高中英语状语从句.doc

状语从句
一．状语从句定义
状语从句是一个相当于副词的从句，在句中起副词的作用，充当状语。状语从句主要分为时间，地点，原因，方式，条件，让步，比较，目的和结果状语从句。
温馨提示：一般情况下，状语从句从句的引导词在状语从句中不充当成分，根据上下文的逻辑关系来选引导词，所以要重点掌握状语从句的引导词的含义。

二.状语从句的引导词
状语从句中的常用连词和特殊连词
从句
类型
常用连接词
特殊连接词
时间状语从句
when，while，as，before，after，since，till，until，as soon as,
by the time
一些时间名词：the moment，the instant，the minute，the day，next time，every time，the first time，the last time
一些副词：instantly，immediately，directly
固定搭配的连词：no sooner...than，hardly/scarcely...when
地点状语从句
where
wherever，anywhere
原因状语从句
because，since，as，for
considering that，given that，in that，now that，for the reason that
目的状语从句
(so) that，in order that
lest，for fear that，in case
结果状语从句
so/such...that，so that
to the/such a degree that，to the/such an extent that
条件状语从句
if，unless，as long as
suppose，supposing，providing，provided，on condition that
让步状语从句
although，though，even though，even if
while(一般用于句首)，as(用于倒装结构)，wh－ever＝no matter wh－，whether...or...
比较状语从句
as，than
the more...，the more...
方式状语从句
as，as if/though
the (same) way，A is to B what C is to D

1. 时间状语从句
状语从句中从属连词when，while，as的多种含义
when：当……时候；就在那时；既然；虽然；在……之后；
as：一边……一边；随着；虽然因为；依照，如……；
while：在……期间；而；虽然。
用when，while和as填空：
①He will take my place ________ I am away.
②I was having my lunch ________ the fire alarm went off.
③________ you have finished your work，you may have a rest.
④________ he swam，he cried for help.
⑤________ the Internet is of great help，I don't think it good to spend too much time on it.
【答案】①while　②when　③When　④As　⑤While
　before的用法
注意判断before在状语从句中的含义：才；就；趁……没有；还没来得及；宁可……也不；不知不觉。
【解析】before 常用于以下句型：
It will (not ) be +时间段+ before….表示“要过多久/ 不久…才…”
It was not long + before …表示“不久就….”
It was +时间段+ before …表示“过了多久才…”

1. 判断下列各句中before的含义：
(　　)①We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.
(　　)②We hadn't run a mile before he felt tired.
(　　)③Please write it down before you forget it.
(　　)④Before I could get in a word，he had measured me.
(　　)⑤She would die before she'd give in.
(　　)⑥Three months went by before we knew it.
2. 区别以下句型：
用before，that，since，when填空：
①It's three days ________ he returned home.
②It was three days________ he returned home.
③It will be three days________ he returns home.
④It was three days later ________ he returned home.
⑤It was three o'clock ________ he returned.
【答案】1. ①才　②就　③趁……没有 ④还没来得及　⑤宁可……也不　⑥不知不觉
2. ①since　②before　③before　④that　⑤when
[注]解答此类题目关键有三点：首先要确定是不是强调句，当我们把it is/was以及连接词去掉时，剩余部分若能构成一个完整的句子，就是强调句，这时连词用that；否则，就要考虑它的句式特点。其次要看是时间段还是时间点。再次是连接词前后的时态。当确定为时间段时，连接词前后时态不一致，用since；时态一致，用before；当确定为时间点时，强调句就用that，否则就用when。

The moment he saw me ,he recognized me. 他一看见我，就认出我了（the moment,the minute, the instant 名词连词化=as soon as=immediately,directly 副词连词化）
.till/until 表示到...时间为止主句的动作结束。Not...until...表示到...时间为止主句的动作才开始。until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。
Eg. He waited.( until I came here等的动作在我来的时候结束）
他等到我来这儿。
He didn’t go there until he finished his homework.(去那里到他完成作业时才发生）直到他完成作业才去那儿。

