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How to Conduct Decent Research WorkFeng Zheng,Ph.D.Materials ChemistryCentral South University1/291AimsProvide a simple but formal introduction to young researchers the basic strategy employed by peer-reviewed scientists around the world Personal experience home and abroadSuggestions for future workEditorial work Itches of translation/interpretation2/292Identify a ProjectLiterature search(up to now)Introduction(why,what,how,what)Why is/are this/these importantWhat has/have been doneHow did they do What was/were left(for you)andWhat do you want to doTheoretical work?Experimental work?3/293TitleProper words for your title好开头是成功二分之一好开头是成功二分之一A good beginning is half done.Be caution when using on,investigation,research and study for title4/294Theory&Experiment Set-upWhat do you want to doImprove or against existing theory?Provide more data?Propose novel ideas?How to achieve your goalsBetter or reliable theoretical analysisBetter or new experimental resultsRaw materialsEquipmentsExperiment procedure5/295ResultsNew theoretical analysis(not ease)For most engineering work we need:Chemical compositionStructureMechanical propertiesPhysical propertiesEtc.In proper order6/296Analysis or DiscussionHow to describe your results How to make comparison with literatureWhy are your work important What are your contribution to science or engineeringWhat are your conclusions7/297ConclusionsWhat are your conclusionsTheoretical analysisExperimental resultsWork ongoing or suggestions8/298AbstractWhat has/have been done Most important resultsTune of past was/were,has/have been 9/299AcknowledgementsFinancial supportHelp for discussion and theoretical analysis Help of technicians10/2910Literature CitationHistory of this workMake yours part of the historyLater work has to cite your paper(important)Style according to instruction for authors of chosen journal11/2911Check listTitle(eye-catching)Authors(team work*)Abstract(concise)Introduction(story-telling)Experimental procedure(book-keeping)Results(book-keeping)Discussion(elegance,cross-reference)Conclusion(solid)Acknowledgements(polite)Literature citation(honest)12/2912Text LayoutKeep it consistent throughout the manuscript.Double line spacing and 12 font is preferred:make it convenient for reviewers to make annotations.Number the pages.Number the lines if the journal requires to do so.13/2913Length of Full Article“25-30 pages is the ideal length for a submitted manuscript,including essential data only.”Julian Eastoe,Co-editor,Journal of Colloid and Interface ScienceTitle pageAbstract 1 paragraphIntroduction 1.5-2 manuscript pages(double-spaced,12pt)Methods 2-4 manuscript pagesResults and Discussion 10-12 manuscript pagesConclusions 1-2 manuscript pagesFigures 6-8Tables 1-3References 20-50 itemsLetters or short communications have a stricter limitation of the length.For example,3000 words with no more than 5 illustrations.14/2914SubmissionWhere to publish your workImpact factorScientific Community(bulletin,transactions and journals of well-established international or national society)Electrical submissionCover letterCorresponding author15/2915Communication to Editors Acknowledge editorial workAddress exactly the questions raised by reviewersRebuttal with sound evidences16/2916What Gets You Accepted?Attention to detailsCheck and double check your workConsider the reviewsEnglish must be as good as possiblePresentation is importantTake your time with revisionAcknowledge those who have helped youNew,original and previously unpublishedCritically evaluate your own manuscriptEthical rules must be obeyed Nigel John Cook,Editor-in-Chief,Ore Geology Reviews17/2917Suggestions for StudentsLab records(experiment results)Literature reviewing(introduction&discussion)Talk to supervisor(bring copied articles&data)Discussion with other faculty/fellow studentsWrite down anything of interestTry to do one paper in one month!This can be done and we have done and can do that in a regular base(once for each student).Everything should be made as