定语从句总结课件公开课一等奖优质课大赛微课获奖课件.pptx

Unit4 EarthquakeGrammar第1页第1页Revision All the students are not here.Everything is not good.Both of them are not students.None of the students is here.Nothing is good.Neither of them is a student.第2页第2页定语从句定语从句TheAttributiveClause第3页第3页 带定语从句谚语：1.God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助之。2.He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后，谁笑最好。3.He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。第4页第4页定定语从句复从句复习1.定语从句类型限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句2.定语从句关系词关系代词 6个关系副词 3个有逗号隔开关系代词 that which who whom whose as关系副词 when where why第5页第5页1.定义定义：在复合句中修饰名词或代词从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词从句2.先行词先行词：被修饰名词被修饰名词,代词或整句话代词或整句话关系代词、关系副词关系代词、关系副词：3.引导定语从句词引导定语从句词关系代词：关系代词：关系副词：关系副词：when,where,why等等who,whom,whose,which,that,as等等定语从句相关概念定语从句相关概念TherewasanearthquakewhichhappenedinTangshanin1976.第6页第6页关系代词使用办法关系代词使用办法关系代词在从句中能够：关系代词在从句中能够：指人指人指物指物subject(主语主语)object(宾语宾语)attribute（定语）（定语）whomwhowhichthatwhose何时能够省略？何时能够省略？做宾语时能够省略做宾语时能够省略as第7页第7页1.Theman_cametoourschoolisMr.Wang.2.Thegirl_ImetisLucy.3.Achild_parentsaredeadiscalledTom.4.Ilikethebook_youboughtyesterday.5.Weshallneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.6.Iliketheperson_youjusttalked.7.Ihavearoom_windowfacessouth.who,thatwhom,that,who,/whosethat,which,/that,which,/towhomwhose第8页第8页 He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.定语从句中省略：注意1）关系词whom/which/that作宾语时，普通能够省略。2）关系词前有介词并且关系词在定语从句中做宾语（表语）时，指人时用whom，指物时用which,并且不能省略。第9页第9页3._isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.As难点一：难点一：as使用办法使用办法asthatwhich1.Itissuchabigstone_nobodycanlift.2.Itissuchabigstone_nobodycanliftit.asthat归纳：归纳：asas引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被引导限制性定语从句先行词前常被such,the same,such,the same,so,as so,as 修饰，修饰，即构成即构成suchsuchas,the same as,the same as,as,sosoas,as,结构，结构，asas在定语从句中应充当成份如：主语、在定语从句中应充当成份如：主语、宾语或表语。宾语或表语。第10页第10页注意注意as as 与与whichwhich引导引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容都能指代整句内容，The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all,the earth is round.which/as As第11页第11页一、一、that和和which使用办法区别使用办法区别(1)先行词为先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代词时。等不定代词时。Iamsureshehassomething_youcanborrow.(2)先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等等修饰时。修饰时。Ivereadallthebooks_youlendme.1、只能用、只能用that不用不用which情况情况(that)thatDoyouhaveanything_youdontunderstand?(that)Pleasesendusanyinformation_youhaveaboutthesubject.that第12页第12页(3)先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或或最高级最高级修饰时。修饰时。Thisisthefirstbook_hehasread.(that)Itisthemostbeautifulcity_Iveeverseen.that(4)先行词被先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰修饰时。时。Thisistheverybook_belongstohim.thatHeistheonlyperson_waspresentatthetime.that第13页第13页(6)先行词是先行词是who或或which引导主句。引导主句。Whoisthegirl_drovethecar?(7)主句以主句以therebe引导时。引导时。Therearemorethan400,000people_diedorwereinjuredintheearthquake.(5)先行词先行词既有些人又有物既有些人又有物时。时。Thefamouswriterandhisworks_theradiobroadcastarepopulartothestudents.thatthatthat第14页第14页(1)关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语介词作宾语（介词提前）。（介词提前）。There are many trees _ they can have a rest.This is the ring _ she spent 1000 dollars.2、只用、只用which不用不用that情况情况(2)在非限制性定语从句中。在非限制性定语从句中。Football,_ is a very popular game,is played all over the world.underwhichonwhichwhich第15页第15页二、只用whowho情况One _ has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.The ones _ laugh at the disabled are not good students.Anyone _ fails to finish the task should be punished.Those _ want to go to The Great Wall sigh up here.whowhowhowho第16页第16页先行词是one,ones,anyone,everyone,one,ones,anyone,everyone,thosethose，hehe等时用who.who.1.先行词是these,those指人时，关系代词只用who.Those who are playing over there are my students.2.先行词是人称代词(he,she)时，关系代词只用who.He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.3.不定代词someone,anyone,everyone,no one,somebody,anybody,everybody作先行词时，关系代词用who.Anybody who breaks the rules would be punished.第17页第17页3.表所有关系及整体中一部分或所有时，用介词of,有时可用whose转换。