高考冲刺集训.doc

高考冲刺集训
高考任务阅读备忘
一、解题技巧—微技能训练
1、 信息查找题（原词重现）
解题关键：根据问题查找定位信息。注意：判断能否使用原词。
（1）5W and 1H: who,what, when, where,why, how
（2）时间先后： first, then, after that, next,finally
（3）因果：because, thus, lead to, cause, as a result
（4）比较：similarly, differently
（5）转折：but, while, however, instead, on the contrary
2、 信息转换题（词形转换，固定搭配）
解题关键：根据问题查找定位信息,分析转换成另一种表达方式。
（1）词性转换。动词与名词转换、形容词与副词转换、形容词与名词转换等。例如：
1….be responsible for your own learning….
→Take _____for one’s own learning.
2.The first step that needs to be taken is to strengthen people’s awareness of the environmental dangers.
→The first thing we can do is to make the public_____of the environmental dangers.
3.Communication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person neds and expects when selecting message to share.
→Needs and _____ of others should be considered.
4.With all the information available, it’s not surpriseing that people can feel confused.
→There is a lot of job information on-line,but too much of it may sometimes be ________.
5.Let them know in advance that if it’s getting too loud, they shouldn’t hesitate to let you know.
→Let them know they can point out your problem without any_________.
6.You can also learn how to apply for jobs.
→Its vast resources include ways of job_______.
7. It’s worth taking the time and finding as much information as you can
→The time you spend and the efforts you make will be _______.
8.Another part of the body that need special caution was the eyes.
→We need to be ______of the eyes being harmed by dangerous reflected from the sun.
9.It’s also important for every student to set high academic goals so as to be able to build a good career.
→Students who want to build a good career should attach_______ to setting high academic goals.
10.You’ll get some profit in return, and you won’t have to be burdened with a car…
→You will both get profit and get rid of the _______of a useless car.
（2）句子结构转换。仔细比较原句和题目，找出差异。
11. But every day we experience the centrality of ourselves in communication.
→We are always ________in communication with others.
12.Although there is evidence that after-school programs can make a great difference, it is important to note that not all programs are equal.
→________a positive difference after-school programs make, we should note that not all programs are equal.
13.So a little magnetic needle that swings freely lines itself with the big earth magnet to point north and south.
→Our earth is a big magnet and a little freely_______ magnetic needle lines itself with the big earth magnet to point north and south.
14. It is a long way to fight against water pollution. Much has to be done to protect our living space.
→Although it is a long way to fight against it, we have no _______but to do much to protect our living space.
15. Parents can help their seventh and eighth grade students stand out in and out of their English classroom by introducing them to newspapers.
→_______ students seventh and eighth grades to newspapers can be helpful in learning English.
（3）使用同义词或反义词。以前缀和后缀来表示，例如happy-unhappy, like-dislike,等。
16.Sometime we were so stubborn about doing things on our on that we don’t ask others for help.
→Be _______about whether you should ask for help.
17.Staying too much in your comfort zone would just cause you to remain where you are and therefore never improve.
→Don’t live a life without any challenge, and try to _______our comfort zone.
18.She thought her husband was faithful to her. But the discovery shocked her.
→The discovery that her husband was_______ to her was a shocking to her.
19.Floating garbage, old tries, pieces of paper, pop cans and bottles are not pleasant to look at.
→It can be ________to look at but least harmful and easy to clean and prevent.
20.But they say it’s far from clear that social isolation, not loneliness, is always the real cause of increased death rate.
→It was still________that social isolation rather than loneliness is the the real cause of higher death rate.
（4）另选它词、使用固定短语等转述。
21.To cut the total number of cancer cases by 25%.
→To cut the total number of cancer cases by one ___
22.People thinking of taking aspirin should first consult their doctors because of the possible side effect.
→People should discuss with their doctors________taking aspirin.
23. We are constantly providing behaviors that have communicative value for them.
→We are constantly ________meanings by what we do.
24.Most of respondents reported asking a doctor for help with sleep problems.
→Most people reported________ to a doctor for help with sleep problems.
25.When people don’t see a difference right away, they will lose heart and stop exercising.
→People would be________if they don’t see a difference within a short time.
