英汉汉英课外例句学习教案.ppt

会计学1英汉汉英课外英汉汉英课外(kwi)例句例句第一页，共43页。常用的翻译常用的翻译(fny)技巧技巧1.1.重复法重复法(repetition)(repetition)2.2.增译法增译法(amplification)(amplification)3.3.减译法减译法(omission)(omission)4.4.词类转移词类转移(zhu(zhu ny)ny)法法(conversion)(conversion)5.5.词序调整法词序调整法(inversion)(inversion)6.6.分译法分译法(division)(division)7.7.正说反译正说反译,反说正译法反说正译法(negation)(negation)8.8.语态语态 变换法变换法(the change of the voices)(the change of the voices)第1页/共42页第二页，共43页。1.重复法重复法1.1.汉语重复,英译时也重复;2.2.根据两种语言各自的习惯用法,以不同的表达方式进行重复,这种重复通常是为了(wi le)传达原文的生动性.第2页/共42页第三页，共43页。n nWe have We have toto analyze and solve problems.analyze and solve problems.n n我们要分析问题，解决问题。我们要分析问题，解决问题。n nLets revise our safety and sanitary regulations.Lets revise our safety and sanitary regulations.n n我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。n nGentlemen may cry,peace,peace-but there is no peace.Gentlemen may cry,peace,peace-but there is no peace.n n先生先生(xin sheng)(xin sheng)们尽管可以高呼和平，和平！但是依们尽管可以高呼和平，和平！但是依然没有和平。然没有和平。n nNels had it all written out neatly.Nels had it all written out neatly.n n纳尔斯把它写得清清楚楚。纳尔斯把它写得清清楚楚。第3页/共42页第四页，共43页。1.这种人闹什么东西呢?闹名誉,闹地位(dwi),闹出风头。2.What are they after?They are after name,after position,and they want to cut smart figure.3.2.大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。4.A large family has its difficulties.5.3.天苍苍,野茫茫,风吹草低见牛羊。6.The sky is blue,blue;7.And the steppe wide,wide;8.Over grass that the wind has battered low;9.Sheep and oxen roam.第4页/共42页第五页，共43页。4.寻寻觅觅,冷冷清请,凄凄惨惨戚戚;乍暖还寒(zh nun hi hn)时侯,最难将息。(译文1）Seek,seek;search,search;Cold,cold;bare,bare;Grief,grief;cruel,cruel grief.Now warm,then like the autumn cold again,How hard to calm the heart!（译文2）I seek but seek in vain,I search and search again;I feel so sad,so drear,So lonely,without cheer.（许渊冲译）第5页/共42页第六页，共43页。第6页/共42页第七页，共43页。n n5.青青(qn qn)河边草,郁郁园中柳。n n Green grows the grass upon the bank,n n The willow shoots are long and lank.第7页/共42页第八页，共43页。2.增译法增译法(y f)n n为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并使译文合乎表达习惯,必须增加一些词语,这就叫增译法.n n增词义增加虚词为多，也可酌量增加实词。n n英译汉时经常增加的词有结构词、数量词、概念词、语气词等。n n从增补的功能来看，可以分为(fn wi)结构增补、意义增补和修辞增补。第8页/共42页第九页，共43页。n nI am looking forward I am looking forward toto the holidays.the holidays.n n我们等待假日的到来。我们等待假日的到来。n nMuch of our morality is customary.Much of our morality is customary.n n我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。n nReading makes a full man;conference a ready man;and Reading makes a full man;conference a ready man;and writing an exact man.writing an exact man.n n读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人精确。读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人精确。n nHistories make men wise;poets witty;the mathematics Histories make men wise;poets witty;the mathematics subtle;natural philosophy deep;moral grave;logic and subtle;natural philosophy deep;moral grave;logic and rhetoric able rhetoric able toto contend.contend.n n读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密科学(kxu)(kxu)使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。