1、TP53及相关临床病理特征与/期结直肠癌的生存预后分析黄莉锋,黄健,范玉芳,陈月苗,姜威,包迎红,蔡小平温州市中心医院肿瘤内一科浙江温州325000摘要目的分析TP53及相关临床病理特征与/期结直肠癌生存预后的关系。方法回顾性分析2021年4月至2023年2月温州市中心医院收治的57例/期结直肠癌患者的临床资料。分析/期结直肠癌患者的临床病理特征,比较不同TP53状态与/期结直肠癌临床病理特征的关系,采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,Log-rank检验进行/期结直肠癌患者的生存分析,采用Cox比例风险回归模型进行/期结直肠癌患者预后的影响因素分析。结果57例/期结直肠癌患者中,初始
2、CEA水平10 g/L的患者有43例(75.4%),初始CEA水平0.05),TP53突变组的初始CEA水平10 g/L的患者比例高于无突变组(P0.05)。本研究随访截止至2023年2月,中位随访时间为10.6(3.521.5)个月,无失访患者。TP53突变组与无突变组根治术后初次复发转移的中位时间分别为8.9(95%CI为7.25510.545)个月和13.5(95%CI为11.14815.852)个月,无病生存率分别为33.3%和61.1%(P=0.032)。单因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析显示,TNM分期、TP53状态、化疗疗程与/期结直肠癌患者术后复发转移相关(均P0.05)。多因素
3、Cox比例风险回归模型分析显示,TNM分期为期、TP53突变、术后不足疗程化疗是/期结直肠癌患者术后复发转移的独立危险因素。结论TNM分期为期、TP53突变、术后不足疗程化疗是/期结直肠癌患者术后复发转移的独立危险因素,TP53可能是/期结直肠癌术后复发转移的潜在预测因子。关键词/期结直肠癌;TP53;临床病理特征;生存预后DOI:10.19668/ki.issn1674-0491.2023.03.006中图分类号:R735.3文献标志码:AThe relationship betweenTP53and clinicopathological characteristics and their
4、 impact on the survival prognosis of patients with stage/colorectal cancerHuang Lifeng,Huang Jian,Fan Yufang,Chen Yuemiao,Jiang Wei,Bao Yinghong,Cai XiaopingDepartment of Oncology,Wenzhou Central Hospital,Wenzhou 325000,Zhejiang,ChinaAbstract ObjectivesTo investigateTP53and clinicopathological chara
5、cteristics on the survival prognosis of patients withstage/colorectal cancer.MethodsThe clinical data of 57 patients with stage/colorectal cancer who were admitted toWenzhou Central Hospital from April 2021 to February 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical and pathological characteristics
6、of patients with stage/colorectal cancer were analyzed.The relationship between differentTP53statuses and the clinical and pathological characteristics of stage/colorectal cancer was compared.The survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method,and the Log-rank test was used for survival a
7、nalysis of stage/colorectal cancer patients.The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing the prognosis of patients with stage/colorectal cancer.Results Among the 57 patients with stage/colorectal cancer,43(75.4%)had an initial CEA level 10 g/L,and 14(24.6
8、%)had an initial CEA level 0.05).However,the proportion ofpatients with an initial CEA level 10 g/L in theTP53mutation group was higher than in the non-mutation group(P0.05).The study had a follow-up period until February 2023,with a median follow-up time of 10.6(3.5-21.5)months.There was noloss to
