段动词或状 态动词。
    My brother has been in the army for two years.
    My brother has been a soldier for two years.
    （3）用“It is （或has been）＋时间段＋since... ”句型改写，该句型中since后面的谓语动词多为点 动词，且常用一般过去时。
    It is （或has been）two years since my brother joined thearmy.
    5.常见点动词与段动词（或状态动词）的对应关系如下：
    leave—be away（from）
    go ┐
    come │
    arrive │—be＋相应的介词短语
    get ┘
    begin—be on
    buy—have
    borrow—keep
    die—be dead
    join the army—┌be in the army
    └be a soldier
    join the Party—┌be in the Party
    └be a Party member
    catch a cold—have a cold
    fall asleep—be asleep
    6.点段动词与时间状语（从句）
    （1）when，before，after，as soon as等引导的时间状语从句中，点段动词均可充当谓语。
    （2）while引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。
    （3）until（或till）引导的时间状语（从句）中，若主句为否定结构，从句中的谓语动词点段动词均可 ，意为“直到……才”。若主句为肯定结构，从句中的谓语动词只能用段动词，表示主句的动作一直延续到un til句子所表示的时间为止。
    I didn't go to bed until I finished my homework.
    I read the book until my father came back.
    （二）考例及精析
    1.When he got to the station,the train ____ for a longtime.（’95北京）
    A.had been away B.had left
    C.has been away D.has left
    根据句中的时间状语for a long time， 再结合时间状语从句中的时态一致性原则，可判断A为正确答案。
    2.My brother ____ for a week.（’95河北）
    A.has had a cold B.caught a cold
    C.has caught a cold D.got a cold
    catch（a ） cold 的完成体的肯定式不能和一段时间状语for aweek 连用，须用表示状态的have a co ld，故A正确。
    3.My father joined the Party in 1945. He ____ a Partymember for about fifty years.（’9 5山西）
    A.had been B.has become
    C.had become D.has been
    “入团（党）多久”不能用点动词become，join的完成时的肯定式，而应用have been a League（Party）
    member for＋时间段， 故本题D为正确答案。
    4.They ____ friends since they met in Shanghai. （’95 江西）
    A.have made B.have become
    C.have been D.have turned
    选项A、B、D中动词完成时态的肯定式均不能和since＋时间点连用，须用表示状态的be，故C为正确答案。
    5.Tom's brother _____ for three years before he became ateacher.（’95济南）
    A.had joined the army B.has joined the army
    C.had been in the army D.has been a soldier
    根据考查点透视中所述，再结合时间状语从句中的时态一致性原则，故可判断出C为正确答案。
    6.The film had begun for fifteen minutes when I got to
    ───── ─────── ── ───
    A B C D
    the cinema.（’95武汉
    begin 为点动词， 其对应的状态动词为be on ， 故将A 处的hadbegun改为had been on。
    7.Mr Brown ______ the car for three months.（’96济南）
    A.bought B.had bought
    C.has had D.buys
    英语中buy为点动词，要表达“买多长时间了”， 只能用延续性动词have，故正确答案为C。
    8.How long ____ at this factory?（’96安徽）
    A.have you come B.has he in
    C.will he be D.has he been to
    “在某地呆多久”可用“be＋介词in或at＋地点名词”或直接用“be＋地点副词”。故该题只有选项C正确 ，表示将来。
    9.—How long have you _______ here?
    —About two months.（’96天津）
    A.been B.gone C.come D.arrived
    选项B、C、D中的动词均为终止性动词，故不能用在how long 引导的特殊疑问句中，所以正确答案为A，表 示“在这儿呆多久”， 由于后面紧接副词here故been后的介词省略。
    10.Our maths teacher has ____ Australia for a week. （’97南京）
    A.gone to B.been in
    C.arrived in D.been to
    同第⑧题，正确答案为B。注意B与D的区别关键是been后的介词，in表示“逗留”，to表示“去过”哪里。
    11.—Excuse me. How long may I _____ the book?（’97 福州）
    —Two weeks.
    A.borrow B.keep C.lend D.kept
    “借多久”只能用延续性动词keep，而不能用点动词borrow。
    12.Her grandma has ____ for three years.（’97天津）
    A.died B.been dead C.death
    英语中die为点动词，不能与表示延续的时间状语连用， 须用been加形容词形式表示状态，故B为正确答案 。
    （三）强化练习
    1.How long do you think they _____ the TV factory?
    A.have been to B.have reached
    C.have been in D.have arrived at
    2.My uncle ____ the Communist Party five years ago.
    A.took part in B.has joined
    C.had been in D.joined
    3.I'll lend you my dictionary, but you can only ____ itfor one day.
    A.keep B.borrow C.lend D.take
    4.—How long _____ you _ a cold?
    —Since three days ago.
    A.did; have B.did; catch
    C.have; had D.have; caught
    5.How long has your father _____ Boston?
    A.been to B.gone to
    C.left D.been in
    6.I _____ the dictionary for two years.
    A.bought B.have had
    C.have bought D.have
    7.I joined the League last year. I _____ for one year.
    A.joined in B.joined
    C.have joined in D.have been a League member
    8.We were sorry to hear that the boy ____ home for somedays.
    A.has left B.has been away from
    C.had left D.had been away from
    9.—May I __ the story-book for a month?
    —Yes, you may.
    A.borrow B.lend C.keep D.take
    10.He said he _____ a soldier _____ ten years.
    A.has been; since B.has joined; for
    C.had joined; in D.had been; for
    11.How long have you _____ Xi'an?
    A.come to B.been to
    C.lived in D.gone in
    12.My uncle ______ the Party in 1978. He _____ for over19 years.
    A.joined; has been a Party member
    B.joined; has joined the Party
    C.has joined; has been the Party
    D.has joined; has been in the Party
    13.My brother _____ the Youth League for two years
    A.has been in B.has entered
    C.has taken part in D.has joined into
    14.Jack ____ a postman for about 6 years.
    A.has become B.has turned
    C.has changed D.has been
    15.When he came home, I ____ for three hours.
    A.have fallen asleep B.had fallen asleep
    C.had been asleep D.have slept
    Key:1.C 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.D 8.D 9.C 10.D 11.C 12.A 13.A 14.D 15.C
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