1)Im painting a house,the roof _ isround.Im painting a house _ is round.2)They live in a house,_ windows facesouth.They live in a house,the windows_ face south.of whichwhoseof whichwhose roof第18页第18页One,some,any,none,all,both,several,many,most,neither,either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。He has five children,two of whom are abroad.(比较：He has five children,and two of them are abroad.)We have three books,none of which is/are interesting.(比较：We have three books,but none of them is/are interesting.)第19页第19页找正确关系词办法：瞻前顾后瞻前：先看先行词是人还是物。顾后：看关系词在后面定语从句中所做成份。关系代词&关系副词选择 假如充当是名词性成份，使用关系代词；假如充当是状语成份，使用关系副词。考点一考点一:如何鉴定用关系代词还是用关系副词如何鉴定用关系代词还是用关系副词第20页第20页1.Illneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.2.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.3.IwenttotheplaceIworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_hegave.when(which/that)where(which/that)why(that/which)几种易混情况几种易混情况及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词inwhichinwhichforwhich第21页第21页1.IvecometothepointwhereIcantstandhim.我已经到了无法容忍他地步了。我已经到了无法容忍他地步了。where引导定语从句先行词大多数情况下是引导定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点名词，但也有特殊情况。表示地点名词，但也有特殊情况。难点二：一些特殊词之后难点二：一些特殊词之后where解析：解析：假如定语从句分别修饰假如定语从句分别修饰point,situation,part,condition和和case等表示抽象意义词，惯用等表示抽象意义词，惯用where引导，引导，意思是意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。第22页第22页介词选取原则介词选取原则1)依据定语从句中依据定语从句中谓语动词谓语动词习惯搭习惯搭 配配来决定。如：来决定。如：Thisisthecamera_Ispent6yuan.Thisisthecamera_Ipaid6 yuan.spendmoneyonsth.为固定搭配为固定搭配paymoneyforsth.为固定搭配为固定搭配onwhichforwhich第23页第23页2)依据依据先行词先行词搭配习惯搭配习惯来决定。来决定。如：如：Iremembertheday_Icametomytowerofivory.Irememberthedays_IvisitedParis.强调在详细某一天要用介词强调在详细某一天要用介词on强调在某几天时间内要用介词强调在某几天时间内要用介词duringonwhichduringwhich第24页第24页3)依据从句中依据从句中动词与先行词动词与先行词逻辑关系逻辑关系。Isthatthenewspaper_youoftenwritearticles?forwhich第25页第25页介词介词+关系代词情况关系代词情况 1The man whom you spoke was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.toin第26页第26页介词介词+关系代词情况关系代词情况 2The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toin第27页第27页介词介词+关系代词情况关系代词情况 3The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toin 可见可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后不能用与介词之后 第28页第28页介词介词+关系代词情况关系代词情况 4 Is this the watch that you are looking for?T he old man whom I am looking after is better.在固定短语中介词不能提前在固定短语中介词不能提前固定动词短语（动词固定动词短语（动词+介词）如介词）如lookfor,takecareof等不能把动词与介词拆开，既介词不能提至引导词等不能把动词与介词拆开，既介词不能提至引导词前。前。第29页第29页1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,standsourteacher.7.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_istheYellowRiver.8.Thetower_peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman_Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_hadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.onwhichforwhichfromwhichaboutwhichthroughwhichunderwhichofwhichfromwhichtowhomofwhich介词介词+关系代词情况关系代词情况 练习练习第30页第30页wherethat1.Thisisthelibrary_Iborrowedthebook.2.Itisfromthislibrary_Iborrowedthebook.where定语从句定语从句that强调句型强调句型综合考察一：综合考察一：定语从句与强调句定语从句与强调句3.-WheredidyoulastseeMr.Smith?-Itwasinthehotel_Ilived.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when难点三难点三.综合考察综合考察 近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等综合考察越来越多，这就要求名词性从句和状语从句等综合考察越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实基础知识和较强综合分析能力。考生有扎实基础知识和较强综合分析能力。第31页第31页综合考察二：综合考察二：定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与同位语从句1.Weallhaveheardthenews_ourteamwon.2.Wedontbelieveinthenews_hetoldusyesterday.thatthat/which/that/which第32页第32页综合考察三：定语从句与并列句it/themit/them与which/whomwhich/whom1.There are 50 students in our class,20 of _ are girls.2.There are 50 students in our class,and 20 of _ are girls.whomwhomthemthem第33页第33页四.定语从句中主谓一致Dont choose me,who_ not fit for this job.第34页第34页先行词是the only one of+可数名词复数，在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中谓语用单数形（由于此时先行词是the only one,而不是of 后可数名词复数）He is the only one of the boys that likes playing the piano.This is the only one of the books that is borrowed.先行词是one of+可数名词复数，在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中谓语用复数形式（由于此时先行词是of 后可数名词复数,而不是one）This is one of the students who are late.第35页第35页第36页第36页