名词性从句二轮复习.ppt

名词性从句二名词性从句二轮复习轮复习基本句子结构基本句子结构1 1）主语）主语+系词系词+表语表语 They are busyThey are busy.2 2）主语）主语+动词动词 She cried.She cried.3 3）主语）主语+动词动词+宾语宾语 She studies English.She studies English.4 4）主语）主语+动词动词+宾语宾语+宾补宾补 WeWe askedasked himhim to come backto come back.5 5）主语）主语+动词动词+间宾间宾+直宾直宾 MumMum boughtbought meme a new dressa new dress.连接代词连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whatever连接副词连接副词how,why,when,wherehowever,wherever连接词连接词that,whether,if,becauseasif/asthough（不充当从句的任何成分）引导名词性从句的关联词引导名词性从句的关联词1.Iknow(that)heisagoodteacher.2.Iknow(that)heisagoodteacherandthatheteachesverywell.3.Iwillseetoitthateveryguestcangetaseat.4.Allthisdependsonitthateveryonewillagree.1.1.宾语从句宾语从句exceptthat,butthat,inthatThesetwoareasaresimilarexceptthattheyhaveahighrainfallduringthisseason.Mandiffersfromanimalsinthattheycanthinkandspeak.IcouldnthavebelieveditbutthatIsawit.1.1.宾语从句宾语从句Whether和if的区别1.1.宾语从句宾语从句表喜好的动词表喜好的动词like,hate,loveIlikeitwhentheautumncomes;itisclearandbright.Ihateitwhenpeoplespeakwiththeirmouthsfull.Iwouldappreciateitverymuchifyoucancometomyparty.1.1.宾语从句宾语从句guess,believe,think,suppose,except,imagine的插入Wheredoyouthinkhesgone?1.1.宾语从句宾语从句否定转移及反意疑问句Idontthinkyouareright.Wedontthinkhewillcometohelpus,willhe?1.1.宾语从句宾语从句宾从有宾补的句型Sub.+vt.+it+adj/n.+thatthink,believe,consider,make,feel,findPeoplethinkitnaturalthatwelearnEnglishwell.1.1.宾语从句宾语从句某些形容词后的宾从Besure/afraid/pleased/glad/happy/surprised/certain+that1.1.宾语从句宾语从句1.Whenhewillcomeisnotknownyet.2.Thatyoudontlikehimhasnothingtodowithme.3.Whyheoftencomeshereisknowntousall.4.Whicheveryoutakewillbeyours.2.2.主语从句主语从句It It 做形式主语做形式主语It is+adj.+thatIt is+adj.+thatIt is+n.+thatIt is+n.+thatIt is+p.p+thatIt is+p.p+thatIt seems/appears/happened+thatIt seems/appears/happened+thatitit做形式主语的句型要与状语从句，强调做形式主语的句型要与状语从句，强调句型区别开来。句型区别开来。2.2.主语从句主语从句1.Theproblemisthatweneedmoremoney.2.Youfeelhot;thatisbecauseyouarenervous.3.Hetalksasifhekneweverything.4.Ifweputachopstickpartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifitwerebroken.3.3.表语从句表语从句1.that1.that和和whatwhat引导名词性从句的区别；引导名词性从句的区别；2.2.名词从句的语序和时态；名词从句的语序和时态；3.it3.it作形式宾语的几种情况；作形式宾语的几种情况；4.that4.that从句作介词宾语；从句作介词宾语；5.5.宾语从句的否定转移；宾语从句的否定转移；6.whether6.whether和和ifif的用法区别；的用法区别；7.what7.what在名词性从句中的使用；在名词性从句中的使用；8.doubt8.doubt后的名词性从句的使用。后的名词性从句的使用。一、一、whatwhat、thatthat区别区别whatwhat要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，thatthat不作不作任何成分，只在语法上起连接作用。例如任何成分，只在语法上起连接作用。例如_wecantgetseemsbetterthan_wehave.A.What;whatB.what;thatB.C.That;thatD.That;what解析：本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句，且两解析：本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句，且两个从句都缺乏宾语，可见两个引导词都必须充当个从句都缺乏宾语，可见两个引导词都必须充当成分，所以答案是成分，所以答案是A A。一、一、whatwhat、thatthat区别区别又如：又如：_causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where解析：该题答案是解析：该题答案是A A，whatwhat在主语从句中作主语，即作谓语动在主语从句中作主语，即作谓语动词词causedcaused的执行者。在下面的例句中，的执行者。在下面的例句中，thatthat不充当任何成不充当任何成份，只起语法连接作用（因为句子本身不缺成分）：份，只起语法连接作用（因为句子本身不缺成分）：ThattheformerIraqpresidentSaddamwascapturedhasbeenproved.二二.whether.whether和和ifif区别。区别。_the2000OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That解析：通常，引导主语从句、表语从句和引导同解析：通常，引导主语从句、表语从句和引导同位语从句时，要用连词位语从句时，要用连词whetherwhether，不用，不用ifif；习惯上；习惯上也只能说也只能说whether or notwhether or not，而不说，而不说if or notif or not。