高中英语动词时态复习.ppt

EnglishBasicTenses(时态时态)1.他他每天每天都来。都来。他他昨天昨天来了来了.他他已已经经来了来了.他他明天明天来来.汉语汉语借助借助词汇词汇手段手段而非而非词词的形的形态变态变化来化来表示表示动动作的作的发发生生,而英而英语语主要通主要通过过谓语动词谓语动词时态变时态变化化来表来表现现.任何句子都要先注意任何句子都要先注意时态时态.Hecameyesterday.Hehascome.Hewillcometomorrow.Hecomeseveryday.2.英英语语的常的常见时态见时态：一般进行完成完成进行现在一般一般现现在在时时现现在在进进行行时时现现在在完成完成时时现现在完成在完成进进行行时时过去一般一般过过去去时时过过去去进进行行时时过过去去完成完成时时过过去完成去完成进进行行时时将来一般一般将来将来时时将来将来进进行行时时将来将来完成完成时时过去将 来过过去去将来将来时时3.时态时态构成构成常用常用时间时间状状语语一般一般现现在在时时一般一般过过去去时时一般将来一般将来时时过过去将来去将来时时将来将来进进行行时时现现在在进进行行时时过过去去进进行行时时现现在完成在完成时时过过去完成去完成时时现现在完成在完成进进行行时时do(第三人称第三人称单单数数does)动词过动词过去式去式didwill(shall)动词动词原形原形begoingto动词动词原形原形beaboutto动词动词原形原形beto动词动词原形原形would动词动词原形原形will(shall)be现现在分在分词词am(is,are)现现在分在分词词was(were)现现在分在分词词have(has)过过去分去分词词had过过去分去分词词have(has)been现现在分在分词词always,usually,often,sometimes,every.,twiceaweek等等yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,theotherday,last.,.ago等等tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,next.,in.等等ateightthistime)tomorrow等等时间时间状状语语now,duringthesedays,或或look,listen等引起注意的等引起注意的词语词语ateight(thistime)yesterday等等already,just,yet,since.,for.等等by.,before.等等for.,since.等等多用于多用于间间接引接引语语的的宾语宾语从句中从句中4.导导入之一：入之一：Howisyourdailylifeasahighschoolstudent?(using3sentencesormore,使用使用实实意意动词动词和系和系动词动词,注意注意动词动词形式形式变变化化)52.用法用法:1)经经常性或常性或习惯习惯性的性的动动作作，常与表示，常与表示频频率的率的时间时间状状语连语连用，如用，如often,usually,always,everyday/year,sometimes,onSunday等。等。2)表示不受表示不受时间时间限制的限制的科学事科学事实实或客或客观观真理真理。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.IstudyhardeverydayandIgetalongwellwithmyclassmates,butsometimesImissmyfamilies.一、一、一般一般现现在在时时(TheSimplePresenttense)1.结结构构:do/does6.3）表示主表示主语语的特征、性格、能力等的特征、性格、能力等Mr.Smithhatesfishandnevereatsany.MaryspeaksbothEnglishandFrenchverywell.4）按按计计划、划、规规定，定，时间时间表表(如汽如汽车车、飞飞机、会机、会议议)等等将要将要发发生的生的动动作或存在的状作或存在的状态态,一般用于一般用于be,come,go,start,begin,leave,arrive,return等位移等位移/终终止性止性动词动词，常与，常与时间时间状状语连语连用用Thetrainleavesatthreethisafternoon.Themeetingstartsat2:00p.m.7.6）在部分倒装句中，）在部分倒装句中，表示表示动动作正在作正在进进行。行。There goes the bell.=The bell is ringing.Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.5 5）在）在时间时间、条件、方式、条件、方式、让让步状步状语语从句中，从句中，用一用一般般现现在在时时代替一般将来代替一般将来时时,即即主将从主将从现现。Ifit_(be)finetomorrow,we_(go)tothecountryside.Ifhe_(come)thisafternoonwe_(have)ameeting.iswillgocomeswillhave8.1.Noteveryone(like)watchingTVnow.2.Thispairofshoes(sell)well.3.Theteachertoldusthelight(travel)at300,000kilometersasecond.4.BillandTomarehard-workingstudents.Theynever(leave)todaysworkfortomorrow.5.Illtellhimaboutitassoonashe(come)back.likessellstravelsleavecomes9.Example:I_(spend)mychildhoodhappilywithmyoldfriends.Wealways_(play)footballandbasketballtogetherandwe_(not)havesomuchhomeworktodoasnow.We_(be)happyatthattime.spentplayeddidntwere导导入之二：入之二：Howdidyouspendyourchildhood?10.