高中英语时态和语态复习学案.doc

时态和语态
一、时态 (注意部分时态常考的一些特有用法)
1. 一般现在时
主句是将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。
If you don’t attend Jane’s wedding tomorrow, nor will I.
2. 一般过去时
易与完成时混淆
Zhang Yong, who studied in America for 3 years, now is the CEO of a company in Shanghai.
He has studied in Beijing University for 4 years and now is going abroad for further education.
3. 一般将来时
除了有 shall/ will do 的形式外，还有以下形式构成将来时：
(1) be going to do 表示计划、意图。
There is going to be an important meeting tomorrow.
(2) be about to do 不与具体的时间连用。或构成句型“…be about to do….. when…..”
Please get everything ready. The experiment is about to start.
We were about to go to bed when there was a knock at the door.
(3) be to do 表示按计划、官方决定、命令、注定要发生等,可与具体时间连用,
The Prime Minister is to speak on television tonight.
4. 现在进行时
(1) go, come, leave, get, start, arrive, fly 等词常用进行时表示将来。
He is leaving for Beijing next month.
(2) 与always, constantly, forever 等频率副词连用，表示赞赏、埋怨等情绪。
She is always borrowing money and forgetting to pay me back.
5. 过去进行时
高考题考查过去进行时，经常不出现过去的某一时间作为提示，而是要求根据上下文情景，判断出是在过去的某一时刻发生的事情。
——What did you say just now? 刚才你说什么？
——Oh, you weren’t listening to me! 噢，你刚才（我说话时）没在听我说！
——Why didn’t you answer my call last night? 昨晚你为什么不接我的电话？
——I was having a bath. （你打电话时）我正在洗澡。
6. 现在完成时
常见模式
(1)——Have … done…? 已经……了吗（完成时）？
——Yes, … did…..(when/where/how). 是的，是在何时、何地、以何种方式做的（过去时）。
例如：——Have you seen the film? —— Yes, I saw it last week with my brother.
（2）——Have … done…? 已经……了吗（完成时）？
——No, …was doing / had done…. 还没有，因为当时正在/已经……( 相应的过去时态)”
例如：——Have you talked with Mr Smith?
—— No, he was talking with the students when I arrived.
——Have you met your old friend?　
——No, he had left when I arrived at the airport.
（3）——Have … done…? 已经……了吗（完成时）？
——No, … be going to/ will do….. 还没有， 打算/ 马上去做…..
例如：——Have you watered the flowers? ——Oh, I forgot it! I will do it right now.
(4) 含有 since的句子：主句常用现在完成时，since之后的从句常用过去时。
I have never seen him since he left his hometown.
(5) 句型 It is the first time (that) sb have/has done….
It was the first time (that ) sb had done….
It is the second time that he has asked her to marry him.
(6) 口语中have got 常等于have, 因此，have got to 等于have to。
I’ve got a nice pen. We’ve got to finish the work tonight.
7. 过去完成时
(1) 一定要有“过去的时间”作参照，“过去的过去”才能用过去完成时。
I had learned 4000 words before I entered the university.
No sooner had we left the house than it began to rain.
(2) 表示意向的动词， 如 hope, expect, intend, mean, suppose, plan, think 等词，用过去完成时表示“原本打算……（未能实现）”
I had meant to help her, but I was too busy.
(3) by+过去时间，用过去完成时
We had learned 2500 English words by the end of last term.
8. 现在完成进行时
表示“现在之前一直持续不断的状况，可能已经停止，也有可能继续持续下去。”
—— Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
—— I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.
I have written a letter. ( 表示已经写完) I have been writing a letter. （表示还在写）
9. 将来进行时
表示将来的某个时刻会发生的事情。高考题中，或者出现将来的某一时间作为提示，或者要求根据上下文情景，判断出是在将来的某一时刻发生的事情。
I will be waiting for you at the restaurant this time tomorrow.
二、 语态
1. 英语动词有主动语态和被动语态. 不及物动词和词组无被动语态。被动语态的结构是be done, 有人称、单复数和时态的变化，体现在be 动词上
2. 动词+介词或副词构成的词组，要作为一个整体，不可漏掉介词或副词, 尤其易出现在改错题型。
The patient is being operated on.
Your pronunciation must be paid attention to.
3. 有些词即是及物动词又是不及物动词，如sell, wash, read, open, hang, write 等，如果这些动词涉及到人的动作，就用作及物动词；如果表示主语内在品质和性能，与well, badly, easily 等副词连用时，是不及物动词，用主动。
The book sells well. The books were sold out quickly.
The door won’t open. Who can help me open the door?
4. 不及物动词和词组没有被动语态。如 be to blame, take place, break out, belong to, consist of, , come into being, appear, disappear, remain等。
The fire broke out in the building.
Great changes have taken place in the 21st century.
5. get +done 也可用于表示被动，强调动作的结果.
He got caught by the police driving at 80 kilometers per hour through Cambridge.
动词时态的考察尤其注重联系上下文语境，题干中的提示信息由外显型（如时间状语、副词提示词等）转向隐藏型，因此，读懂上下文，分析语境，找出尽量多的隐藏信息，是做好时态题的关键。
做题思路：根据题干提供的信息，
Step 1 识别动词是主动还是被动
Step 2 判别发生在现在、过去还是将来
Step 3 根据具体情景确定一般、进行、完成或是完成进行。
1. ---The food here is nice enough. --- My friend _____ to me a right place.