试题中的从句位于句首，不难知道这是一个主语试题中的从句位于句首，不难知道这是一个主语从句，所以答案是从句，所以答案是C C。但是在宾语从句中表达。但是在宾语从句中表达“是是否否”既可用既可用ifif也可用也可用whetherwhether。三三.主谓一致和语序主谓一致和语序Theproblemiswhathehasdonetothelittleboy.1.Idontknow_.A.wherewasheborn.B.wherehewasborn.C.hewasbornwhereD.whereisheborn.解析：与别的从句一样，名词性从句必须用陈述语序。即使从句表达的是疑问含义。答案是BNoonecanbesure_inamillionyears.A.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklikeC.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike解析：解析：从句用陈述语序，所以答案只能是A。又如：Youcantimagine_whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited解析：解析：答案是B。同时还须注意，从句的引导词必须始终置于句首，而且how和被修饰的词excited不能分开。三三.名词性从句的语序名词性从句的语序当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，常常将从句后置，而当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，常常将从句后置，而当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，常常将从句后置，而当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，常常将从句后置，而用用用用itititit作为形式主语，置于句首。作为形式主语，置于句首。作为形式主语，置于句首。作为形式主语，置于句首。动词后接复合宾语，也可用动词后接复合宾语，也可用动词后接复合宾语，也可用动词后接复合宾语，也可用itititit作形式宾语。例如作形式宾语。例如作形式宾语。例如作形式宾语。例如:_isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasan_isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.internationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.ItThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It解析：所需词至于句首，同时后面有解析：所需词至于句首，同时后面有解析：所需词至于句首，同时后面有解析：所需词至于句首，同时后面有that-that-从句（逻辑主从句（逻辑主从句（逻辑主从句（逻辑主语），可见这里应该用形式主语语），可见这里应该用形式主语语），可见这里应该用形式主语语），可见这里应该用形式主语it,it,所以答案是所以答案是所以答案是所以答案是D D。think,find,consider,believe,feelthink,find,consider,believe,feel等动词后常带复合等动词后常带复合等动词后常带复合等动词后常带复合宾语。例如：宾语。例如：宾语。例如：宾语。例如：ManypeoplethinkManypeoplethinkititpossiblepossiblethatatradewarbetweenthatatradewarbetweenEUandtheStateswillhappen.EUandtheStateswillhappen.四四四四 形式主语、形式宾语。形式主语、形式宾语。形式主语、形式宾语。形式主语、形式宾语。五五 Who/whoever,what/whateverWho/whoever,what/whatever等的用法区别。等的用法区别。一般说来，一般说来，what/whowhat/who等含特指意义，而等含特指意义，而whatever/whoeverwhatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么无论什么/无论谁无论谁”。例如：。例如：It is generally considered unwise to give a It is generally considered unwise to give a child child _ he or she wants.he or she wants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever解析：答案解析：答案B B，whateverwhatever引导宾从，作引导宾从，作wantswants的宾语。的宾语。这里的这里的whateverwhatever不能改成不能改成whatwhat，因为题意想表达的显，因为题意想表达的显然是然是“无论孩子要什么就给他无论孩子要什么就给他/她什么是不明智的她什么是不明智的”，具有泛指的概念。同时要注意，这里，具有泛指的概念。同时要注意，这里whateverwhatever也不也不能改用能改用no matter whatno matter what，因为后者只能引导状语从句。，因为后者只能引导状语从句。又如：_hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever解析：答案是解析：答案是D，whoever意为“无论谁”，表泛指。比较下例：Icantrememberatthemomentwhohassaidthewords.（这里的who表特定的某人）Where,when,why引导名从的关键是：这个词必须符合句引导名从的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑意义要求。例如：子的逻辑意义要求。例如：IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.Isthat_youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.thatD.where解析：答案是解析：答案是A，why引导的从句作表语，同时引导的从句作表语，同时why在从句中在从句中作原因状语。这里之所以选作原因状语。这里之所以选why而不是，而不是when或或where等，等，唯一的依据便是句子的逻辑含义，及语境。唯一的依据便是句子的逻辑含义，及语境。六六.Where,when,why等连接副词引导的名词性从句。等连接副词引导的名词性从句。Doyouremember_hecame?Yes,Ido,hecamebycar.A.HowB.whenC.thatD.if解析：答案是解析：答案是A，从答语“hecamebycar”可知这里问的是“he”来的方式，所以用how引导。