二、一般二、一般过过去去时时(TheSimplePastTense)1.结结构构:谓动谓动用用动词过动词过去式去式(V-ed)2.用法用法:在在过过去去时间时间里所里所发发生的生的动动作或存作或存在的状在的状态态。常与表示常与表示过过去去时间时间的的时间时间状状语连语连用。如用。如yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,in1982等。等。11.1.-Look!Someonehasspilt（溢出）（溢出）coffeeonthecarpet（地毯）（地毯）.-Well,it_me.A.isntB.wasntC.hasntbeenD.hadntbeen2.He(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.(11广东）Bpretended1)表示表示过过去去发发生的，和生的，和现现在没有在没有联联系的系的动动作或状作或状态态12.2)用一般用一般过过去去时时表示表示过过去去经经常常发发生的生的动动作作(也可用也可用“usedtodo”或或“woulddo”代替代替)。Duringthevacationsheoftenswam/wouldswim/usedtoswiminthesea.Iusedtosmoke.注注意意：usedto表表示示过过去去常常发发生生而而现现在在不不再再发发生生的的动动作或存在的状作或存在的状态态。would注重注重过过去去习惯习惯性性发发生生的的动动作。作。13.1.Attheendofthemeeting,theheadmaster1.Attheendofthemeeting,theheadmaster(give)(give)usatalk.usatalk.2.Listen!Theradiosaysaseriousaccident_2.Listen!Theradiosaysaseriousaccident_(happen)lastnight.(happen)lastnight.3.-Haveyoutakenthemedicineyet?3.-Haveyoutakenthemedicineyet?-Yes,I-Yes,I(take)justnow.(take)justnow.4.TheroomsoflibraryarecleanTheboys_4.Theroomsoflibraryareclean.Theboys_(sweep)themyesterday.(sweep)themyesterday.5.IwasgoinghomewhenI5.IwasgoinghomewhenI(meet)anoldfriend.(meet)anoldfriend.gavegavehappenedhappenedtooktooksweptsweptmetmet14.犹如picture导导入之三：入之三：HowwillyouspendyourNationalholiday?IwillImgoingto15.三三.一般/过去将来时表示将来表示将来时时的四种形式的四种形式 will/shall+will/shall+动词动词原形原形 be going to do be going to do be about to do be about to do be to do be to do 16.1.begoingto有很有很强强的的计计划性划性，打算干什么，而，打算干什么，而will表示表示谈话时临时谈话时临时决定的意决定的意图图，具有，具有临时临时性和偶然性性和偶然性。-Thetelephoneisringing.-I_answerit.A.willB.amgoingtoC.amtoD.amaboutto-Alice,whydidntyoucomeyesterday?-I_,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did2.begoingto可用来表达可用来表达某种迹象要某种迹象要发发生生的事。的事。而而will不能表示不能表示Lookattheclouds!It_rain.isgoingto17.3.beto表示因表示因约约定、定、计计划，划，职责职责、义务义务要求即将要求即将发发生的生的动动作作,或或客客观观安排或受安排或受人指示而做某事。人指示而做某事。begoingto表示主表示主观观的打算或的打算或计计划。划。Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.Imgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.18.4beabouttodo表示表示“正要干什么正要干什么”，1)表示即将表示即将发发生的生的动动作，作，不与表示将来的不与表示将来的时间时间状状语连语连用用。2)常与常与when连连用，用，when此此时时意思：意思：就在就在这时这时，是并列是并列连词连词.3)构成句型：构成句型：beabouttodowhen.was/weredoingwhenbeonthepointofdoingwhenhadjustdonesthwhene.g.Iwasabouttoleavewhenitrained.19.导导入之五：入之五：Whataretheydoingnow?Theyarehavingaclass.20.五五.现现在在/过过去去进进行行时时 1表示表示(现现在在/过过去去)说话时说话时正在正在进进行行而而尚未完成尚未完成的的动动作或状作或状态态Idontreallyworkhere.Imhelpinguntilthenewsecretarycomes.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_sorapidly.A.willhavechangedB.haschangedC.ischangingD.willchangebe(am,are,is)+doing21.2.表示表示(过过去去)目前目前这这段段时间时间内正在内正在进进行的行的动动作作,但但说话时动说话时动作未必正在作未必正在进进行。行。She_(learn)pianounderMr.Smithatpresent.islearning3.与与always，constantly(不断地；不断地；时时常地常地),usually,frequently,allthetime等等连连用，用，表表示示赞赞成或成或厌恶厌恶的感情色彩的感情色彩。