研究生英语下册unit-3省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课百校联赛优质课一等奖课件.ppt

UnitThreeBattlingtheCyberWarmongers1/321.A recent simulation of a devastating cyberattack on America was crying for a Bruce Willis lead(Para 1)Simulation:here means-The representation of operations of a data processing system by those of another data processing system.模拟 computer simulation 计算机仿真electronic simulation 电子模拟simulation error 模拟误差field simulation 现场仿真e.g.The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented method.2/32Cry for=cry out for:in great need;demand sth.;require sth.If you say that something cries out for a particular thing or action,you mean that it needs that thing or action very much.哭着要,哀求,迫切要求e.g.This system is crying out for reform.这种制度亟需改革 All these things cry out for careful planning.全部这些事情都迫切需要作出细致计划。3/322.A series of mysterious attack crippled much of the national infrastructure,including air traffic,financial markets and even basic email.(Para 1)Cripple:damage or weaken sth seriously 严重损坏或减弱e.g.A total cut-off of supplies would cripple the countrys economy.全方面切断物品供给会使该国经济陷入瘫痪。He had been warned that another bad fall could cripple him for life.医生警告他，假如再次严重摔伤他可能会终生残疾。4/323.an unrelated electricity outage took down whatever remained of the already unplugged East Coast.(Para 1)Outage:An outage is a period of time when the electricity supply to a building or area is interrupted,for example because of damage to the cables.电力中止，停电e.g.A windstorm in Washington is causing power outages throughout the region.风暴造成整个华盛顿地域电力供给中止。Takedown:remove each piece of the structure 拆掉，拆除Here means destroy sth completely 彻底摧毁5/324.A Washington-based think tank,and broadcast on CNN on a Saturday nighthad an unexpected twist.Thinktank:organization or group of experts providing advice and ideas on national or commercial problems.智囊团，教授小组Twist:change or unexpected development 转折，转变，发展e.g.the twists and turns of economic policy 经济政策一波三折 a strange twist of fate 命运奇异改变6/325.The American government appeared incompetent,indecisive and confused(Para 2)incompetent:not having or showing the necessary skills to do sth successfully不胜任;不称职:e.g.He was criticized for his incompetent handling of the problem 他因处理该问题无能而受到批评.indecisive:unable to make decisions;hesitating;uncertain 无能力做决定；迟疑不决；不必定；优柔寡断e.g.Hes too indecisive to make a good leader.他优柔寡断，当不了好领导。7/326.The past few months have been packed with cyber-jingoism from former and current national security officials.(Para 3)bepackedwith:fill,cram or crowd sth(with sth/sb)（事物）塞满 充满某处;（人）挤满某处 e.g.The stadium was packed with chanting fans.热情观众挤满了体育场,不停地喊叫着有节奏口号.This book is packed with useful information.Jingoism:extreme and unreasonable belief that ones own country is best,together with a warlike attitude towards other countries 极端爱国主义（主张对外实施战争政策）8/327.The murky nature of recent attacks on Googlein which someone tricked a Google employee into opening a malicious link(Para 4)murky:If you describe something as murky,you mean that the details of it are not clear or that it is difficult to understand 含糊不清，捉摸不透，难以了解e.g.The law here is a little bit murky.