善辩。第9页/共42页第十页，共43页。1.没有(mi yu)调查研究就没有(mi yu)发言权。2.He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.(No investigation,no right to speak.)3.2.子曰:“学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。”4.Confucius said:“He who learns without thinking is lost.He who thinks without learning remains puzzled.”5.3.虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。6.Modesty helps one to go forward,whereas conceit makes one lag behind.第10页/共42页第十一页，共43页。4.交出翻译之前,必须读几遍,看看(kn kn)有没有要修改的地方.这样你才能把工作做好。Before handing in your translation,you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved.Only thus can you do your work well.5.只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯。The magistrate are free to burn down houses,while the common people are forbidden even to light lamps.第11页/共42页第十二页，共43页。(One man may steal a horse,while another may not look over the hedge.)6.班门弄斧(bn mn nng f)Showing off ones proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter.7.三个臭皮匠,顶个诸葛亮。Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the master mind.8.留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。So long as green hills remain,there will never be a shortage of firewood.第12页/共42页第十三页，共43页。3.减译法减译法(y f)n n增译法的反面n n减译法是指原文中有些词在译文(ywn)中不译出来,因为译文(ywn)中虽无其词而已有其意,或者在译文(ywn)中是不言而喻的;n n减译法是删去一些可有可无的,或者有了反而累赘或违背译文(ywn)习惯表达法的词,并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。第13页/共42页第十四页，共43页。n n省译和增补是相辅相成的两种翻译技巧。n n省译分为结构省译和精炼压缩(y su)。n n所谓结构省译是由于英汉两种语言在句子结构上的差异造成的。在英译汉时经常省略的词有代词、系动词、介词、连词、冠词、先行词等。作主语和定语的人称代词以及做定语的物主代词均可省译。n n如果把结构省译看作是消极的省译手段，那么精炼压缩(y su)则是积极的省译手段前者明显，后者隐晦。第14页/共42页第十五页，共43页。n nA book is useful.A book is useful.n n书（是）有用（的）。书（是）有用（的）。n nThe earth goes around the sun.The earth goes around the sun.n n地球围绕太阳旋转。地球围绕太阳旋转。n nOn Sundays we have no school.On Sundays we have no school.n n礼拜天我们不上学礼拜天我们不上学(shng xu)(shng xu)。n n If you write him,the response would be absolute silence and If you write him,the response would be absolute silence and void.void.n n你写信给他，总是石沉大海。你写信给他，总是石沉大海。n nA wise man will not marry a woman who has attainments but A wise man will not marry a woman who has attainments but no virtue.no virtue.n n聪明的男人是不会娶有才无德的女子为妻的。聪明的男人是不会娶有才无德的女子为妻的。第15页/共42页第十六页，共43页。n nIt isnt rum for a woman It isnt rum for a woman toto want her old want her old husband back,for respectability,though for a husband back,for respectability,though for a man man toto want his old wife back well,perhaps it want his old wife back well,perhaps it is funny,rather!is funny,rather!n n（一个）女人为了体面（一个）女人为了体面(t(t min)min)（的关系）（的关系）而要（她的从）前（的那个丈）夫回来，而要（她的从）前（的那个丈）夫回来，这并不（是）奇怪（的事），虽然（一个）这并不（是）奇怪（的事），虽然（一个）男人要（他从）前（的那个）妻（子）回男人要（他从）前（的那个）妻（子）回来，也许是很有趣的事。来，也许是很有趣的事。n nNote:rum adj.-peculiar,oddNote:rum adj.-peculiar,odd第16页/共42页第十七页，共43页。4.词类词类(cli)转换法转换法 英译汉时词类(cli)转换的核心是根据需要将具有动作性的名词转换为汉语的动词，或者将可表示概念的动词转换为汉语名词。