介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格，决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。例如：Itwasamatterof_wouldtaketheposition.A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever解析：答案是解析：答案是A。这是一个含宾语从句的复合句，作介词of宾语的，是后面的整个句子，而不是宾语从句的引导词，由于这里引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格who（作宾语时自然要用whom）。七七“介词介词+who(m)+who(m)引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句”与与“介词介词+whom”+whom”引导的定语从句的区别。引导的定语从句的区别。比较下例：比较下例：比较下例：比较下例：Our country has thousands of excellent Our country has thousands of excellent Our country has thousands of excellent Our country has thousands of excellent scientists,scientists,scientists,scientists,most of whommost of whommost of whommost of whom have received higher have received higher have received higher have received higher education at home.education at home.education at home.education at home.这是一个这是一个这是一个这是一个“介词介词介词介词+关系代词关系代词关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句；引导引导的定语从句；引导引导的定语从句；引导引导的定语从句；引导定语从句的是定语从句的是定语从句的是定语从句的是“most of+“most of+“most of+“most of+关系代词关系代词关系代词关系代词”而不只是这个关而不只是这个关而不只是这个关而不只是这个关系代词，同时这个引导词又作介词系代词，同时这个引导词又作介词系代词，同时这个引导词又作介词系代词，同时这个引导词又作介词ofofofof的宾语，所以要的宾语，所以要的宾语，所以要的宾语，所以要用宾格用宾格用宾格用宾格whomwhomwhomwhom。（注意与介词后面的宾语从句的引导词。（注意与介词后面的宾语从句的引导词。（注意与介词后面的宾语从句的引导词。（注意与介词后面的宾语从句的引导词的用法进行比较和区别。）的用法进行比较和区别。）的用法进行比较和区别。）的用法进行比较和区别。）引导宾语从句时，引导宾语从句时，thatthat通常可以省略，但引导主语、通常可以省略，但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时，表语和同位语从句时，thatthat不能省。例如：不能省。例如：Chinassuccessinmanned-spacecrafttravelChinassuccessinmanned-spacecrafttravelshows_ourcountryhasbecomeoneoftheshows_ourcountryhasbecomeoneofthegreatestpowersinspaceresearch.greatestpowersinspaceresearch.A.whatB.whichC.A.whatB.whichC.不填不填D.itthatD.itthat解析：该句中的从句作解析：该句中的从句作showsshows的宾语，是宾语从句，的宾语，是宾语从句，又因为从句中不缺主、宾语，所以只能用又因为从句中不缺主、宾语，所以只能用thatthat引导；引导又因引导宾语从句时又因引导宾语从句时thatthat可以省略，所以答案是可以省略，所以答案是C C。八、连接词八、连接词八、连接词八、连接词thatthat的省略。的省略。的省略。的省略。九、九、否定转移否定转移1)think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等IdontthinkIknowyou.我想我并不认识你。我想我并不认识你。Idontbelievehewillcome.我相信他不回来。我相信他不回来。若谓语动词为若谓语动词为hope,hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。I hope you werent ill.I hope you werent ill.我想你没有生病吧。我想你没有生病吧。2)seem,appear等等Itdoesntseemthattheyknowwheretogo.看来他们不知道往哪去看来他们不知道往哪去。Itdoesntappearthatwellhaveasunnydaytomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。十十.时态呼应时态呼应 宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般响，如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，从句可以用他所需要的任何时态；如将来时，从句可以用他所需要的任何时态；如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的谓语动只能用过去时的某种时态，中的谓语动只能用过去时的某种时态，但如果但如果从句表达的是客观真理或客观存在则不受此影从句表达的是客观真理或客观存在则不受此影响。响。I dont know when he will go to Shanghai.I dont know when he will go to Shanghai.I thought that you were not here.I thought that you were not here.He said that heavy objects and light He said that heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed.objects fall at the same speed.1.Thephotographswillshowyou_.（MET89）A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike2.Heasked_foraviolin（MET92）A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid1._wecantgetseemsbetterthan_wehave.A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what2.