新课程大学英语综合教程第二册全书全套教学教程电子教案电子讲义.ppt

Pre-readingPre-readingWhile-readingWhile-readingAfter-readingTextAPowerofPersonalAttitudesPre-readingPre-readingWhile-readingWhile-readingAfter-readingTextBIsStrssCatching?Text B:Pre-readingText B:Pre-reading2.Sayingsandquotations1.MultipleChoice1.Itsreallydistracting,butifyouoffertohelpshegetsdefensive.A.difficulttoconcentrateB.difficulttoattractC.easytoconcentrateD.easytoattract2.Shewalksintotheroomandinfectstheplaceinfiveminutesflat.A.inadirectwayB.smoothandevenC.lackinginterestD.havingalevelsurfacePre-readingPre-reading3.Astudyoutlastweekseemstosupportthistheoryclaimingstresscanbeascontagiousasthecommoncoldandyoucanactuallycatchotherpeoplesanxieties.A.vulnerableB.infectiousC.sensibleD.sensitive4.Soifyouaresittingnexttoamoaningcolleaguewhogoesintomeltdownabouttheslightestthing,orspendsthedaywhining,itcouldleaveyouwithmorethanabentearitcouldgiveyousecond-handstress.A.acomplainingcolleagueB.anexcitingcolleagueC.aninterestingcolleagueD.acapablecolleaguePre-readingPre-reading5.Justaswecanbuildupourimmunitytocoldsandflu,sowecanbuildupourresistancetostress.A.personalityB.determinationC.resistanceD.preventionPre-readingPre-readingRealizethatnotallmovementisprogress.Whenstressandtensionandchaossurroundyou,pauseforamomentandrelax.Thebesttimetotakeadeepbreathiswhenyoudonthavetimeforit.不是所有动向都是进步。当遇到压力、紧张和混乱时，不是所有动向都是进步。当遇到压力、紧张和混乱时，应先停下来放松。越是焦头烂额，越该深呼吸。应先停下来放松。越是焦头烂额，越该深呼吸。weareallinthegutter,butsomeofusarelookingatthestars.OscarWilde我们都生活在阴沟，但仍有些人仰望星空。我们都生活在阴沟，但仍有些人仰望星空。奥斯卡王尔德奥斯卡王尔德Thriveincalamityandperishinsoftliving.生于忧患死于安乐生于忧患死于安乐SayingsandquotationsWhile-readingWhile-reading：TextText While-readingWhile-reading：TextTextTIsStressCatching?1Untilsixmonthsago,JulieHalllovedherjob.Shehadbeen with the firm for three years,got on with hercolleagues and thrived on the challenges of working in abusyHRdepartment.Thenanewmanagerarrivedandeverythingchanged.2Atfirst,sheseemednice,ifabithighlystrung,butIput it down to new job nerves,says Julie,38,fromWimbledon.While-readingWhile-reading：TextText3Butastheweekswentonitbecameclearthatshewasthekindofpersonwhogotstressedbyanythingandeverything.When shes upset,which is frequently,she mutters andcursesloudlyunderherbreath.Itsreallydistracting,butifyouoffertohelpshegetsdefensive.4Iamnaturallyaneasy-goingpersonandgetonwellwitheveryone,but being around her is hard.I feel