此处法律条文有点含糊不清。tricksbintosth/doingsth:cause sb to do sth by means of a trick 用计诱使某人做某事e.g.The old man was tricked into buying a secondhand radio.老人受骗买了一台二手收音机。9/328.Compound rate(Para 6)复利率Interest paid on both the original capital and the interest added to it复利率是每年都结算一次利息（以单利率方式结算），然后把本金和利息和起来作为下一年本金，下一年结算利息时就用这个数字作为本金。复利率比单利率得到利息要多。9.Given(Para7)prep.taking sth into account 考虑到e.g.Given her interest in children,I am sure teaching is the right career for her10/329.Land(Para7)(infml 口)here means succeed in obtaining(sth),esp against strong competition 取得某物（尤指经激烈竞争）land a good job,a big contract,the prize 取得一份好工作 大项目标协议 奖.10.GoodHarborConsulting(Para7):a security firm provides strategic advice and counsel for a broad range of clients-including Fortune 500 companies,industry associations,system.11.take/treat/approachsthlightly(Para8):to do sth without serious thought11/3212.Cyber-Katrina(Para8)a cyber attack event ever happened in which fragmented bureaucracies and companies fail to share critical information and coordinate responses to cyber intruders attempting to disrupt power grids,financial markets,or any number of now-plausible scenarios involving a Web shutdown.13.take/holdsbhostage(Para8)seize/keep sb as a hostage 抓住或扣押某人作为人质e.g.The gunman is holding two kids hostage in the building.12/3214.pointtosth.(Para9)(fig 比喻)suggest the likelihood of sth;indicate sth 暗示某物可能性;指示某物e.g.I cant point to any one particular reason for it.All evidence points to his guilt.15.resemblance(Para9):likeness or similarity 相同;相像e.g.There is a degree of resemblance between the two boys.Your story bears/has/shows little or no resemblance to the facts.13/3216.alarmistadj.(Para9)Someone or something that is alarmist causes unnecessary fear or anxiety that something unpleasant or dangerous is going to happen.轻事重报；危言耸听；杞人忧天e.g.Contrary to the more alarmist reports,he is not going to die.那些愈加危言耸听报道说他生命垂危，但事实并非如此。17.arguablyadv.(Para9)as can be shown by argument可论证地;能够说;按理说e.g.He is arguably the best actor of his generation.他能够说是当代最好演员。John sings very well though Peter is arguably the better actor.约翰唱得很好，不过按理说彼得演得愈加好。14/3218.Hype(Para9)n.misleading and exaggerated publicity 天花乱坠宣传报道e.g.My products arent based on advertising hype,they sell by word of mouth.我产品销售靠不是天花乱坠广告宣传，而是良好口碑。v.hype sth up:publicize sth in a wildly exaggerated way 言过其实地宣传某事物e.g.The movie has been hyped up far beyond its work.19.armsrace(Para9):An arms race is a situation in which two countries or groups of countries are continually trying to get more and better weapons than each other.15/32BombergapThebombergapwastheunfoundedbeliefintheColdWar-eraUnitedStatesthattheSovietUnionhadgainedanadvantageindeployingjet-poweredstrategicbombers.Widelyacceptedforseveralyears,thegapwasusedasapoliticaltalkingpointinordertojustifygreatlyincreaseddefensespending.指冷战时期，美国有意渲染苏联布署了一个喷气指冷战时期，美国有意渲染苏联布署了一个喷气动力战略轰炸机而对美国形成动力战略轰炸机而对美国形成“非对称优势非对称优势”而而争取军费发展美国空军战略轰炸力量借口。争取军费发展美国空军战略轰炸力量借口。