simple as possible,but not simpler.Albert Einstein18/2918Samuel Johnson(1709-1784)Your manuscript is both good and original,but the part that is good is not original and the part that is original is not good.What is written without effort is in general read without pleasure.Knowledge is of two kinds.We know a subject ourselves,or we know where we can find information on it.Curiosity is one of the permanent and certain characteristics of a vigorous mind.Great English author,critic,&lexicographer;wrote Dictionary of the English Language 1747-1755,novel Rasselas 1759,10-volume Lives of the Poets 1779-1781.Next only to William Shakespeare.19/2919Good ReferencesChicago Guides to Writing,Editing,and PublishingThe Chicago Manual of Style,15th Edition:CD-ROM for Windows(CD-ROM),June 15,(Note 1st Edition in 1906)A Manual for Writers of Research Papers,Theses,and Dissertations,7th Edition:Chicago Style for Students and Researchers,April 15,The Craft of Research,2nd edition,March All by University of Chicago Press 20/2920Itches of Translation/InterpretationIdiom,phrase,proverb,saying,slag etc.信信-Meaningful,达达-Loyalty,雅雅-Elegance不懂外语林纾林纾(琴南)，巴黎茶花女遗事和撒克逊劫后英雄略译笔流畅，对中国文学界影响很大。向西方介绍中国文化林语堂林语堂,吾国与吾民于1935年在纽约出版和马上成为畅销书,被赛珍珠认为是“从来相关中国著作中最忠实、最巨丽、最完备、最主要成绩”。两脚踏东西文化两脚踏东西文化,一心评宇宙文章一心评宇宙文章。译毛选、诗、词人中之龙钱钟书钱钟书,管锥编凭记忆默写征引西方千余学者各种语言著作1780各种。21/2921翻译翻译-编辑之痒与痛编辑之痒与痛春风得意马蹄疾春风得意马蹄疾Happy horse runs fast in Spring(?)师范大学师范大学Normal university(?)名利双收名利双收To have wild dreams of glory(围城英译)To have wild dreams of gaining both fame and wealth?一年之计在于春一年之计在于春,一日之计在于晨一日之计在于晨One hour in the morning is worth two in the evening(?)Early bird catches the worm22/2922Plagiarism and Data Fabrication“Plagiarism is the appropriation of another persons ideas,processes,results,or words without giving appropriate credit,including those obtained through confidential review of others research proposals and manuscripts.”the Federal Office of Science and Technology Policy,1999.剽窃他人和剽窃自己以及数据造假都不行剽窃他人和剽窃自己以及数据造假都不行!Automatic text check system underway23/2923熟能生巧熟能生巧Every dog has his/her own days(人不可貌相,人生终有得意时)Loss face(丢脸)Dare to loss(ones)face(不怕丢脸)Practice makes perfect(熟能生巧)Kills two birds with one stone 一箭双雕,围魏救赵,名利双收名利双收Funny little words:at,in,of,on,up,the etc.24/2924班门弄斧班门弄斧-不自量力不自量力关公面前耍大刀孔夫子面前卖文章当自己是个人物Wave axe in front of Master LuBan(?)Pretend to be James Bond(?)To be someoneTo teach a fish how to swim谢谢 谢谢 大大 家家!25/2925Personal ExperienceCu out diffusion in Si wafer(UW)F.Zheng and T.G.Stoebe,Low Temperature Out-Diffusion of Cu from Silicon,Journal of Electrochemical Society 146(1999)1238-1240.Nanosized ZnO(CSU)Y.Chen,R.Z.Yu,Q.Shi,J.L.Qin,F.Zheng，Hydrothermal Synthesis of hexagonal ZnO clusters，Materials Letter 61()4438-4441.High temperature electrode reactions(CSU)F.Zheng,Y.Chen,High temperature electrode reactions of Sr and Mg doped LaGaO3 perovskite,J Mater Sci.,43()2058-2065.DOI 10.1007/s10853-007-2423-yB-C-Si-Zr ultra high temperature ceramics(CSU)H.M.Chen,F.Zheng,Z.P.Jin,Thermodynamic Assessment of B-Zr and Si-Zr Binary Systems,Journal of Alloys and Compounds,accepted Accepted with no change26/2926JokesAround,MIT students set-up a computer program to automatically generate several artificial research papers and submitted them to both conference and journal editors and those papers went through strict peer-review process and got published with no doubt at all!Some Science and Nature papers are forged“Half”Science and Nature papers could not be confirmed later(1 year)27/2927Metallurgy&Ceramic Fuel Cells中南矿冶学院材料系压加中南矿冶学院材料系压加792班班(19791983)Metallurgy(1983-94,China&UK)Metallurgist by trade(BS,1983)Taught&worked on Metallurgy(19831992)Metallurgist at Sheffield,UK(19921994)Fuel Cells(1994-,USA)AWU Fellow PNNL(19941999,SOFC)LSM cathode,WSU,Master,1996LSGM electrolyte,UW,Ph.D.,Director of R&D NEI(0001,PEM/SOFC)Chief scientist Hydrovolt(0102,SOFC)Visiting scientist LBNL(0203,SOFC)中南大学材料学院教授中南大学材料学院教授()28/2928Materials Science LecturePhysicsChemistryEngineeringMathematicsMSEMSEMSEMSECompositionStructureProcessingProperties-Performance谢谢 谢谢 大大 家家!29/2929