高考阅读题型探究猜测词义导学案.doc

高考阅读题型探究
--词语猜测微技能导学案
Step1 Lead-in: Read the following sentence loudly and pay attention to the underlined word.
Today is a special day, as many teachers present are to share class with us. Let’s give our teachers an ardency welcome.

感悟高考:To guess the underlined word in the short passage.
Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice. The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital. Addis Ababa, is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom. A team from the Museum of National Science in Houston, Texas, spent four years discussing with Ethiopians for the U.S tour, which will start in Houston next September.
What do the words “ a replica” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. A painting of the skeleton
B. A photography of Lucy
C. A copy of the skeletons
D. A written record of Lucy
Step2 Skills to share:
1.利用定义描述知识猜测单词意思：定义或者释义关系常由定语从句或　be called, be known as, be defined as等词汇或破折号表示或 由 is ，that is (to say), in other words, to put is in another way 引出一些具体的解释性的短语放在生词后做它的同位语，用逗号隔开，构成同位关系
Practice: to guess the following underlined words.
1. His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals._________

2. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.___________

3. Semantics, the study of the meaning of words，is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently._________
2.利用同义关系和反义关系猜测词义
特别关注阅读文章构成同义关系的词有：and或or, like, as…as , the same as等.
Practice: to guess the following underlined words.
1. Mother was tall, fat and mid-aged. My aunt was an old man, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.___________
2. In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate or water their fields.
3. All the other members are of the same opinion. They are unanimous. ___________
思考：联想出英语阅读中表示转折关系的连接词：but, while, however, instead of, rather than, unlike, yet ,though, otherwise, in contrast, on the contrary 等.
Practice: to guess the following underlined words.
1. Though tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. _______
2. Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate. ________
3. In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.______
3.利用因果关系猜测以下词义: because, as, since, for, so, thus, hence, therefore, as a result, so… that, such… that.表示前因后果。
Practice: to guess the following underlined words.
1. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.________

2. Tom is considered an autocratic manager because he makes decisions without seeking opinions of others._________
3.He is such a shrewd business man that he loses no money in any trade._________
4.利用举例归纳法猜测以下词义
1. Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes.________
2. On the farm they mainly raise poultry such as chickens, ducks, and geese, for their eggs and meat.________
5.运用生活经验，生活常识，逻辑推理猜测词义
1. When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water._______
2. In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold.________
3. One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever._________
6.根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义(combine the new words with context)
[2014•福建卷] (节选)
(Para.4)By now paramedics(急救人员) had arrived, and were attending to the injured woman. As we walked up to her, my son became intimidated by all the blood and medical equipment. He said he was just too scared to go up to her.
问题：The underlined word “intimidated” in the fourth paragraph probably means “________”．
A．astonished B．struck
C．frightened D．excited
7.指代型猜测的应用（关注文章中的代词所指代的方向）
[2014•福建卷] (节选)
(Para.1)Walt Disney is credited for creating such wonderful things as Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse. However, he cannot take the credit for creating other well-loved characters, such as Cinderella and Snow White. They are almost automatically associated with Disney because Disney turned old fables(寓言) into cartoon movies
What does the underlined word “They” in the first paragraph refer to?
A．Such wonderful things. B．Other well-loved characters.
C．Old fables. D．Cartoon movies.

Step3:Inquiry-based Activities:探究活动(consolidation)
Passage1: During the Great Depression of the 1930s, the popcorn business still thrived as people could still afford it. Then in the 1950s television arrived and popcorn consumption decreased. People stayed home and stopped going to the theatre. But the link between movies and popcorn had already existed. Soon people began making popcorn at home on the stove. Later, microwave popcorn was introduced.
The underlined word “ strived” in the paragraph probably means “_______”
A. started to be popular B. was seriously affected
C. suffered a lot D. developed very well
Passage 2: I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and I had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I signed and sat down to read my Economics.
Which of the following words can best take the place of the word “ relish” in the second paragraph?
A. choose B. enjoy C. prepare for D. carry on
Passage3: I arrived at my mother’s home for our Monday family dinner. The smells of food flew over from the kitchen. Mother was pulling out quilt(被子) after quilt from the boxes, proudly showing me their beauties. She was preparing for a quilt show at the Elmhurst Church. When we began to fold and put them back into the boxes, I noticed something at the bottom of one box, I pulled it out. “what is this” I asked.
“oh?” Mom said, “That’s mama’s quilt.”
I spread the quilt. It looked as if a group of school children had pieced it together; irregular designs, childish picture, a crooked line on the right.
“ Grandmother made this?” I said, surprised. My grandmother was a master at making quilts. This certainly didn’t look like any of the quilts she had made
“ Yes, right before she died. I bought it home with me last year and made some changes,” she said. “ I’m still working on it. See, this is what I’ve done so far.”
I looked at it more closely. She had made straight a crooked line.
The underlined word “ crooked” in the passage most probably means “_________”
A. unfinished B. broken C. bent D. unusual
Passage4 :[2014•湖南卷] (节选)
(Para.2)The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency(效率)，which instead focus on architectural and technological developments.
问题：The underlined word “which” in Paragraph 2 refers to“________”．
A．the ways B．their homes　
C．developments D．existing efforts