汉译英时则反其道而行之。第17页/共42页第十八页，共43页。n nFor students of composition,an awareness that rhetorical patterns differ from one culture to another can help them become more quickly proficient in a writing pattern that is not native to them.n n学习写作的人若能意识到各种文化在修辞模式上的差别(chbi)，则有助于他们迅速掌握对他们来说是外在的写作模式。第18页/共42页第十九页，共43页。n nIn those years the Republicans were in.In those years the Republicans were in.n n那些年是共和党执政。那些年是共和党执政。n nThe music is a gas.The music is a gas.n n这音乐妙极了。这音乐妙极了。n nSaud was a frustrated man at that time.Saud was a frustrated man at that time.n n沙特那时已受挫折。沙特那时已受挫折。n nTraditionally,there had always been good relations Traditionally,there had always been good relations between them.between them.n n.他们之间一直他们之间一直(yzh)(yzh)有着传统的友好关系。有着传统的友好关系。n nThis experiment is a great success.This experiment is a great success.n n这次实验是极为成功的。这次实验是极为成功的。第19页/共42页第二十页，共43页。1)语言这个东西不是随便可以学好(xu ho)的,非下苦功不可。The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.2)一定要少说空话,多做工作。There must be less empty talk and more hard work.第20页/共42页第二十一页，共43页。3.徐悲鸿画马画得特别好。Xu Beihongs drawings(paintings)of horses are exceptionally good.4.林则徐认为,要成功地禁止鸦片买卖,就得首先(shuxin)把鸦片焚毁。Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the trade in opium must be preceded by the destruction of the drug itself.第21页/共42页第二十二页，共43页。5.词序词序(cx)调整法调整法1 1 发生了这样的事不是你的错。发生了这样的事不是你的错。Its not your fault that this has happened.Its not your fault that this has happened.2 2 她，一个瘦弱多病的女孩子，以她坚强她，一个瘦弱多病的女孩子，以她坚强(jinqing)(jinqing)的毅力写出了一部催人奋进的毅力写出了一部催人奋进的小说。的小说。A thin and weak girl susceptible A thin and weak girl susceptible toto diseases,she wrote one inspiring novel after another diseases,she wrote one inspiring novel after another with her strong will.with her strong will.3 3 一直在一旁观看的小学生们开始鼓起掌来。一直在一旁观看的小学生们开始鼓起掌来。The pupils that had been watching started The pupils that had been watching started toto applaud.applaud.第22页/共42页第二十三页，共43页。4会议没能取得(qd)一致意见就结束了。5 The meeting ended in disagreement(without reaching a consensus).6这所大学现有计算机科学、高能物理、激光、地球物理、遥感技术、遗传工程六个专业。7 This university has six faculties,namely,Computer Science,High Energy Physics,Laser,Geo-physics,Remote Sensing and Genetic Engineering.第23页/共42页第二十四页，共43页。6.正说正说(zhn shu)反译、反译、反说正译法反说正译法反说 英语(yn y)词句中含有“never”,“no”,“non-”,“un-”,“im-”,“ir-”,“-less”等成分；汉语词句中含有“不，没，无，未，甭，别，休，莫，非，勿，毋”等成分.第24页/共42页第二十五页，共43页。1我想小李明天不会来了。2 I dont think Xiao Li will come tomorrow.32 我们的人民解放军无愧于伟大(wid)的人民军队的称号。4 Our PLA is worthy of being called a great army of the people.53 雷锋的高尚行为是赞扬不尽的。6 Lei Fengs noble deeds are above/beyond all praise.7她光着脚走进房间。(barefoot)8 She came into the room with no shoes on.95 法律面前人人平等。10 Law is no respecter of persons.第25页/共42页第二十六页，共43页。n nShe refrained(herself)from laughing.She refrained(herself)from laughing.n n她忍住了，没有发笑。她忍住了，没有发笑。n nShe was refused admittance by them.She was refused admittance by them.n n他们不许她进去。他们不许她进去。n nAn opportunity is not likely An opportunity is not likely toto repeat itself.repeat itself.n n抓住每一次机会。