①She ________ (sleep) until midnight.
She ________ (arrive)until midnight.
②He didn't go to bed until he finished his work.
＝____．(倒装句)＝____．(强调句)
【答案】①slept；didn't arrive　②Not until he finished his work did he go to bed；It was not until he finished his work that he went to bed
2.地点状语从句:where ,wherever
Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者事竟成。
I want to go wherever climate is mild. 我想去气候温和的地方。
3.原因状语从句：because, since, as, in that, now that（= since）
Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school.（直接原因）因为他病了，他没去上学。
Since/Now that we are all here, let’s begin our meeting.（大家都知道的原因，since既然）
既然大家都到齐了，我们开始开会吧。
As he did not know much English , he looked up the word in the dictionary .
　　 由于他不懂什么英语，所以查字典。
He is a good student in that he studies hard.(in that在于）
温馨提示:because, since, as, in that, now that（= since）的区别
because 表示直接原因，用于下面几种情况
1）用why 提问，回答时必须用because
----Why was he late?
----Because he was caught in the traffic jam.
2)只有because 能用于强调句中 ,不能用since, as, in that, now that
It is because he didn’t study hard that he failed in the exam.
3）当前面有副词时，如partly/mainly/totally等，只能用because
The air pollution is very serious mainly because vehicles let out carbon dioxide.
空气污染很严重主要因为车辆排放二氧化碳。
since=now that “既然”，不是直接原因，是大家都知道的原因。
as “由于”，在口语中可代替because.
for 是并列连词，放在句末，用逗号和前面的句子隔开，表示解释说明。
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet now.（两个并列句）
昨天晚上一定下雨了，因为地湿了。
4. 让步状语从句: although, though, even if, even though, as, whatever(=mo matter what), however(=no matter how), whoever(=no matter who), whomever(=no matter whom), whenever(= no matter when), wherever(=no matter where), whichever(=no matter which), whether...or... （无论是...还是）
Although/though/Even if /Even though it is raining hard, the workers are still working outside.尽管天正在下很大雨，工人们还在外面工作。
Child as he is ,he knows a lot.尽管他是一个孩子，他知道的很多。
Whatever/No matter what he does, he is always careful with it.
无论他做什么事情，他总是非常谨慎。
However /No matter how hard the maths problem is , I will work it out.
无论这道数学题有多么的难，我都要把它做出来。
Whether you go or stay, I don’t care.
无论你是走还是留，我都不在乎。
温馨提示: 1.although引导让步壮语从句，从句绝对不倒装。
though引导让步壮语从句，从句可以倒装也可以不倒装
as 引导让步壮语从句，从句一定倒装
Child as/though he is ,he knows a lot.=Although/though he is a child,he knows a lot. 尽管他是一个孩子，他知道的很多。
5.条件状语从句 :if（如果）, unless（除非，如果不）,as/so long as ,in case, provided that,
providing that,on condition that如果，只要
Unless you are familiar with the place, you will not be permitted to go there.
=If you are not familiar with the place, you will not be permitted to go there.
除非你熟悉那个地方，否则你将不被允许去那儿。
As long as/If/On condition that/... you make every effort to do it, you will succeed.只要你努力，你就会成功。
6.结果状语从句: so...that..., such...that..., so that
He is so good at English that we all admire him.他如此擅长英语以致于我们都钦佩他。
He is such a good man that people all like him.他是一个如此好的人以致于人们都喜欢他。
He studied hard so that he passed the exam. 他努力学习结果他通过了考试。
so...that...和 such...that...引导结果状语从句的区别
①so＋形容词/副词＋that...
so＋形容词＋a(n)＋名词＋that...
②such＋a(n)＋形容词＋名词＋that...
such＋形容词＋不可数名词/可数名词的复数＋that...
[注]so/such...that...放在句首时要倒装。
完成下列句子：
①He is such a good teacher that we all respect him.
＝He is ________________ that we all respect him.
＝So ________________ that we all respect him.
＝Such ________________ that we all respect him.
②He made ________ rapid progress that the teacher praised him.
＝He made ________ much progress that the teacher praised him.
【答案】①so good a teacher；good a teacher is he；a good teacher is he　②such；so
温馨提示: so that 还可以进到目的状语从句，从句经常有情态动词
He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.（目的状语从句）
他起的很早为了能赶上第一班公共汽车。
7.目的状语从句：so that,in order that 为了从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词
You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.
8.比较状语从句: than比...更... , as...as..和...一样...
He runs faster than I (run).
He runs as fast as I (run).
He doesn’t run as/so fast as I (run).
温馨提示:1.比较状语从句的谓语如果和主句的谓语相同，比较状语从句的谓语经常省略。 .
2., as...as..和...一样...如果用于否定句，第一个as可以改成so,也可以不改。
3.如果as...as..中提到名词，名词要放在as...as之间
He is as good a student as I (am).
他和我一样是一个好学生。
9. 方式状语从句:as 像...一样, as if /though 仿佛，好像
Americans use “fall” just as the British did three hundred years ago.
美国人用秋天这个词，就像英国人300年前那样使用。
He treated me as if/though I were his son.
他对待我好像我是他的儿子一样。
* 状语从句的一些特别用法
1.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中经常用一般现在时表示将来，主句用将来时。
2.as if /though 仿佛，好像 从句中的谓语动词经常用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反用过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时；与将来事实相反，用would/might/could+do
He talked a lot as if he had known everything .（与过去事实相反）
他谈了很多好像他知道一切。
*状语从句的省略现象
当when，while，if，unless，as，though，as if，as though等引导时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句时，如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致(或虽不一致，是it)，从句的谓语又包含动词be，就可省略从句中的“主语＋be”部分。if，unless，when，though，once，as if 等连词后用－ing表示主动，－ed表示被动；as if 后如表示目的，则用to do表示。
[注]after，before，since，without后接being done表示被动。
完成下列句子：
①____________(如果有必要的话)，I'll explain to you again.
②Although ________(lack) money，they sent their children to school.
③When ____________(complete)，the hall can hold 2，000 people.
④He stopped as if ____________(see) if someone followed him.
【答案】①If necessary　②lacking　③completed　④to see
1. We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started.
A. when B. while C. until D. before
2. He was about to tell me the secret ______ someone patted him on the shoulder.
A. as B. until C. while D. when
