低温反应体系.doc

低温反映体系
温度℃　 冷却浴
0 碎冰
-5 -> -20 冰/盐
-10.5 乙二醇/干冰
-12 环庚烷/干冰
-15 苯甲醇/干冰
-22 四氯乙烯/干冰
-22.8 四氯化碳/干冰
-25 1,3-二氯苯 /干冰
-29 邻二甲苯/干冰
-32 间甲苯胺/干冰
-41 乙腈/干冰
-42 吡啶/干冰
-47 间二甲苯/干冰
-56 正辛烷/干冰
-60 异丙醚/干冰
-77 丙酮/干冰
-77 乙酸丁酯/干冰
-83 丙胺/干冰
-83.6 乙酸乙酯/液氮
-89 正丁醇/液氮
-94 己烷/液氮
-94.6 丙酮/液氮
-95.1 甲苯/液氮
-98 甲醇/液氮
-100 乙醚/干冰
-104 环己烷/液氮
-116 乙醇/液氮
-116 乙醚/液氮
-131 正五烷/液氮
-160 异戊烷/液氮
-196 液氮

实验室低温反映浴（干冰或+溶剂）
溶剂, 低温, 干冰, 实验室
干冰与如下试剂混合成糊状可达旳低温:
13 o p-Xylene
12 o Dioxane
6 o Cyclohexane
5 o Benzene
2 o Formamide
-8.6 o Methyl salicylate
-9 o Hexane-2,5-dione
-10.5 o Ethylene glycol
-11.9 o tert-Amyl alcoho
-12 o Cycloheptane or methyl benzoate
-15 o Benzyl alcohol
-16.3 o n-Octanol
-18 o 1,2-Dichlorobenzene
-22 o Tetrachloroethylene
-22.4 o Butyl benzoate
-22.8 o Carbon tetrachloride
-24.5 o Diethyl sulfate
-25 o 1,3-Dichlorobenzene
-29 o o-Xylene or pentachloroethane
-30 o Bromobenzene
-32 o m-Toluidine
-32.6 o Dipropyl ketone
-38 o Thiophene
-41 o Acetonitrile
-42 o Pyridine or diethyl ketone
-44 o Cyclohexyl chloride
-45o Chlorobenzene
-47 o m-Xylene
-50 o Ethyl malonate or n-butylamine
-52 o Benzyl acetate or diethylcarbito
-55 o Diacetone
-56 o n-Octane
-60 o Di-isopropyl ether
-73 o Trichloroethylene or isopropyl acetate
-74 o o-Cymene or p-cymene
-77 o Butyl acetate
-79 o Isoamyl acetate
-83 o Propylamine
-83.6o Ethyl acetate
-86 o Methyl ethyl ketone
-89 o n-Butanol
-90 o Nitroethane
-91 o Heptane
-92 o n-Propyl acetate
-93 o 2-Nitropropane or cyclopentane
-94 o Ethyl benzene or hexane
-94.6 o Acetone
-95.1 o Toluene
-97 o Cumene
-98 o Methanol or methyl acetate
99 o Isobutyl acetate
-104 o Cyclohexene
-107 o Isooctane
-108 o 1-Nitropropane
-116 o Ethanol or diethyl ether
-117 o Isoamyl alcohol
-126 o Methylcyclohexane
-131 o n-Pentane
-160 o Isopentane

Some Useful Laboratory Cooling Mixtures

Mixture Mixture temperature (Centigrade)

p-Xylene/Liquid nitrogen 13
p-Dioxane/Liquid nitrogen 12
Cyclohexane/Liquid nitrogen 6
Benzene/Liquid nitrogen 5
Formamide/Liquid nitrogen 2
Aniline/Liquid nitrogen -6
Cycloheptane/Liquid nitrogen -12
Benzonitrile/Liquid nitrogen -13
Ethylene glycol/Dry ice -15
o-Dichlorobenzene/Liquid nitrogen -18
Tetrachloroetane/Liquid nitrogen -22
Carbon tetrachloride/Liquid nitrogen -23
Carbon tetrachloride/Dry ice -23
m-Dichlorobenzene/Liquid nitrogen -25
Nitromethane/Liquid nitrogen -29
o-Xylene/Liquid nitrogen -29
Bromobenzene/Liquid nitrogen -30
Iodobenzene/Liquid nitrogen -31
Thiophene/Liquid nitrogen -38
3-Heptanone/Dry ice -38
Acetonitrile/Liquid nitrogen -41
Pyridine/Liquid nitrogen -42
Acetonenitrile/Dry ice -42
Chlorobenzene/Liquid nitrogen -45
Cylcohexanone/Dry ice -46
m-Xylene/Liquid nitrogen -47
n-Butyl amine/Liquid nitrogen -50
Diethyl carbitol/Dry ice -52
n-Octane/Liquid nitrogen -56
Chloroform/Dry ice -61(-77)
Chloroform/Liquid nitrogen -63
Methyl iodide/Liquid nitrogen -66
Carbitol acetate/Dry ice -67
t-Butyl amine/Liquid nitrogen -68
Ethanol/Dry ice -72
Trichloroethylene/Liquid nitrogen -73
Butyl acetate/Liquid nitrogen -77
Acetone/Dry ice -78
Isopropanol/Dry ice -78
Isoamyl acetate/Liquid nitrogen -79
Acylonitrile/Liquid nitrogen -82
Sulfur dioxide/Dry ice -82
Ethyl acetate//Liquid nitrogen -84
Ethyl methyl ketone/Liquid nitrogen -86
Acrolein/Liquid nitrogen -88
Nitroethane/Liquid nitrogen -90
Heptane/Liquid nitrogen -91
Cyclopentane/Liquid nitrogen -93
Hexane/Liquid nitrogen -94
Toluene/Liquid nitrogen -95
Methanol/Liquid nitrogen -98
Diethyl ether/Dry ice -100
n-Propyl iodide/Liquid nitrogen -101
n-Butyl iodide/Liquid nitrogen -103
Cyclohexane/Liquid nitrogen -104
Isooctane/Liquid nitrogen -107
Ethyl iodide/Liquid nitrogen -109
Carbon disulfide/Liquid nitrogen -110
Butyl bromide/Liquid nitrogen -112
Ethyl bromide/Liquid nitrogen -119
Acetaldehyde/Liquid nitrogen -124
Methyl cyclohexane/Liquid nitrogen -126
n-Pentane/Liquid nitrogen -131
1,5-Hexadiene/Liquid nitrogen -141
Isopentane/Liquid nitrogen -160