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.AwhileBthatCifDfor3.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoonAwhenBhowCwhetherDwhy4madetheschoolproudwasmorethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.AWhatbecause BWhatthatCThatwhatDThatbecause5.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof_sharesherinterests.A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho6._ much advice I gave him,he did exactlywhathewantedtodo.A.HowB.WhateverC.HoweverD.Nomatter7.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.wheneverMethods1.Structureanalysis句法分析法2.Substitutionmethod 替代法3.Drag-inmethod 代入法4.Cut-and-trymethod尝试法1.CouldIspeakto_isinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?A.whoB.whatC.whoeverD.whateverspeaktosb2.【07江苏】Choosingtherightdictionarydependson_youwanttouseitforAwhatBwhy Chow Dwhethersthdependson3.【08安徽】Studentsarealwaysinterestedinfindingout_theycangowithanewteacherAhowfarBhowsoonChowoftenDhowlongfindingoutsth4.Georgesaid_isyourmoneynotyou_sheloves？A.as,whoB.that,whichC.it,thatD.as,what5.【04北京】Wecantfigureout_quiteanumberofinsects，birds，andanimalsaredyingoutAthatBasCwhyDwhen6._fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.A.WhatB.That C.ThisD.Which._fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrySthmayreflecttheculturaldifferences7.Marywroteanarticleon_theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A.whyB.whatC.whoD.thatMarywroteanarticleonsth8.Thenews_surprisedeverybodyyesterdaynowprovestobefalse.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.howThenewsproves9.Oneofthemenheldtheview_thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhichC.thatwhatD.whichthat10.Wordhascome_someAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek.A.whatB.whetherC.thatD.which11.11.He could not continue to work in He could not continue to work in the companythe company after _ had happened.after _ had happened.A.which B.how A.which B.how C.C.what what D.havingD.having after_hadhappened._hadhappenedsomething12.Hepointedto_lookedlikeatombandsaid,“Ghost.”A.thatB.whatC.whichD.asHepointedtosth13.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitisAnydifference?14.Thegovernmenthasannouncedthatamoderncitywillbesetupin_isstillawastelandnow.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where15.Thegovernmenthasannouncedthatamoderncitywillbesetup_itisstillawastelandnow.A.whatB.inwhichC.thatD.whereEveryoneknows,perhapsexceptyouandyourmother,_yourgirl-friendisacheat.A.whoB.thatC.which D.what典型陷阱题分析一典型陷阱题分析一EveryoneknowssthIthink,thoughIcouldbemistaken,_shelikedme.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what1Dontyouknow,mydearfriend,_itisyourmoneynotyouthatsheloves？A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what2Sheislookingforwardasmuchtohisreturnashehimselfto_her.A.seeB.seeingC.haveseenD.willseeSheislookingforwardasmuchtohisreturnashehimself(islookingforward)to_her.Wepaintonesideoftheboardblue,andtheother_.典型陷阱题分析二典型陷阱题分析二Outputisnowsixtimes_itwasbeforeliberation.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.ofwhichsixtimesthe+noun.