16/3220.Brim(Para12)v.withbe completely full充满e.g.His eyes brimmed with tears England are brimming with confidence after two straight wins in the tournament.英格兰队在锦标赛中连赢两场后信心大增。21.Wipeout(Para12):remove;erase;destroy sth completely 除去，擦掉，彻底摧毁e.g.The attack is to wipe out data,to delete flies,or to format the hard disk.常见攻击方式是消除数据、删除文件或者格式化硬盘。The government is trying to wipe out drug trafficking.政府尽力去除毒品买卖活动。No matter when the invader comes,they will be wiped out clean.不论侵略者什麽时候来，都必被毁灭。17/32爱德华爱德华默罗默罗(EdwardR.Murrow)（1908年年4月月25日日1965年年4月月27日），美国广播新闻界日），美国广播新闻界一代宗师，新闻广播史上著名人物，一代宗师，新闻广播史上著名人物，CBS著名播音员。著名播音员。凯文凯文米特尼克（米特尼克（KevinDavidMitnick，1963年美国洛杉矶出生），年美国洛杉矶出生），有评论称他为世界上有评论称他为世界上“头号电脑骇客头号电脑骇客”。15岁米特闯进了岁米特闯进了“北美空中防北美空中防护指挥系统护指挥系统”计算机主机同时另外一计算机主机同时另外一些朋友翻遍了美国指向前苏联及其盟些朋友翻遍了美国指向前苏联及其盟国全部核弹头数据资料，然后又悄然国全部核弹头数据资料，然后又悄然无息溜了出来。这成为了黑客历史上无息溜了出来。这成为了黑客历史上一次经典之作。一次经典之作。18/32Armchair:adj.withouthavingorprovidingpracticalexperienceofsth对某对某事物没有实际经验事物没有实际经验e.g.armchaircritic空谈批评家空谈批评家armchairdetective不作深入调查侦探不作深入调查侦探armchairstrategy不切实际战略不切实际战略Armchairtraveler:sbwhoreadsorhearsabouttravelbutdoesnottravelhimself神游旅游者神游旅游者19/3222.-bound(formingcompound)1.headingforaspecifieddirectionoraplace向某向某处，某方向处，某方向WeareLondon-bound.Northboundtrafficmaybedelayedbecauseofanaccidentonthemotorway.2.confinedtoaspecifiedplace限制在某个场所限制在某个场所Idontlikebeingdesk-boundallday.Hisillnesshaslefthimcompletelyhouse-bound.3.obstructedorhinderedbythespecifiedconditions因某种情况而受阻因某种情况而受阻snowbound/fogboundairportsStrikeboundtravellersfacelongdelaysthisweekend.20/3223.ushersthin:(fig比喻比喻)markthestartofsth;heraldsth开创、开始；引进；预报；预示开创、开始；引进；预报；预示e.g.The new government ushered in a period of prosperity.新政府成立带来了一个繁荣时期。This would usher in a new revolution in physics.政府在房价干预政策方面调整预示着稳定房价时期降临。The adjustment of the governments interference strategies on housing ushered in a period of stable house prices.21/3224.Playsecondfiddle(tosb/sth):betreatedaslessimportantthananotherperson,activity,etc居次位；当副手居次位；当副手e.g.I have no intention of playing second fiddle to the new director,so Ive resigned.His family has had to play second fiddle to his political career.他因从政而把家庭置於次要地位。25.shellfire:anexplosioncausedbyshellsbeingfiredfromlargegunsn.炮火炮火e.g.Their houses were damaged by the enemys shellfire.The enemys shellfire is very fierce.敌人炮火非常凶猛。22/3226.infest:ofpests,vermin,insects,etc)livein(aplace)persistentlyandinlargenumbers（指有害鸟兽昆虫等）大批孳生出没指有害鸟兽昆虫等）大批孳生出没,遍布遍布,侵扰（某处）侵扰（某处）:a warehouse infested by rats 有大批老鼠出没仓库A garden infested with weeds 杂草丛生花园Propaganda-infested:大量宣传，大肆宣传27.onthetable:offeredforconsiderationordiscussion提交考虑或讨论提交考虑或讨论:Management have put several new proposals on the table.主管人员已将几项新提议提交讨论.23/3228.Obsolete:Somethingthatisnolongerusedoroutofdate不再使用不再使用;过时过时e.g.The army plans to phase out the equipment as it becomes obsolete.军队计划淘汰这些设备，因为它们已经报废了。29.Decentralize:1)权力下放权力下放;将（权力将（权力权限等）权限等）自中央政府转到地方政府自中央政府转到地方政府:e.g.If we decentralize,the provinces will have more autonomy.