如：。如：Heisalwayshelpingothers.Hewasalwaysthinkingofothers，neverthinkingofhimself.22.3.现现在在进进行行时时用来表示按用来表示按计计划即将划即将发发生的生的动动作作,多用于多用于位移位移/终终止性止性动词动词,如如:come,go,arrive,leave,stay,fly,takeoff.I_(leave)tomorrow._you_(stay)heretillnextweek?amleavingArestaying23.4.“系系动词动词介介词词或副或副词词”,也表示也表示进进行行时时的意的意义义。Thebridgeis/wasunderconstruction.=is/wasbeingconstructed.Theproblemisunderdiscussion.=isbeingdiscussed24.(1)表心理状表心理状态态、情感的、情感的动词动词：like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need。(2)表存在的状表存在的状态动词态动词：have,appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belongto,dependon。(3)瞬瞬间动词间动词：begin/start,allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete。(4)感官感官动词动词see,hear,notice,feel摸起来摸起来/感感觉觉起来起来,smell,sound,taste,look看起来。看起来。【注意】【注意】一般情况下，下面一般情况下，下面4类动词类动词无无进进行行时态时态：25.七七.现现在完成在完成时时(ThepresentPerfectTense)1.结结构构:have(has)+done2.用法用法:1).现现在完成在完成时时表示表示过过去某一去某一时间时间开始，一直延开始，一直延续续到到现现在的在的动动作或状作或状态态,通常用于延通常用于延续续性性动词动词.常常与表示延与表示延续续性的性的时间时间状状语连语连用用,如如:sofar,uptonow,recently,since,for,overtime等等IhavelivedinZhuhaifor3years.26.Hehaslivedheresincelastsummer.时间线时间线现现在在过过去去lived延延续续到到现现在在:haslivedlastsummersince27.2).表示表示过过去的某一完成或者去的某一完成或者发发生的生的动动作作对现对现在造在造成的影响成的影响或或结结果果,常用的常用的时间时间状状语语有有:just,already,yet,ever,never,once，twice，manytimes等等.We_(finish)ourlunchalready._youever_(try)thismethod?havefinishedHavetried28.1.-Where are the twins?-I think they (go)to Dafeng.2.There (be)many changes in Caoyan in the past 5 years.3.Jim (visit)the park twice since last month.4.So far,We (learn)about 6 hundred English words.5.She (not give)the CDs back to me yet.havegonehavegonehavebeenhavebeenhasvisitedhasvisitedhavelearnthavelearnthasntgivenhasntgiven29.since和和for 填空since+_,用来用来说说明明动动作起始作起始时间时间for+_,用来用来说说明明动动作延作延续时间续时间。Ihavelivedhere_atleasttwentyyears.Ihavelivedhere_Iwasborn.时间时间点点时间时间段段forsince30.固定的特殊句型：固定的特殊句型：1.It is(has been)+一段一段时间时间+since-clause.2.This(That/It)is the first(second)time+that-clause (现现在完成在完成时时).3.This(That/It)is the best/finest/most interesting +that-clause(现现在完成在完成时时).Tips:31.比比较较一般一般过过去去时时与与现现在完成在完成时时 1).一般一般过过去去时时只表示只表示发发生在生在过过去的去的动动作或存在作或存在的状的状态态,不涉及不涉及对现对现在的影响在的影响；现现在完成在完成时时表表示示发发生在生在过过去的去的动动作或状作或状态态一直延一直延续续到到现现在在,或或强强调过调过去的事情去的事情对现对现在的造成的影响在的造成的影响。MyfamilylivedinZhuhai10yearsago.（现现在不在珠海了在不在珠海了)MyfamilyhavelivedinZhuhaifor10years.(目前目前还还在珠海在珠海)32.2).过过去去时时常常与具体的表示与具体的表示过过去的去的时间时间状状语连语连用用，而而现现在完成在完成时时通常与通常与不确定的不确定的或或包括包括现现在在内在在内的的时间时间状状语连语连用，或无用，或无时间时间状状语语.I_(study)inZhongshanuniversityin2000.I_(study)inZhongshanuniversitysince2000.I_just_(buy)anapartment.(just表示不确定的表示不确定的时间时间状状语语）studiedhavestudiedhavebought33.注意：注意：非延非延续续性性动词动词不能与表示延不能与表示延续时间续时间的状的状语语(since;for)连连用。但其否定形式用。但其否定形式则则可以。可以。