+ofsth_hasbeenmentionedabove,continuedchairmanafterhetookasipofcoffee,_theprojectmustbecarriedoutbeforespringfloodcomes.A.As;thatB.That;whichC.This;whichD.It;that典型陷阱题分析三典型陷阱题分析三_hasbeenmentionedabove,chairmancontinued,_theprojectmustbecarriedoutA.As;thatB.That;whichC.This;whichD.It;that典型陷阱题分析三典型陷阱题分析三something_hasbeenmentionedabove,chairmancontinued,_theprojectmustbecarriedoutbeforespringfloodcomes.A.As;thatB.That;whichC.This;whichD.It;that典型陷阱题分析三典型陷阱题分析三Howmuchdoyouthinkourmanagerwillspend_thislaboratorythatshesbeenlookingforwardto?A.buildB.tobuildC.buildingD.forbuilding1“Is_youwanttosayaskedtheteacher.A.thisB.thatC.allthatD.thatall【陷阱】根据中文字面意思误选【陷阱】根据中文字面意思误选A A或或B.B.This is you want to say./That is you want to This is you want to say./That is you want to say.say.22.Is_youlosttheotherday?A.thebikeoneB.thisbikethatC.biketheoneD.thisbiketheone31._wasreported,_Mr.Smithwasmurdered,one_thepolicewasidentifying.A.It;a;whichB.As;a;thatC.It;a;thatD.As;the;who2._wasreportedthat_Mr.Smithwasmurdered,one_thepolicewasidentifying.A.It;a;whichB.That;the;thatC.It;a;thatD.That;the;who典型陷阱题分析四典型陷阱题分析四-Thepatientlooksmuchbetter.isitthathasmadehim_heistoday?-Perhapsthespecialmedicineandhisfamilyspatientcare.AWhat;thatBThat;thatCWhat;whatDWhat;which1【07南昌】Sometimesadvertisementsmake_possibleforcompaniestosellthecustomers_moneycannotbuy.A;thatBit；whatCthat；whichD；whose2典型陷阱题分析五典型陷阱题分析五1.Johnwassoangryandspokesofastthatnoneofusunderstood_hesaidmeant.A.thatB.whatC.thatthatD.whatwhat【陷阱】【陷阱】可能误选可能误选B.B.noneofusunderstood_hesaidmeant._hesaidmeant._hesaidmeant.Theplace_thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.atwhich;inwhich1Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_roadconditionsneed_.A.that;tobeimproved B.which;tobeimproved C.where;improvingD.when;improvingroadconditionsneed_2Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_roadconditionsneedsth.A.that;tobeimproved B.which;tobeimproved C.where;improvingD.when;improving2（09山东）Thelittlegirlwhogotlostdecidedtoremain_shewasandwaitforhermother.A.whereB.whatC.inwhichD.who【解析】Aremain是系动词，后加表语从句，由句意可知，从句缺地点状语，所以选A。3TheexperienceoftheChinesenationatteststoatruth_anationlosesintimesofdisasterwillbemadeupforbyherprogress.A.thatwhatB.whatC.thatD.whatthat证明证明4(2)_shewassick,Iwasexpectedtotakeherplacegreatlysurprisedme,forIdidnthavemuchexperience.A.ThatifB.IfthatC.AswhichD.Asthat5Sthsurprisedme_shewassick,Iwasexpectedtotakeherplace4.Mr.Smithwassoontold_hefoundwasnotimportant.A.thatwhyB.whatwhyC.whythatD.whywhat6Thethoughtsuddenlyoccurredtomeandworriedmemuch,believeitornot,_ImightfailintheEntranceCollegeexamination.A.that B.whichC.whenD.sothat典型陷阱题分析六典型陷阱题分析六Thethoughtsuddenlyoccurredtomeandworriedmemuch,believeitornot,_ImightfailintheEntranceCollegeExamination.A.that B.whichC.whenD.sothat典型陷阱题分析六典型陷阱题分析六Thereisacommonbeliefamongthem_rubbishcanandshouldbeputtogooduse.A.whichB.ifC.whoseD.that1beliefnAplanhasbeenputforward_moregraduatesshouldgotoworkinthecountryA.whenB.thatC.whetherD.how2nThesecretspreadoutveryquicklyinthetown_hewillbeheadmasterofourschool.nA.whereB.inthatC.thatD.which3Therewasanewproblemputforwardatthemeeting_wecouldgettheloan。A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.which4-When_leaveforJapan？-When_leaveforJapaniskeptsecret.A.the