机不可失抓住每一次机会。机不可失,时不再来。莫失良机时不再来。莫失良机.n nAll that glitters is not gold.All that glitters is not gold.闪光的并不一定都是金子。闪光的并不一定都是金子。n nAll is not lost.All is not lost.有失也有得。并非全失。有失也有得。并非全失。n nBut all men are not born But all men are not born toto reign.reign.n n并非人人生来就都是作帝王将相的。并非人人生来就都是作帝王将相的。n nAll that flatter you too much are not faithful friends.All that flatter you too much are not faithful friends.n n吹捧你的人并非都是你的忠实朋友。吹捧你的人并非都是你的忠实朋友。n nBoth children are not clever.Both children are not clever.n n并非两个并非两个(li(li n n )孩子都聪明。孩子都聪明。第26页/共42页第二十七页，共43页。n nPrivate.Private.闲人莫入。闲人莫入。n nStaff Only!Keep Out!No Admittance!Staff Only!Keep Out!No Admittance!n nKeep upright.Keep upright.切勿倒置。切勿倒置。n nWet paint.Wet paint.油漆未干。油漆未干。n nUrban clearway.Urban clearway.市区通道，不准停车。市区通道，不准停车。n nInflammables-keep away from fire.Inflammables-keep away from fire.n n易燃物品，请勿近火。易燃物品，请勿近火。n nNo deposit will be refunded unless ticket is produced.No deposit will be refunded unless ticket is produced.凭凭票退还押金。票退还押金。n nThese visits will operate only if weather permits.These visits will operate only if weather permits.n n如遇天气恶劣，暂停以上参观如遇天气恶劣，暂停以上参观(cngun)(cngun)项目。项目。第27页/共42页第二十八页，共43页。n nIf you forward the transcripts yourself,they can be considered official only if the school envelope has remained sealed.n n如果你本人递交证件，只有校方信封保持(boch)密封才可以被认为是正式的。（误）n n如果证件由申请人本人递交，则本人不得擅自启封，否则证件将被视为无效。（正）第28页/共42页第二十九页，共43页。7.分译法分译法(y f)n n分译法主要用于长句的翻译。n n以毛泽东选集英译本为例，说明(shumng)汉语长句的分译法。第29页/共42页第三十页，共43页。1.如果长句以一表示判断或小结的从句结尾，可使用分译法。例如：2.3.这些国家的共产党和进步党派，正促使它们(t men)的政府和我们作生意，以至建立外交关系，这是善意的，这就是援助。4.The communist Parties and progressive groups in these countries are urging their government to establish trade and even diplomatic relations with us.This is goodwill.This is help.第30页/共42页第三十一页，共43页。2.如果汉语句子较长，其中有语气或话题的转折(zhunzh)，为了使英译文明确，可进行分译。例如：蒋介石说，中国过去没有内战，只有剿匪；不管叫什么吧，总之要发动反人民的内战。Chiang Kai-shek says there has never been any“civil war”in China,only“bandit suppression”.Whatever he likes to call it,the fact is he wants to start a civil war against the people.第31页/共42页第三十二页，共43页。3.如果汉语长句中含有反问句（或反诘(fnji)句）或感叹号，英译时通常要分译。不和中国的人民民主专政的当局好好地打交道，却要干这些混帐工作，而且公开地发表出来，丢脸！丢脸！Instead of dealing with the authorities of the Chinese peoples democratic dictatorship in the proper way,Acheson and his like are doing filthy work,and what is more,they have openly published it.What a loss of face!What a loss of face!第32页/共42页第三十三页，共43页。蒋介石说要建国，今后就是建什么国的斗争(du zhng)，是建立一个无产阶级领导的人民大众的新民主主义国家呢，还是建立一个大地主大资产阶级专政的半殖民地半封建的国家呢？Chiang Kai-shek talks about“building the country”.From now on the struggle will be to build what sort of country.To build a new-democratic country of the broad masses under the leadership of the proletariat?Or to build a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country under the dictatorship of the big landlords and the big bourgeoisie?第33页/共42页第三十四页，共43页。4.如果汉语长句(chn j)中含有从一般到具体或从具体到一般的过渡，英译时应分译。