A. introduces B. introduced C. had introduced D. was introducing
2. ---Ann is in hospital. ---Oh, really? I _______ know. I ______ go and visit her.
A. didn’t; am going to B. don’t; would C. don’t; will D. didn’t; will
3. Excuse me, Marcia, a reporter from Vanity Fair _____ all day. Could you speak to her now?
A. phones B. had phoned C. has been phoning D. phoned
4. According to the literary review, Shakespeare ____ his characters live through their language in his plays.
A. will make B. had made C. was making D. makes
5. --- You speak very good French! ---Thanks. I _________ French in Sichuan University for four years.
A. studied B. study C. was studying D. had studied
6. “Life is like walking in the snow,” Granny used to say. “because every step _______________.”
A. shows B. is showing C. has shows D. showed
7. John was given the same suitcase his father and grandfather _____ with them to school.
A. took B. had taken C. were taking D. would take
8. When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we ______ up, her voice had been full of life.
A. were hanging B. had hung C. hung D. would hang
9. She stared at the painting, wondering where she ______ it.
A. saw B. has been C. sees D. had seen
10.---What do you think of the movie? ----It’s fantastic. The only pity is that I ______ the beginning of it.
A. missed B. had missed C. miss D. would miss
11.This is the first time we ______ a film in the cinema together as a family.
A. see B. had seen C. saw D. have seen
12. I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ________ there several years ago .
A. are going B. had been C. went D. have been
13. ----Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad.
----Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ____ of my friends back home.
A. have just thought B. was just thinking C. would just think D. will just be thinking
14. ---Tom, you didn’t come to the party last night?----I __, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.
A. had to B. didn’t C. was going to D. wouldn’t
15. I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers _________ before my eyes.
A. swim B. swam C. swum D. had swum
16. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ____ in the past years.
A. discovered B. have discovered C. had been discovered D. have been discovered
17. They became friends again that day. Until then, they _____ to each other for nearly two years.
A. didn't speak B. hadn't spoken C. haven' t spoken D. haven' t been speaking
18. ----How can I apply for an online course?
----Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do for you.
A. see B. are seeing C. have seen D. will see
19. If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what ____ in science and technology.
A. had discovered B. had been discovered C. has discovered D. has been discovered
20. ----Jack bought a new mobile phone the other day. ----______? That’s his third one in just one month.
A. Had he B. Did he C. Does he D. Has he
21. I got caught in the rain and my suit_______.
A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined
22. --It was very kind of you to give me a lift home. ---Oh, don’t mention it. I __past your house anyway.
A. was coming B. will come C. had come D. have come
23. ----I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.
----Impossible. She TV with me in my home then.
A.watched B.had watched C.would watch D.was watching
24. Danny hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.
A.works B.is working C.has worked D.worked
25.----Ouch!You hurt me! ----I am sorry. But I any harm. I to drive a rat out.
A.didn’t mean; tried B.don’t mean; am trying C.haven’t meant; tried D.didn’t mean; was trying
26. Cathy is taking notes of the grammar rules in class at Sunshine School, where she ____ English for a year.
A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying
27. At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement ______.
A. has been reached B. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached
28. ----______ you ______ him around the museum yet? ----Yes. We had a great time there.
A. Have … shown B. Do … show C. Had … shown D. Did … show
29. ----I have got a headache. ----No wonder. You in front of that computer too long.
A.work B.are working C.have been working D.worked
30. ----Did you see a man in black pass by just now? ----No, sir. I ________ a newspaper.
A. read B. was reading C. would read D. am reading
31. During the period of recent terrorist activities people ___ not to touch any unattended bag.
A. had always been warned B. were always being warned
C. are always warning D. always warned
32. My parents _____in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.
A.live B. lived C. were living D. will live
33. ---Alvin, are you coming with us? ---I’d love to, but something unexpected ________.
A. has come up B. was coming up C. had come up D. would come up
34. ---I didn’t ask for the name list. Why _____ on my desk? ---I put it there just now in case you needed it.
A. does it land B. will it land C. has it landed D. had it landed
35. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son ____________ from college.
A. has graduated B. had graduated C. had been graduated D. graduated
36. ---That must have been a long trip. -----Yes, it _______ us a whole week to get there.
A. takes B. was taking C. has taken D. took
37. If you plant watermelon seeds in spring, you _____ fresh watermelon in fall.
A. eat B. will be eating C. have eaten D. would eat
38. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _____ before leaving
their hometowns.
A. have promised B. have been promised C. were promised D. promised
39.---Were you surprised by the ending of the film? ---No, I ___ the book, so I already knew the answer.
A. had read B. was reading C. am reading D. have read
40.Joseph ____ to evening classes since last month, but he still can’t say “What’s your name?” in Russian.
A. went B. has been going C. goes D. has gone
41. In the spoken English of some areas in the US, “r” sounds at the end of the words __________.
A. are dropped B. drop C. are being dropped D. have dropped
42.The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he ______.
A. started B. starts C. has started D. will start
Key
1-5. BDCDA 6-10 ABCDA 11-15 DCBCB 16-20 DBDDB
21-25 CADCD 26-30DBACB 31-35BAACB 36-40 DBBAB 41-42AA

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