myselfphysicallytensingup.IfinditdifficulttoconcentratewithhermumblingnexttomeandsoIbecomestressedbecauseImfallingbehind,whereasIwasalwaysontopofmyworkbefore.5ItsgottothestagewhereIleaveworkfeelingalmostasuptightasshedoesanddreadgoinginthenextday.Mycolleaguesfeelthesame.Shespeakstothemaggressivelyandnobodycanrelaxbecausewerealwayswaitingforhertoturnonus.While-readingWhile-reading：TextText6Itslikeherstresshasspreadthroughoutthewholeoffice.Shewalksintotheroomandinfectstheplaceinfiveminutesflat.7SocouldJuliesbosssstressbeinfectious?Astudyoutlastweekseemstosupportthistheoryclaimingstresscanbeas contagious as the common cold and you can actuallycatchotherpeoplesanxieties.8Soifyouaresittingnexttoamoaningcolleaguewhogoesintomeltdownabouttheslightestthing,orspendsthedaywhining,itcouldleaveyouwithmorethanabentearitcouldgiveyousecond-handstress.While-readingWhile-reading：TextText9PsychologistProfessorElaineHatfieldsayspassiveorsecond-hand stress can quickly spread around theworkplace.10 We can catch other peoples anxiety,depression orstress.Whatevertheyrefeeling,wefeelthesameway,saysProfessorHatfield.11 Her study found that,like sponges,we soak up otherpeoplesemotionsbeitgoodorbadsomethingcalledemotionalcontagion.12Inpart,wetakeonourcolleaguesstressinanattempttoidentifywiththem.Butthenthemiserypouredintoourearsstartstohavearealeffectandcausesustodwellonourowntroublesmorethanweusuallywould.While-readingWhile-reading：TextText13Aswellasabsorbingotherpeoplesfeelingswecansub-consciously mimic stressed body language hunchingshouldersorfurrowingourbrowswhentalkingtothem.14Juliescaseisfarfromunique.StresshasemergedasthemostcommonreasonforBritishworkerstobesignedoffonlong-termsickleaveaheadofstroke,heartattack,cancerandbackproblems.15Stresshasbecomesowidespread.Whilestressoftenhastangiblecausesthethreatofredundancies,heightenedwork-loads,poorsalesitcanalsobeexacerbatedjustbybeingaroundotherstressedpeople.While-readingWhile-reading：TextText16 Other peoples stress inevitably affects us all.Weredesignedtonoticetheemotionalstatesofothersitspartof natural empathy.Body language,expression,tone ofvoiceandwhatsomeonessayingareallindicatorsofstress.Ithappensautomatically,butsomepeoplewillpickupotherpeoplesfeelingsmorekeenlythanothers.17Andtherearelotsoflittlethingsyoucandotomakeyourselflesslikelytocatchstress.Justaswecanbuildupour immunity to colds and flu,so we can build up