初中英语宾语从句专项语法讲解_.doc

在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 1语序 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句连词宾语从句（主语谓语）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种： 1）连接词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who，what，which等。如： Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？ The small children dont know what is in their stockings这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？ 2）连接词名词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如： He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class他问我们班上谁的书法最好。 The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room老师问我们房间里有多少人。 3）连接词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。如： He hasnt decided if hell go on a trip to Wuxi他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。 Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？ 4）连接词名词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如： Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？ She asked me if I knew whose pen it was她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。 2连接词 1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如： He said that he could finish his work before supper他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。 2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如： I dont know if whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。 但在下列情况下只能用whether： 在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（ifor not也可以使用）。如： Let me know whether if he will come or not（Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。 I dont know whether if he does any washing or not（I dont know whether or not he does any washing）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。 I wonder whether we stay or whether wego我不知道我们是去还是留。 在介词之后用whether。如： Im interested in whether he likes English我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。 Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。 I worry about whether I hurt her feelings我担心是否伤了她的感情。 在不定式前用whether。如： He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。 I dont know whether to go我不知去否。 He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。 whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如： Whether this is true or not，I cant say这是否真的我说不上来。 引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如： Whether she will come or not is still a question她是否能来还是个问题。 The question is whether we can catch the bus问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。 若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如： Please let me know if you like the book可理解为： aPlease let me know whether you like the book请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。 bIf you like the book，please let me know你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。 3）如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如： Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗？ 3时态 含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容： 1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如： I dont know when he will come back我不知道他将何时回来。 He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。 2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如： The children didnt know who he was孩子们不知道他是谁。 He asked his father how it happened他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。 3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如： The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老师说地球绕着太阳转。 4注意： if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如： Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？ Sorry，I dont knowWhen he comes back，Ill tell you对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。 I dont know if he will come我不知道他是否会来。 He will come if it doesnt rain如果不下雨，他会来的。 初中英语宾语从句语法专项精选试题 习题(一) 答案:1-5 A D C B C 习题(二) 答案:1-7 C B B A A A C 习题(三) 1. They dont know their parents are. A that B what C why D which 2. Please tell me _what last year. A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked 3. She asked me if I knew _. A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it 4. You must remember _. A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said 5 Did you know _ A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after 6 Could you tell me _ A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing 答案:1-6 B D B A A C 习题(四) 1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. (北京市东城区) A. that B. how C. whatD. if 2. I dont know _ Mr. Green will come to see us. He will help us with our English. (杭州市) A. why B. when C. how D. where 3. We never know _ the old m an is. They say he is a teacher. (鄂州市) A. what B. who C. which D. where 4. I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers. (重庆市) A. that how B. how that C. when that D. that when 5. Do you know _ Im going to see him. Sorry, I dont know. (北京市海淀区) A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived 6. W here do you think _ he _ the computer Sorry, I have no idea. (南京市) A. /; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy 7. I dont feel very well. Mum asked me _ this morning. (重庆市) A. what the matter is B. what is wrong C. what the matter was D. what wrong was 8. Where is Jack He is away to spend his holiday. Hes gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but Im not sure _ . (南昌市) A. that B. which C. where D. there 答案:14 D A A D 58 C A C C