例如：这一点现在就必须向党内讲明白，务必使同志们继续地保持谦虚、谨慎、不骄不躁地作风，务必使同志们继续地保持艰苦奋斗地作风。This must be made clear now in the Party.The comrades must be taught to remain modest,prudent and free from arrogance and rashness in their style of work.The comrades must be taught to preserve the style of plain living and hard struggle.第34页/共42页第三十五页，共43页。5.如果汉语长句中含有几个平行的句子，各讲一方面的内容，英译时最好分译。例如：我军的现代化，就是要有一支强大的陆军(ljn)海军空军，要有现代化的武器装备，包括导弹和核武器，要严格训练，要按实战要求苦练过硬的杀敌本领，熟练掌握使用现代化武器装备的新技术，以及随之而来的新战术。第35页/共42页第三十六页，共43页。Our armys modernization calls for powerful ground,air and naval forces and modern arms and equipment,including guided missiles and weapons;it calls for rigorous and hard training to develop the ability to wipe out the enemy as required in actual combat;it calls for mastery of the new techniques involved in handling modern arms and equipment and of the new tactics entailed.第36页/共42页第三十七页，共43页。8.语态语态(y ti)变换法变换法n n被动(bidng)变主动 主动变被动(bidng)n n英语比汉语用更多的被动(bidng)语态；n n英语中用被动(bidng)语态的句子翻译成汉语时，我们可根据汉语的语言习惯吧被动(bidng)语态转换成主动语态；n n汉语中用主动语态的句子也可根据具体情况转换成被动(bidng)语态。第37页/共42页第三十八页，共43页。n n说话(shu hu)时，已摆了茶果上来。（红楼梦，第三回）n nMeanwhile refreshments had been served.n n当下茶果已撤，贾母命两个老嬷嬷带了黛玉去见两个母舅。（第三回）n nNow the refreshments had been cleared away and the Lady Dowager ordered two nurses to take Daiyu to see her two uncles.第38页/共42页第三十九页，共43页。n n林如海已葬入祖坟了，诸事停妥，贾琏方进京的。（林如海已葬入祖坟了，诸事停妥，贾琏方进京的。（1616）n nLin Ruhai had been buried in the ancestral graveyard and his obsequies Lin Ruhai had been buried in the ancestral graveyard and his obsequies completed,Jia Lian was able completed,Jia Lian was able toto start back for the capital.start back for the capital.n n至晚饭后，宝玉因吃了两杯酒，眼饧（至晚饭后，宝玉因吃了两杯酒，眼饧（xingxing）耳热之际，若往日则）耳热之际，若往日则有个袭人等大家喜笑有兴，今日却冷冷清清的一人有个袭人等大家喜笑有兴，今日却冷冷清清的一人(y rn)(y rn)对灯，好对灯，好没兴趣。（没兴趣。（2121）n nAfter dinner,flushed by a few cups of wine,Baoyu would normally have After dinner,flushed by a few cups of wine,Baoyu would normally have amused himself with Xiren and the others;but this evening he sat all amused himself with Xiren and the others;but this evening he sat all alone,disconsolate,by the lamp.alone,disconsolate,by the lamp.n n当下众人七言八语。当下众人七言八语。(25)(25)n nBy now proposals of all kinds were being made.By now proposals of all kinds were being made.第39页/共42页第四十页，共43页。注意英语常用注意英语常用注意英语常用注意英语常用(chn(chn yn yn)被动句型的汉语习惯译法被动句型的汉语习惯译法被动句型的汉语习惯译法被动句型的汉语习惯译法n nIt is hoped that 希望n nIt is reported that 据报道n nIt is said that 据说n nIt is supposed that 据推测n nIts must be admitted that 必须承认n nIt must be pointed out that必须指出(zh ch)n nIt is asserted that 有人主张第40页/共42页第四十一页，共43页。n nIt is believed that 有人相信n nIt is well known that 众所周知n nIt will be said that 人们(rn men)会说n nIt was told that人们(rn men)曾说n nI was told that 我听说第41页/共42页第四十二页，共43页。内容(nirng)总结会计学。读书使人充实(chngsh)，讨论使人机智，笔记使人精确。读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。3.虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。汉语词句中含有“不，没，无，未，甭，别，休，莫，非，勿，毋”等成分.第四十三页，共43页。