ourresistancetostress.18Firstofall,hesays,separateotherpeoplesstressfromyourown.While-readingWhile-reading：TextText19Ifyouarewithsomebodywhoisstressed,acknowledgethesituation,butdontreactimpulsively.Takeamentalstepback,breatheandtrytocreateamindsetthatstopsyouabsorbingtheirstress,20Oftenithelpstophysicallystepawayfromthesituationgetacupoftea,lookoutofthewindoworwalkaroundtheblock.21Butsurelyweshouldbetryingtohelpourfriendsandcolleagueswhentheyarestressedandoverwhelmed?While-readingWhile-reading：TextText22Onlyuptoapoint,saysProfessorCaryCooper,anexpertonworkplacestress,fromLancasterUniversity.23Weshouldtrytohelpcolleaguesorfriendswhoarestruggling,says Professor Cooper.But very often peoplejust like to vent their feelings without ever solving theirproblems.Andyoushouldwalkawayfromthembecausetheywillinfectyouwiththeirnegativity.24Andwhatshouldwebedoingifitseemslikethewholeofficearelosingtheirheads,notjustonemoaningsoulinthecorner?25Alltoooftenofficeshaveacultureinwhichyoufeelyou need to appear to be stressed in order to look likeyoure busy the result is everyone running aroundfranticallywhenitsunnecessary.Dontbedraggedintothiswayofworking.While-readingWhile-reading：TextText26Ifcolleaguesarehavingamoan,eitherwalkawayorsaysomethingpositiveaboutthesituationoftenthingsarentasbadifwekeeptheminperspective.27Positivitycanbeinfectious,too.Pointoutthegoodthingsgoingonatwork.Talkaboutpersonalthingswhatyouredoingattheweekend,forexample.28 Good advice A bit of self-awareness and goodcommunicationiswhatsneeded.Letpeopleknowyouareunderpressureandletthemhelpyou.Thatway,insteadofbeingsomethingnastythatspreadslikeavirus,stresscanbeturnedintoforceforgood.压力会传染吗？压力会传染吗？1 六个月前，茱莉一直很喜爱她的工作。她在这家公司已经工作了三年，她与同事相处愉快，而且在人力资源部的忙碌工作和挑战中快速成长。有一天来了位新的经理一切都变了。2 “起初，她看起来很友善，就是弦绷得有点紧，但是我把它归结为新官上任的原因。”38岁的茱莉说。茱莉是温布尔顿人。While-readingWhile-reading：TranslationTranslation3 但是时间一周一周过去，越来越明显的是，她就是那种对任何事情都高度紧张的人。当她不安的时候，她会小声抱怨或者大声骂人，而且这种现象很频繁。这真的很使人分心，但是如果你向她提供帮助，她会马上戒备起来。4 我天性随和，和谁都相处的很融洽，但是在她身边真的很难。我感觉自己变得紧张起来。我也发现她在我旁边不停的小声埋怨让我很难集中注意力，从而导致我工作掉队，我也因此变得压力大，而之前我总是把工作做在别人前面。5 现在已经到了这个程度，下班后我感觉和她一样紧张，而且害怕第二天去上班。我的同事也有同感。她和同事们说话攻击性很强，没有人可以放松，因为我们总是要随时准备着她把矛头指向我们。While-readingWhile-reading：TranslationTranslation 6 “她的压力似乎已经传播到整个办公室了。她踏进办公室五分钟后，整个办公室就会受到传染。”7 是不是茱莉老板的压力具有传染性？上周的一项研究好像支持这个理论该研究称压力可以像普通的感冒一样传染给别人，你会感染到其他人的压力。8 所以如果坐在你旁边的同事因为一点小事而感觉崩溃，并且不停地唠叨，你可能不仅仅是个倾听者它可能会带给你“二手压力”。While-readingWhile-reading：TranslationTranslation 9 心理学教授伊莱恩.哈特菲尔德说“消极”或者二手的压力能够很快地在办公场所传播。10 哈特菲尔德教授说：“我们会被他人的忧虑，压抑或者压力所传染。我们会有和他们一样的感觉。”11 她的研究表明，我们会像海绵一样吸收他人的情感不论是好的还是不好的就是所谓的情感传染。12 在某种程度上，我们承担我们同事的压力是因为我们试图去同情他们。但是苦恼的事情进入我们耳朵之后就开始产生真实的效果，这使得我们比平常更多地去想我们的烦恼。While-readingWhile-reading：TranslationTranslation 13 除了吸收他人的情感，我们会下意识地模拟压力肢体语言在与他们交谈时，耸肩或者皱眉。14 茱莉的例子并不鲜见。