1)Theyhavemarriedfortenyears.2)Ihavereceivedhisletteramonthago.3)Ihaventreceivedhisletterforamonth.FFThavebeenmarriedTheygotmarriedtenyearsago.34.我已收到他的信一个月了。我已收到他的信一个月了。Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.()请请改用三个正确的表达法改用三个正确的表达法:1._2._3._Ihavekepthisletterforamonth.ItisamonthsinceIreceivedhisletter.Ireceivedhisletteramonthago.35.八八.过过去完成去完成时时(ThepastperfectTense)1.结结构构:had+done2.概念：表示概念：表示过过去的去的过过去去-|-|-|-3.过过去的去的过过去去过过去去现现在将来在将来 36.Bytheendoflasttermwehadlearnt20units.现现在在过过去去过过去的去的过过去去theendoflasttermhadlearnt时间线时间线用法用法1.表表示示过过去去某某一一时时刻刻或或某某一一动动作作之之前前完完成成的的动动作作或或状状态态。句句中中常常用用by the end,by thetime,by，before，until，when等等词词引引导导的的时间时间状状语语。如：。如：37.IhadhopedtoseemoreofShangHai.Ihadmeanttohelpyou,butIwastoobusyatthemoment.Ihadthoughtyouwouldcometomorrow.2.表示未曾表示未曾实现实现的愿望、打算、意的愿望、打算、意图图、承、承诺诺等。等。意意为为“本来打算本来打算”，“本来想本来想”。常用。常用hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected(that/todo)或用上述或用上述动词动词的的过过去式接不定式完成式表去式接不定式完成式表示，即：示，即：hoped/plannedto(havedone)。383、常用于下列句型中：、常用于下列句型中：1)Hardly/Nosooner(过过去完成去完成时时)when/than（一般（一般过过去去时时）。）。2)It/This/Thatwasthetimethat(从句从句用用过过去完成去完成时时)。3)Itwas+一段一段时间时间+since(从句用从句用过过去完去完成成时时)。39.Wehadnosoonerbeenseatedthanthebusstarted.=Hardly/Scarcely_webeenseatedwhenthebusstarted.had40.1.Whenthepolicearrived,thethieves_(runaway).2.WhenIcameintotheclassroom,mydearstudents_(begin)reading.3.Hewalkedinasifhe_(buy)theschool.(12广广东东）hadrunawayhadbegunhadbought 41.4.I_totakeagoodholidaythisyear,butIwasntabletogetaway.A.hopeB.havehopedC.hadhopedD.hoped5.Helen_herkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband_home.A.hasleft;comesB.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;cameD.hadleft;wouldcomecc42.导导入之九：入之九：-Howlonghaveyoubeenstudyinginthisschool?-Almosttwoandahalfyears.43.九、九、现现在完成在完成进进行行时时主主语语+has/have+been+doing.表示表示过过去某一去某一时间发时间发生生一直持一直持续续到到现现在在还还会会继续继续下下去的去的动动作（作（动动作未完成），作未完成），动词动词必必须须用用延延续续性性动动词词。Hehasbeenworkinghereforthreeyears.ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversitieshasbeenrisingsteadilysince1990.44.-Isntithardtodrivedowntowntowork?-Yes,thatwhyI_toworkbytrain.A.havebeengoingB.havegoneC.wasgoingD.willhavegone45.现现在完成在完成时时与与现现在完成在完成进进行行时时的区的区别别1.现现在完成在完成时时:表到表到现现在在为为止止已已经经完成完成，或，或过过去去发发生的生的动动作作对现对现在的影响或在的影响或产产生的生的结结果，也可表果，也可表示延示延续续性；性；现现在完成在完成进进行行时时:往往往往强强调调仍将仍将继续继续下去的下去的动动作。作。Ihavewrittenaletter.（已完成）（已完成）Ihavebeenwritingaletter.（未完成）（未完成）过过去去现现在在时间线时间线havewrittenhavebeenwriting46.2.有些延有些延续续性性动词动词，如，如live,teach,work,study,learn,stay等因等因现现在完在完成成时时与与现现在完成在完成进进行行时时差差别别不大。不大。Ihavelivedherefortenyears.=Ihavebeenlivingherefortenyears.47.解解动词动词填空填空题题“三步曲三步曲”一看一看时间时间状状语语1.There (be)a match this evening.2.Mother never knew what _ (happen)in 10 years.3.I (have)this book for 2 weeks.4.Alice (wait)for us in the room now.5.Every year,many trees (plant)along the river.willbewillbewouldhappenwouldhappenhavehadhavehadiswaitingiswaitingareplantedareplanted48.