3. (05上海) He transplanted the little tree to the garden ______ it was the best time for it.
A. where B. when C. that D. until
4. (05福建) －Did Jack come back early last night?
－Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock ____ he arrived home.
A. Before B. when C. that D. Until
5. (04年江苏) ______ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.
A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless
6. Mary made coffee her guests were having their meal.(全国)
A. so that B. although C. while D. as if
7. (2014·江苏卷)Lessons can be learned to face the future, ________ history cannot be changed.
A. though B. as C. since D. unless
8. If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, no matter ____ great it is.
A. what B. how C. however D. whatever
9. If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, ____ great it is.
A. what B. how C. however D. whatever
10. If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, ____ difficulty it is.
A. what B. how C. however D. whatever
11. If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, no matter ____ difficulty it is.
A. what B. how C. however D. whatever
12. China has sent 158 engineers to Tibet ______ they can restore communication facilities destroyed by Saturday’s earthquake.
A. so as to B. such as to C. so that D. such that
13. China confirms PLA to take part in Russia's Victory Day parade, ______ unexpected terrible things happen.
A. when B. because C. before D, unless
14. I don't believe we've met before, _______ I must say you do look familiar.
A. therefore B. although C. since D. unless
15. (2014·天津卷)________ you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier.
A. Unless B. Although C. Before D. Once
16. I had hardly got to the office ___ my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
A. when B. than C. until D. after
17.—Look at those clouds!
—Don’t worry. ______ it rains, we’ll still have a great time.
A. Even if B.As though C. In case D. If only
18. It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties ____ it gets more financial support from the European Union.
A. if B. unless C. because D. since
19. The map is one of the best tools a man has he goes to a new place.
A. whenever B. whatever C. wherever D. however
20. Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn't get a taxi ________ the bus had dropped her.
A. until B. when C. although D. where
21. One’s life has value ________ one brings value to the life of others.
A. so that B. no matter how C. as long as D. except that
22. ________ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.
A. While B. Once C. If D. Until
23. ________ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whenever
24. Hot _______ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
A. although B. as C. while D. however
25. — Coach, can I continue with the training?
— Sorry, you can’t ________ you haven’t recovered from the knee injure.
A. until B. before C. because D. unless
26. (2014·重庆卷)Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn't get a taxi ________ the bus had dropped her.
A. until B. when C. although D. where
27. (2014·北京卷)Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ________ plants can spread to new places.
A. so B. or C. for D. but
28. (2014·陕西卷)The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left ________ I could ask for their names.
A. while B. before C. after D. since
29. (2013·江苏卷)In the global economy，a new drug for cancer，________ it is discovered，will create many economic possibilities around the world
A. whatever B. whoever C. wherever D. whichever
30. (2013·北京卷)Many countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected.
A. when B. which C. whose D. where
31. (2013· 全国新课标卷)I was glad to meet Jenny again，________ I didn't want to spend all day with her
A. but B. and C. so D. or
32.. (2013·山东卷)Mark needs to learn Chinese ________ his company is opening a branch in Beijing.
A. unless B. until C. although D. since
33. (2012·重庆卷)—Coach，can I continue with the training?
—Sorry，you can't ________ you haven't recovered from the knee injury.
A. until B. before C. as D. unless
34. The dog，if ________，will be made a good watchdog.
A. to train properly B. being trained properly
C. properly to train D. trained properly
35. __________ the students came from different countries, they got along quite well in the summer camp.
A. While B. Unless C. Since D.As
二．
1.Opposite is St.Paul’s Church, which you can hear some lovely music.(2015)
2.You won’t find paper cutting difficult as if you keep practicing it.
3. It is so cold that you can’t go outside once fully covered in thick clothes.
4.Since scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don't know.
5.Since he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.
6.Just because a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.
7．—What should we pay more attention to if we go camping in the mountains?
—Nothing special. Take a special pair of glasses providing that the wind there is strong and cold.
8．He didn't tell his wife about buying a new car for her even though he could give her a big surprise on her birthday.
9．—I'm sorry to tell you that you made a mistake in your test.
—How can that be? I did it as was told in class.
10．It was quite a long time when I figured out what had happened to the manager.
11．When you read the book, you'd better make a mark at which you have any questions.
12．I was feeling left out in the ne