压力已经成为英国员工请长期病假的最常见理由排在中风，心脏病，癌症以及背部疾病前。15 压力已经变得非常普遍。一方面压力通常由明确的原因所致裁员的威胁，过高的工作负荷以及销售业绩不佳另一方面在有压力人的周围也会导致压力加重。While-readingWhile-reading：TranslationTranslation16 他人的压力不可避免的影响我们大家。我们与生俱来的会注意他人的情感状态这是一种自然的移情。肢体语言，表达方式，说话语气以及所说内容都预示着压力。它会自然而然的发生，但是有些人对他人的情感反应更加激烈。17 有很多让你不受压力传染的方法。就像我们可以提高免疫力以预防感冒和流感一样，我们也可以建立我们抵御压力的系统。18 首先，将别人的压力与自己的压力分开。While-readingWhile-reading：TranslationTranslation 19 如果你正和有压力的人在一起，意识到该情形时不要反应过于冲动。在心理上后退一步，深呼吸，尽量使自己不要吸收他们的压力。20 喝杯茶，看看窗外或者在大楼外走动走动身体上远离这种情形通常会对我们有所帮助。21 但是当我们的朋友和同事压力过大时，难道我们不应该尽量帮忙吗？While-readingWhile-reading：TranslationTranslation 22 研究职场压力的兰开斯特大学教授卡里库珀说，只能帮到一定程度。23 库珀教授说：我们该帮的应该是那些与压力抗争的朋友或同事，但是很多时候，人们只是喜欢发泄他们的情感，并未想过解决问题。这种情况，你应该远离他们，因为他们的消极态度会影响你。24 如果整个办公室的人都垂头丧气，而不仅仅是一个人在角落里埋怨，那么我们该怎么办呢？25 通常在办公室有这样一种文化，你觉得你应该显得压力很大，这样的话你看起来就会很忙碌结果是，虽然没有这个必要，但每个人都疯狂的乱窜。不要陷入这种工作方式。While-readingWhile-reading：TranslationTranslation 26 如果有同事向你抱怨，要么走开要么说一些积极的话通常事情没有他们说的那么糟糕，如果我们让他们换个角度来看的话。27 积极性也能传染。指出工作中的优点。说些私人的事情比如，你周末所做的事情。28 提一些建设性的建议有一些自我意识与良好的沟通能力是必须的。让别人了解你的压力并且请求他们的帮助。这样的话，压力就会变成动力，而不是像散播病毒一样令人讨厌的到处散播压力。While-readingWhile-reading：TranslationTranslationthrive/rav/v.tobecomeverysuccessfulorverystrongandhealthy兴旺，欣欣向荣e.g.Thebusinessisstartedbyhimfromscratch,anditmanagedtothriveduringarecession.这家企业由他白手起家，并且在经济萧条时期也能顺利发展。Wordfamily:thrivingadj.e.g.athrivingtouristindustry 欣欣向荣的旅游业Seealso:thriveone.g.Iwouldntwantthatmuchpressure,butsheseemstothriveonit.我并不希望有那么多的压力，而她却好像乐在其中。While-readingWhile-reading：Words&PhrasesWords&Phrasesputdownto归因于，说成是由造成的e.g.Hereferredallhistroublestobadluck.他将他的一切麻烦都归因于运气不好。Iputitalldowntoherhardworkandinitiative.我把这一切归因于她工作又勤奋又主动。Atfirsttheoutbreakoffoodpoisoningwasputdowntocontaminatedmilk.起初以为食物中毒是牛奶受到污染的缘故。Seealso:putdown记下；镇压e.g.Makesurethatyouputdowneverywordshesays.切实要记下她说的每一个字。Themilitarywerecalledouttoputdowntheriot.军队奉召出动去镇压暴动。While-readingWhile-reading：Words&PhrasesWords&Phrasesmutter/mt(r)/v.to speak in a low voice,especially because you are annoyed about something oryoudonotwantpeopletohearyou嘀咕，悄声说e.g.1.I never want to come here again,he muttered tohimself.“我再也不想来这儿了。他嘀咕道。2.ShemutteredsomethingIcouldntcatchandwalkedoff.她咕哝了一句什么我也没听懂，她就走掉了。While-readingWhile-reading：Words&PhrasesWords&Phrasescurse/ks/v.tosayorthinkbadthingsbecausetheyhavemadeyouangry咒骂e.g.1.Hecursedhisbadluckinarrivingjustaftershedleft.他骂自己运气不好，到达的时候她刚好离开。2.Elsacursedherselfforbelievinghislies.Elsa 骂自己相信了他的谎言。n.a word or sentence used to ask sth bad happens to sb.who get you angry 诅咒e.g.Hemutteredacurseunderhisbreath.他低声骂了一句。