26.What’s worse, Pete’s lack of focus leads to his failure.
→Apart from it, his lack of focus_______about his failure.
27.It’s likely that your timing was just off. →________are your timing was just off.
28.Make sure that it is still in useful condition. →Make sure your car still________well.
3、 信息归纳题（概括提炼）
解题关键：根据问题查找定位信息,找共性的东西。归纳词的特征有：概括性，在最大程度上覆盖栏内信息；针对性，量体裁衣，语义涵盖面适当。
常见概括性词有：
例如：
29.导致压力的原因 _________of stress / reasons for/ factors on stress
30.解决问题的办法ways to solve the problem/ ________to solving the problem / ________to the problem / measures to solve the problem
二、解题注意点：
1、注意表达
①整个文章结构（大小标题）
②内容表达（平行结构； 上下一致）
2、注意词形
①主谓一致（第三人称单数）；
②时态、语态；
③非谓语动词形式；
④字母大小写、拼写（是否双写）；
⑤连词、介词；
⑥名词的单复数和格；
⑦形容词、副词的原级、比较级、最高级。
三、实战演练：
请认真阅读下列短文, 并根据所读内容在文章后表格的空格处里填人最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格填1个单词。
There’re seven oceans across most of the earth's surface. But they contain saltwater, unfit for human consumption. Only a tiny part of the world's water – about 2.5 percent – is drinkable. That still would be an enough supply if it were clean and available where needed. However, it's not.
Today some 1.2 billion people lack access to safe drinking water and 2.6 billion lack proper waste water treatment. As a result, polluted water supplies are blamed for the worldwide deaths of 1.8 million children, according to the United Nation's Human Development Report for 2006.That means 4,900 children under 5 years old died per day.
What's more children worldwide miss 443 million days of school each year because of water-related illnesses. The UN also estimates that half of the world's hospital beds are occupied by patients suffering from water-borne diseases.
Beyond that, millions of people (almost always women) in different parts of the world spend hours per day carrying water up to several miles for their family's needs because no source is close at hand.
Since 1992, the UN has sponsored(倡议) World Water Day, observed on March 22, to raise awareness of the need to protect and improve access to clean water supplies. 
"When the well is dry, then we know the worth of water," said Benjamin Franklin, long before today's water challenges.
It's clear that competition for water "will intensify(加剧) in the decades ahead," said Kemal Dervis, administrator of the United Nations Development Program in its 2006 report. "Water is the fundamental resource, crossing borders through rivers, lakes – a fact that points to the potential for cross-border tensions in water-stressed regions."
Growing populations, are using up water resources, and climate change is expected to worsen the problem as it changes rainfall patterns. A new UN study shows that as temperatures have gone up, the world's glaciers(冰川) have been decreasing at fast rates and may disappear entirely within a few decades. China, India, and the West Coast of the United States are among populous places that rely on glaciers for their water supply. Glaciers feed some of the world's great rivers, which serve billions of people.
One of the UN's Millennium Development Goals, established in 2000, is to cut in half by the year 2015 the population unable to reach or afford safe drinking water. Achieving that goal is "critically important," says UN Secretary-General Ban Ki Moon. "When you look at the health and development challenges faced by the poorest of the world's population, the common sticking point often turns out to be water." Governments and private groups are working hard to solve the problem as well.
Title
A Mighty Global Thirst
Facts
Drinkable water (1)_____up only 2.5 percent of the world’s water.
Safe drinking water is not(2) ________to some 1.2 billion people.
2.6 billion people are (3)_______ of proper wastewater treatment.
1.8 million children died from polluted water supplies in 2006.
Children worldwide are (4)________from school for 443 million days because of water-related illness.
Water-borne diseases keep people in half of the world’s hospital beds.
Millions of people spend hours per day carrying water a long distance to meet their family needs.
Purpose of the UN’s sponsoring World Water Day
To make people more (5)______ of the need to protect and improve access to clean water supplies.
(6)_______ of the global thirst
Water pollution
Growing (7)__________
Potential threat
Climate change, which may result in the (8)________ of glaciers in the near future.
Efforts
The UN aims to cut in half by the year 2015 the population having no (9)______ to safe drinking water.
Governments and private groups are trying to work out a (10)______ to the problem.