9、follow-up for any of the patients.The median time to initial recurrence and metastasis after curative surgery was 8.9(95%CI7.255-10.545)months for theTP53mutation group and 13.5(95%CI11.148-15.852)months for the non-mutationgroup.The disease-free survival rates were 33.3%and 61.1%(P=0.032)for theTP5
10、3mutation and non-mutation groups,respectively.Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that TNM stage,TP53status,and chemotherapy durationwere associated with postoperative recurrence and metastasis in stage/colorectal cancer patients(P18岁;(2)初诊为期高危或期结直肠腺癌并接受根治性手术;(3)术后接受辅助化疗;
11、(4)术后发生肿瘤转移;(5)临床资料完整。排除标准:(1)术前接受过放化疗的患者;(2)术后辅助化疗方案非XELOX或FOLFOX的患者;(3)合并其他恶性肿瘤;(4)合并严重心、肝、肾功能障碍。1 1.3 3研究方法研究方法(1)收集患者的临床资料,包括性别、年龄、初始癌胚抗原(carcino embryonic antigen,CEA)水平、肿瘤原发灶、TNM分期、TP53状态、肿瘤转移部位、术后辅助化疗方案、术后辅助化疗疗程。(2)随访情况。随访截至2023年2月,记录患者术后初次复发转移的时间,无病生存时间为结直肠癌根治术后至初次复发转移的时间。1 1.4 4观察指标观察指标(1)分
12、析57例/期结直肠癌患者的临床病理特征。(2)比较不同TP53状态与/期结直肠癌临床病理特征的关系。(3)/期结直肠癌患者的生存分析。(4)/期结直肠癌患者预后的影响因素分析。1 1.5 5统计学方法统计学方法使用SPSS 26.0统计软件对数据进行处理。计量黄莉锋等:TP53及相关临床病理特征与/期结直肠癌的生存预后分析228资料以(x s)表示,计数资料以n(%)表示,比较采用2检验。采用 Kaplan-Meier 法描绘生存曲线,Cox比例风险回归模型进行单因素和多因素预后分析。以P0.05为差异有统计学意义。2结果2 2.1 15757例例/期结直肠癌患者的临床病理特征分析期结直肠癌患
13、者的临床病理特征分析57 例/期结直肠癌患者中,男性 36 例(63.2%),女性 21 例(36.8%);年龄60 岁的患者有 33 例(57.9%),年 龄 60 岁 的 患 者 有 24 例(42.1%);初始 CEA 水平10 g/L 的患者有 43 例(75.4%),初始 CEA 水平0.05),TP53突变组的初始CEA水平10 g/L的患者比例高于无突变组(P0.05)。见表2。临床病理特征期TP53状态突变无突变肿瘤转移部位肝脏肺淋巴结合并肝脏和肺合并肝脏和淋巴结合并肺和淋巴结辅助化疗方案XELOXFOLFOX化疗疗程足疗程不足疗程数据39(68.4)21(36.8)36(63
14、.2)32(56.1)9(15.7)12(21.1)2(3.5)1(1.8)1(1.8)41(71.9)16(28.1)39(68.4)18(31.6)表表1 1(续续)n(%)临床病理特征性别男性女性年龄60岁60岁初始CEA水平10 g/L10 g/L肿瘤原发灶右半结肠左半结肠直肠TNM分期期数据36(63.2)21(36.8)33(57.9)24(42.1)43(75.4)14(24.6)15(26.3)21(36.8)21(36.8)18(31.6)表表1 15757例例/期结直肠癌患者的临床病理特征分析期结直肠癌患者的临床病理特征分析临床病理特征性别男性女性年龄60岁60岁初始CEA
15、水平10 g/L10 g/L肿瘤原发灶右半结肠TP53状态突变15(71.4)6(28.6)13(61.9)8(38.1)19(90.1)2(9.9)6(28.6)无突变21(58.3)15(41.7)20(55.6)16(44.4)24(66.7)12(33.3)9(25.0)20.9770.2194.0581.008P0.3220.6390.0440.604表表2 2TPTP5353突变组与无突变组突变组与无突变组/期结直肠癌患者的临床期结直肠癌患者的临床病理特征比较病理特征比较n(%)结直肠肛门外科 2023年6月 第29卷 第3期2292 2.3 3/期结直肠癌患者的生存分析期结直肠癌
16、患者的生存分析本研究随访截至2023年2月,中位随访时间为10.6(3.521.5)个月,无失访患者。TP53突变组与无突变组根治术后初次复发转移的中位时间分别为8.9(95%CI为7.25510.545)个月和13.5(95%CI为11.14815.852)个月,无病生存率分别为 33.3%和61.1%(P=0.032),见图1。2 2.4 4/期结直肠癌患者预后的影响因素分析期结直肠癌患者预后的影响因素分析将性别、年龄、初始CEA水平、肿瘤原发灶、TNM分期、TP53状态、术后辅助化疗方案、化疗疗程纳入单因素Cox比例风险回归模型进行分析,结果显示TNM分期、TP53状态、化疗疗程与/期结
17、直肠癌患者术后复发转移相关(均P0.05)。进一步的多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析显示,TNM分期为期、TP53突变、术后不足疗程化疗是/期结直肠癌患者术后复发转移的独立危险因素。见表3。临床病理特征左半结肠直肠TNM分期期期肿瘤转移部位肝脏肺淋巴结肝脏和肺肝脏和淋巴结肺和淋巴结TP53状态突变6(28.6)9(42.8)6(28.6)15(71.4)13(61.9)2(9.5)2(9.5)2(9.5)1(4.8)1(4.8)无突变15(41.7)12(33.3)12(33.3)24(66.7)19(52.8)7(19.4)10(27.8)00020.1399.980P0.7090.052表