While-readingWhile-reading：Words&PhrasesWords&Phrasesdistract/dstrkt/v.totakesomeonesattentionawayfromsomethingsothatitisstrangeorunclear分散（注意力），使分心e.g.Coverage of the war was used to distractattentionofthepublicfromothermatters对战争的报道被用来分散公众对其他事情的注意力。WordFamily:distractionn.e.g.I study in the library as there are too manydistractionsathome.我在图书馆学习，家里分心的事太多。While-readingWhile-reading：Words&PhrasesWords&Phrasestense/tens/adj.feelingveryanxiousandworried令人紧张的 e.g.1.Hetriedtospeakinordertobreakthetensesilence.他尝试着说话，以此来打破这令人紧张的沉默。2.Massageisgreatifyourneckandbackaretense.如果颈部和背部肌肉紧张，按摩很管用。v.tomakeyourmusclestightandstiff使（肌肉）绷紧；紧张e.g.Everytimethephonerang,shetensed.每次电话铃一响，她就紧张。tenseup:becomenervouse,uneasy紧张e.g.Somestudentsgetverytenseupbeforeoralexams.口试总使一些学生很紧张While-readingWhile-reading：Words&PhrasesWords&PhrasesWordfamily:tenselyadv.tensionn.e.g.Thetensionwasbecomingunbearable,andIwantedtoscream.这种紧张变得难以忍受，我真想大声尖叫。Exerciseistheidealwaytorelievetensionafterahardday.运动锻炼是劳累一天后最理想的减压方法。While-readingWhile-reading：Words&PhrasesWords&Phrasesmumble/mmbl/v.speakorsayunclearlyandusuallyquietly喃喃而语；咕哝e.g.1.Healwaysmumbleswhenhesembarrassed.他感到难为情时说话就含糊不清了。2.She mumbled an apology andleft.她嘟嘟囔囔地道了歉就走了。While-readingWhile-reading：Words&PhrasesWords&Phraseswhereas/werz/conj.1.（用以比较或对比两个事实）但是,然而,尽管e.g.Somepraisehim,whereasotherscondemnhim.有些人赞扬他,而有些人谴责他.She has authentic charm whereas most people simplyhavenicemanners她散发出真正的魅力,而大多数人只是举止优雅.Hischildrenarewellbred,whereasthoseofhissisterarenaughty.他的孩子很有教养,但他姐姐的孩子却调皮得很.2.（用于正式文件中句子的开头）鉴于e.g.Whereasthefollowingincidentshaveoccurred.鉴于下列事件业已发生.While-readingWhile-reading：Words&PhrasesWords&PhrasesSeealso:while可以位于句中也可以位于句首n.1.一会儿,一段时间e.g.Illbebackinawhile.我一会儿就回来。conj.1.当.的时候,和.同时Shelistenedcloselywhilehereadtheletter.他读信时,她听得很仔细。Illtakecareofyourchildrenwhileyouareaway.你不在时我会照顾你的孩子的。Wemuststrikewhiletheironishot.我们必须趁热打铁。While-readingWhile-reading：Words&PhrasesWords&Phrases2.而,然而Iliketeawhileshelikescoffee.我喜欢喝茶,而她喜欢喝咖啡。3.虽然,尽管WhileIlikethecolorofthehat,Idonotlikeitsshape.虽然我喜欢这顶帽子的颜色,但我不喜欢它的形状。4.只要vt.消磨(时光),轻松地度过(+away)HewhiledawaythewholeafternoonwatchingTV.他看电视消磨了一个下午。While-readingWhile-reading：Words&PhrasesWords&Phrasesuptight/ptat/adj.1)behaving in an angry way because you are feelingnervousandworried(因紧张不安而）愤怒的e.g.Youhavetohavetolearntolaughinsteadofgettinguptightaboutthings.遇事不要恼怒，你要学会笑着面对。2)havingstricttraditionalattitudesandseemingunabletorelax拘谨的，紧张的e.g.Irememberhimwhenhewasanuptightteenager.我还记得他那腼腆少年的模样。