二二二二观观观观上下文上下文上下文上下文联联联联系系系系1.Shecantbehere.She1.Shecantbehere.She(go)to(go)toCanada.Canada.2.Keep2.Keepquiet,please!Theyquiet,please!They(have)a(have)alesson.lesson.3.-Hi,LinTao.Ididntseeyouattheparty.3.-Hi,LinTao.Ididntseeyouattheparty.-Oh,I-Oh,I(get)readyfortheexam.(get)readyfortheexam.4.Dontcomeheretomorrow.I4.Dontcomeheretomorrow.I(have)(have)ameeting.ameeting.hasgonehasgonearehavingarehavingwaswas gettinggettingwillwill havehave49.三找三找三找三找隐隐隐隐含条件含条件含条件含条件1.Tom1.Tom(go)tobedearlybuthisbrother(go)tobedearlybuthisbrotherdoesnt.doesnt.2.-Whatdidtheteachersayjustnow?2.-Whatdidtheteachersayjustnow?-Hesaidthattheearth-Hesaidthattheearth(travel)around(travel)aroundthesun.thesun.3.Thebridge3.Thebridge(be)opentotrafficina(be)opentotrafficinafewyears,isntit?fewyears,isntit?4.Listen!4.Listen!JimsradioJimsradio(make)aloud(make)aloudnoise.Wouldyoupleasetellhim_(turn)noise.Wouldyoupleasetellhim_(turn)itdown?itdown?goesgoestravelstravelsisgoingtobeisgoingtobeismakingismakingtoturntoturn50.Exercises1.Iusually_upat6:00,butyesterdayI_upat7:00andtomorrowI_upat6:30.(get)2.Listen!Someone_(knock)atthedoor.3.I_(be)inBeijingfortwoyears.4.Howoften_Andy_(surf)theinternet?5.Hefellasleepwhilehe_(read)abook.getwillgetgotisknockinghavebeendoessurfwasreading51.6.I_never_(hear)ofthatmanbefore.7.Mybrotheroften_(go)forwalkslastsummer.8.Lilysaidshe_(put)onthenewdressthenextday.9._thestory_(happen)inLondonin1949?10.What_hismother_(do)whenheopenedthedoor?haveheardwentwouldputDidhappenwasdoing52.11.Ifit_(notrain)tomorrow,they_(go)fishing.12._yourmother_thepianoeverySunday?13.They_(not)callyouthedayaftertomorrow.14.Tom_(work)theresincetwoyearsago.15.BythetimeI_(walk)intotheclassroom,theteacher_(start)teaching.doesntrainwillgoDoeshasworkedwontwalkedhadstartedplay53.JennyJenny_(be)aforeigngirl.She_(come)fromtheUnitedStates.Look,she_(draw)picturesinthelivingroom.Twoyearsago,herparents_(move)toChina.Jenny_(nothave)anyfriends,soshe_(feel)lonely.Butnow,she_(have)manyChinesefriendsand_(study)withthemeveryday.Jenny_(visit)hergrandparentsintheUnitedStatesnextmonth.iscomesisdrawingmoveddidnthavefelthasstudieswillvisit54.OnegoodturndeservesanotherI _(have)dinner at a restaurantwhenTonySteelecamein.Tony_(work)inalawyers office years ago,but he _(work)atabanknow.He_(get)agoodsalary,but he always _(borrow)money from hisfriendsandnever_(pay)itback.Tony_(see)me and _(come)and _(sit)at thesame table.He _ never _(borrow)money from me.While he _(eat),I_(ask)himtolendmetwentypounds.Tomysurprise,he_(give)methemoneyimmediately.Ihaveneverborrowedanymoneyfromyou,Tonysaid,sonowyoucanpayformydinner!washavingworkedisworkingaskedsawcamehassatgavewaseatingborrowsgetspaysborrowed55.