18、表2 2(续续)图图1 1生存曲线生存曲线表表3 3/期结直肠癌患者预后的影响因素分析期结直肠癌患者预后的影响因素分析临床病理特征性别男性女性年龄60岁60岁初始CEA水平10 g/L10 g/L肿瘤原发灶右半结肠左半结肠直肠TNM分期期期单因素分析HR(95%CI)1(ref)1.114(0.6431.931)1(ref)1.014(0.5931.733)1(ref)1.307(0.7022.435)1(ref)1.145(0.5822.252)1.082(0.5802.016)1(ref)0.418(0.2310.755)P0.7010.9610.3990.6950.8050.004多因素
19、分析HR(95%CI)/1(ref)0.218(0.1030.463)P/0.001010203040050100无病生存时间(月)无病生存率(%)TP53突变(n=21)TP53无突变(n=36)P=0.032黄莉锋等:TP53及相关临床病理特征与/期结直肠癌的生存预后分析230临床病理特征TP53状态突变无突变化疗方案XELOXFOLFOX化疗疗程不足疗程足疗程单因素分析HR(95%CI)1(ref)0.553(0.3180.962)1(ref)0.896(0.4841.661)1(ref)0.427(0.2370.767)P0.0360.7280.004多因素分析HR(95%CI)1(r
20、ef)0.308(0.1590.594)/1(ref)0.218(0.1030.463)P0.001/0.001表表3 3(续续)3讨论结直肠癌是多种因素共同作用的结果。目前,结直肠癌患者越来越年轻化,这与饮食、遗传、息肉病变、慢性炎症等密切相关8。本研究结果发现,60岁的/期结直肠癌患者占42.1%,表明结直肠癌不再是一种老年性疾病。Bhullar等9研究结果显示,结直肠癌常见的转移部位包括肝脏(50%60%)、淋巴结(35%40%)、肺(10%30%)和腹膜(5%20%)。本研究纳入的57例/期结直肠癌患者中,最常见的转移部位为肝脏,其次是淋巴结和肺,无腹膜转移的患者。Pugh等10的一项
21、回顾性研究发现,肿瘤原发灶位置与复发转移有明显相关性(P=0.023),原发灶在直肠最容易发生复发转移,左半结肠次之,右半结肠发生复发转移的概率最低,本研究结果与该研究结果相似,肿瘤原发灶在直肠和左半结肠并复发转移的患者均为21例,右半结肠15例。此外,本研究患者的术后辅助化疗方案以 XELOX 为主(71.9%),这与CSCO指南推荐XELOX作为非转移性结直肠癌术后首选辅助化疗方案相符。CEA是一种由癌细胞产生的蛋白聚糖复合物,在消化系统肿瘤中广泛存在,被认为是预测结直肠癌发病风险的指标11,也是指南推荐用于结直肠癌动态监测的重要指标,具有重要的预后价值12。Baqar等13研究发现,结直
22、肠癌患者术前高CEA水平组的5年总生存期(overall survival,OS)短于低 CEA 水平组,CEA5 ng/mL是复发的独立预测因子,与较高的死亡风险(HR=1.79,95%CI为 1.003.19,P=0.046)相关。Luo等14研究发现,非编码RNA LINC02560高表达为结直肠癌的不良预后因素,亚组分析表明高CEA水平组和TP53突变组的LINC02560表达水平更高,但他们并未进一步研究CEA水平与TP53的关系。本研究结果显示,TP53突变的/期结直肠癌患者初始CEA水平高于TP53无突变的患者(P=0.044),两者之间的内在联系有待进一步深入研究。TP53突变
23、是人类恶性肿瘤中最常见的基因突变4。越来越多的证据表明,TP53突变与恶性肿瘤的不良预后相关15-17。然而,TP53基因在结直肠癌预后中的作用尚不明确。Kim等18的研究发现,突变型TP53基因的结直肠癌患者的预后与野生型TP53患者相似。然而,Peng等19的研究发现,伴TP53突变的结直肠癌患者的预后更差。Hassin等20对TP53的突变位点进行了深入研究,发现R175位点突变的结直肠癌患者比R273位点突变的结直肠癌患者更容易发生转移,生存率更低。本研究的终点为/期结直肠癌患者术后初次复发转移时间,生存分析结果显示TP53突变的患者比TP53无突变的患者更早出现复发转移(8.9 个月
24、 vs.13.5 个月),无病生存率(disease-freesurvival,DFS)也更低(33.3%vs.61.1%)。此外,多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析显示,TP53突变是/期结直肠癌患者术后复发转移的独立危险因素。上述结果提示,TP53突变可能是/期结直肠癌不良预后的生物标志物,其对OS的影响需进一步跟踪随访。此外,TP53突变与结直肠癌的淋巴管侵犯相关21。淋巴管侵犯往往与结直肠癌的不良预后相关,且可作为指导根治术后辅助化疗持续时间的指标。Zhang等22发现伴有淋巴管侵犯的期结直肠癌患者辅助化疗68次的预后明显优于辅助化疗少于6次的结直肠肛门外科 2023年6月 第29卷 第
25、3期231患者(3 年 DFS,80.0%vs.64.9%,P=0.019;3 年OS,93.2%vs.76.3%,P=0.002)。本研究结果显示,术后不足疗程化疗是/期结直肠癌患者术后复发转移的独立危险因素。Kudose等23通过对期结直肠癌术后复发率进行统计发现,期患者术后复发风险明显高于期和期患者。另有研究24-25表明,期结直肠癌患者较期复发风险高,但多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析均显示期并非结直肠癌患者预后不良的独立危险因素。然而,Parent等26研究表明,部分期结直肠癌患者早期出现复发,且部分期患者预后较期患者差。本研究结果显示,TNM分期期是/期结直肠癌患者术后复发转移的独
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