While-readingWhile-reading：Words&PhrasesWords&Phrasesdread/dred/v.tofeelanxiousorworriedaboutsomethingthatisgoingtohappen畏惧，惧怕 1.IvegotaninterviewtomorrowandImdreadingit.明天我要去面试，我正担心呢。2.Hedreadedtheprospectofbeingaloneinthathouse.他害怕今后要独自一人生活在那房子里。3.Tomorrow is thedeadline,butTomhasnot finishedthetask,whichmakeshimterriblynervous,andheisdreadinggoingbacktomeettheboss.明天就是截止日期了，但是Tom还没有完成任务，这让他相当紧张，害怕回去见到老板。While-readingWhile-reading：Words&PhrasesWords&Phrases4.Idreadtothinkwhatwillhappeniftheygetelected.我不敢去想象一旦他们当选会怎样。5.Hedreadsthathiswifemighttakethechildfromhim.他担心妻子可能把孩子带走。While-readingWhile-reading：Words&PhrasesWords&Phrasesaggressive/resv/adj.1)behavinginanangrythreateningway好斗的，挑衅的e.g.Anaggressivecountryisalwaysreadytostartawar.一个好侵略的国家总是准备发动战争。Hismannerisslightlyaggressive.他的样子有点咄咄逼人。2)verydeterminedtosuccess有进取心的e.g.Asuccessfulbusinessmanhastobeaggressive.成功的企业家必须得有进取心。Wordfamily:aggressorn.攻击者，侵略者aggression n.攻击性行为，敌对心理While-readingWhile-reading：Words&PhrasesWords&Phrasesinfect/nfekt/1)vt.&vi.(受)传染putdiseaseintothebodyofe.g.Thefluvirusinfectedalmosttheentireclass.全班几乎人人都染上了流行性感冒病毒。Thespreadingdiseaseinfectedhereyes,andshebecameblind.她双目染疾,完全失明了。Wholesocietiesbecomeinfectedbythesevices.整个社会都被这些恶习所腐蚀。2)vt.影响makesbhavefeelingsofthesametypee.g.Thecaptainscourageinfectedhissoldiers.上尉的勇气感染了他的士兵。While-readingWhile-reading：Words&PhrasesWords&PhrasesWordfamily:infectedadj.(身体部位)受感染的；(食品，水等）受细菌污染的；（计算机）受病毒感染的e.g.Cleanthewoundsoitdoesntgetinfected.清洗伤口以免感染。infectious adj.(疾病)传染性的；(情感或笑声)有感染力的e.g.Fluishighlyinfectious.流感传染性很强。aninfectioussmile/infectiousenthusiam有感染力的微笑，热情While-readingWhile-reading：Words&PhrasesWords&Phrasescontagious/knteds/adj.1)adiseasecanbepassedfrompersontopersonbytouch(疾病)接触传染的e.g.Measlesishighlycontagious.麻疹很容易通过接触传染。2)a person has a disease that can be passed to anotherpersonbytouch 患接触传染病的e.g.Peoplewithcontagiousdiseasesshouldbeisolated.传染病患者应予以隔离。3)afeeling,attitude,oractionaffectpeople（感情、态度、行动）富于感染力的e.g.Nothingissocontagiousasenthusiasm.热情是最富有感染力的。While-readingWhile-reading：Words&PhrasesWords&Phrasesmoan/mn/n.&v.呻吟；抱怨e.g.1.Fromtimetotimetherewasamoanofpainfromthesickman.病人不时发出一声声痛苦的呻吟。2.Theprisonermoanedaprayerforhelp.囚犯呻吟着祈求帮助。3.Thewindmoanedthroughthetrees.风呜咽着穿过树林。4Shesalwaysmoaningthatshehastoomuchworktodo.她总是抱怨她有太多的事要做。While-readingWhile-reading：Words&PhrasesWords&Phrasesmeltdown/meltdan/n.熔毁,灾难；(经济)崩溃,(价格)暴跌e.g.Expertshavenotruledoutthepossibilityofacompletemeltdown.专家们还没有排除反应炉核心完全熔毁的可能性。Thestockmarketcrashmightleadtofinancialmeltdown.证券市场狂跌可能会引发金融灾难。Thecu