我们把权力下放,各省就有更多自主权2)distribute(industry,workers,population,etc)overawiderareaawayfromthecentre将将（工业（工业工人工人人口等）自集中点分散到较大区域内人口等）自集中点分散到较大区域内.decentralizedenterprise分散经营企业分散经营企业24/3230.Alongwithsth:inadditiontosth除某除某事物之外事物之外e.g.Tobaccoistaxedinmostcountriesalongwithalcohol.Childrenaregiventwouniformsandtwopairsofshoeseachyear,alongwithschoolsupplies.25/3231.glean:gather(grainleftinafieldbyharvestworkers)拾（收割者落在地里谷物）拾（收割者落在地里谷物）.sth(fromsb/sth)(fig 比喻)obtain(news,facts,information,etc)usu from various sources,in small quantities and with effort 搜集（消息搜集（消息资料资料情报等）（通常指起源广情报等）（通常指起源广零碎而费劲）零碎而费劲）:E.g.glean a few bits of information from overhearing various conversations 从旁边听到谈话中搜集点滴信息32.intelligence:heremeansinformation,esp.ofmilitaryvalue情报情报,信息（尤指有军事价值）信息（尤指有军事价值）:an intelligence-gathering satellite 搜集情报卫星26/3233.inadvertentadj(ofactions)donewithoutthinkingornotdeliberately（指行动）漫不经（指行动）漫不经心心,非有意非有意,无意无意:an inadvertent slip,omission,etc 不经意失误不经意失误遗漏等遗漏等.Inadvertently adv.by accident;unintentionally 偶然地;非有意地;无意地:e.g.She inadvertently telephoned the wrong person.她无意中打错了电话.34.surgicalprecision:手术般准确手术般准确e.g.The simple words had cut to the heart of the issue with surgical precision.简单几句话就能精准地切入问题关键。27/3235.graffitinsin.graffito drawings or writing on a public wall,usu.humorous,obscene or political(在公共墙壁上涂写)图画或文字(通常含幽默 猥亵或政治内容）.36.Recast:If you recast something,you change it by organizing it in a different way.v.改动,重铸,重作e.g.She recast her lecture as a radio talk.她把讲义改动后用作电台讲话.37.Initiative:an important act or statement that is intended to solve a problem.为处理困难而采取行动:e.g.It is hoped that the governments initiative will bring the strike to an end.希望政府采取行动能够结束罢工.Government initiatives to help young people have been inadequate.政府在主动帮助年轻人方面做得还不够。28/3238.Butitsthroughrationaldeliberation,notfear-mongering,thatwecandevisepoliciesthatwillaccomplishthis.Monger:1）V.sellorofferforsaleformplacetoplace兜售兜售N.traderordealer商人商人,贩子贩子2）personwhomakessomethingunpleasantwidelyknown传输坏事人传输坏事人:a gossip/rumor monger 造谣者 a scandalmonger制造丑闻者 a friction-monger制造摩擦者.Paraphrase:but it is through reasonable discussion,not fear-making and spreading,that we can create policies to make internet more secure.29/32Exercisesa.1)derail:tomake(atrain,etc)leavethetrack使脱轨使脱轨;(figurative)tospoilorinterruptaplan,agreementetc.e.g.Thepresentwaveofpoliticalkillingsistheworkofpeopletryingtoderailpeacetalks.当前这一系列政治谋杀乃是那些想阻挠和平谈判人所当前这一系列政治谋杀乃是那些想阻挠和平谈判人所为。为。holdfastto:continuetobelieveinHoldfasttowhatisright!正确就要坚持！正确就要坚持！30/32Exercises4)nascentadj.(formal)beginningtoexist;notyetfullydeveloped新生新生;初生初生;还未成熟还未成熟;尚不发达尚不发达anascentindustry/ability;anascentdemocracy/revolt5)设计了一系列数字控制电路和模拟电路，设计了一系列数字控制电路和模拟电路，最终把电路组合在一起进行系统级仿真。最终把电路组合在一起进行系统级仿真。6)用计算机业界行业术语来说，鼠标既指往用计算机业界行业术语来说，鼠标既指往返移动以控制屏幕上光标指示器物理设备，返移动以控制屏幕上光标指示器物理设备，也指屏幕上光标指示器本身。也指屏幕上光标指示器本身。31/32Exercises8)拔出电源线时，务必手握电源插头，不然拔出电源线时，务必手握电源插头，不然电源线受损可能会引发漏电。电源线受损可能会引发漏电。b.1)不难预见到，这种新网络化经济，尤其不难预见到，这种新网络化经济，尤其是电子货币和虚拟银行是电子货币和虚拟银行，潜在着极为深刻危，潜在着极为深刻危机。机。6)美国研究人员称生气和其它强烈情绪会触美国研究人员称生气和其它强烈情绪会触发可能致命心律失常发可能致命心律失常9)在这一年里，中国经济克服外部环境不利在这一年里，中国经济克服外部环境不利影响，继续保持连续健康发展，实属不易。影响，继续保持连续健康发展，实属不易。32/32