2021年成考专升本英语试题及答案解析.doc

成人高等学校招生全国统一考试专升本英语第一卷（选取题，共125分）I . Phonetics (5 points)Directions：In each of the following groups of words，there are four underlined letters or letter combinations marked A，B，C and D. Compare the underlined parts and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation. Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1. A. grandB. gravityC. gratitudeD. grateful2. A. theaterB. threat C. thread D. treasure3. A. laughB. weigh C. toughD. rough4. A. guiltB. buildC. guideD. guitar5. A. lambB. bombingC. combD. ambitionII. Vocabulary and Structure (15 points)Directions：There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.6Have you ever played bridge?Yes. We_ on weekends when I was in college.A. would have playedB. should have playedC. used to playD. had played7. Would you please let me finish my words?Dont _ in the middle of a sentence.A. put me offB. cut me offC. keep me offD. get me off8. A newspaper headline concerning new energy development _his attention and he was much interested in making investment in it. A. gave B. caught C. turned D. paid 9.Their experiment_，Tom and Mary set out to write the report on the results. A. doneB. to be done C. being doneD. will be done 10. After the party，we had to tidy up the kitchen，which was a (n)_mess. A. exactB. entireC. definiteD. complete 11. In the first semester，I asked my teacher_.A. what courses should I take B. what courses I should take C. I should take what courses D. should I take what courses 12. There are _ fewer custom tailors and dressmakers in the U. S. than in European countries. A. soB. veryC. farD. too13. You mustnt go unless either your father or I _with you. A. comeB. comesC. cameD. has come 14. In our view，the root _of the crime problem is poverty and unemployment. A. solution B. reasonC. causeD. fact 15.I didnt go to class last night because my car broke down. You_ mine. I wasnt using it. A. could borrowB. may borrow C. could have borrowed D. may have borrowed 16. Nelson is a creative liar who is always making_ unusual excuses for not doing his work. A. acrossB. awayC. offD. up 17. They demanded that the government _all political prisoners in the next two days. A. freeB. freedC. will freeD. would free 18. Since you feel so strongly about this matter，you should make your views _to other committee members. A. knowB. knowingC. being knownD. known 19._I could say anything more， Holmes had rushed off towards the door. A. Before B. AfterC. WhenD. As 20. There arent many wild pandas _in the world today. A. liveB. livingC. to liveD. lived III. Cloze (30 points)Directions：For each blank in the following passage，there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Scientists have been struggling to find out the reason behind blushing (脸红). Why would humans evolve(进化) a 21 that puts us at a social disadvantage by 22 us to reveal that we have cheated or lied?Charles Darwin pointed out that 23 all people of all races blush，animals do not. When it came to explaining the reason，he was 24 a loss. That has not stopped others from trying.One 25 is that blushing started out as a way to show we obey authoritative members of the group. Later，as our social interactions became 26 complex，it became involved with higher，self-conscious 27 such as guilt，shame and embarrassment. This would seem to put individuals at a disadvantage，but blushing might actually make a person more 28 or socially desirable. 29 that women blush more than men，one university researcher suggests that blushing might have evolved as a way for women to 30 their honesty to men so as to win their support in raising children. Some zoologists also think blushing could have emerged as a way to foster trust. If you were to go hunting 31 a stone-faced partner，you could never 32 what he wants. “he says. Once blushing became 33 with embarrassment，anyone who did not blush might have been at a disadvantage because we are 34 likely to trust someone who appears never to feel 35 about anything.21. A. response B. reply C. reflection D. recall22. A. forbidding B. forcing C. encouraging D. preventing23. A. whenB. while C. since D. because24. A. on B. in C. at D. of25. A. suggestion B. adviceC. solutionD. question26. A. apparentlyB. completelyC. awkwardlyD. increasingly27. A. moodsB. sensesC. emotionsD. tempers28. A. privilegedB. embarrassedC. energeticD. attractive29. A. NotingB. ProvidingC. AssumingD. Hoping30. A. assureB. approve C. confirmD. demonstrate31. A. forB. withC. byD. as32. A. sayB. speakC. tellD. talk33. A. unitedB. relatedC. contactedD. associated34. A. moreB. thatC. lessD. so35. A. ashamedB. disappointed C. satisfied D. pleasedIV. Reading Comprehension (60 points)Directions：There are five reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by four questions. For each question there are four suggested answers marked A，B，C and D. Choose one best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneJune came and the hay(干草) was almost ready for cutting. On Midsummers Eve，which was a Saturday，Mr. Jones went into Willington and got so drunk at the Red Lion that he did not come back until midday on Sunday. His men had milked the cows in the early morning and then had gone out chatting without bothering to feed the animals. When Mr. Jones got back，he immediately went to sleep on the living-room sofa with the News of the World over his face. When evening came，the animals were still not fed. At last，they could stand no longer. One of the cows broke into the door of the storehouse with her horns and all the animals began to help themselves to the grains.It was just then that Mr. Jones woke up. The next moment he and his four men were in the storehouse with whips in their hands， whipping in all directions. This was more than the hungry animals would bear. Together，though nothing of the kind had been planned beforehand，they jumped upon their masters. Mr. Jones and his men suddenly found themselves being struck with the horns and kicked from all sides. The situation was quite out of their control. They had never seen these animals act like this before. This sudden rebellion of the creatures，which they were used to beating and whipping just as they chose，frightened them. After only a moment or two， they gave up trying to defend themselves. A minute later all five of them were in full fright down the road with the animals running after them joyfully. 36. The four men did not feed the cows because_. A. they had not cut the hay yetB. Mr. Jones wasnt at homeC. they did not have time to feed themD. the cows had fed themselves37. The cows broke into the storehouse because_.A. they did not like their mastersB. Mr. Jones forgot to lock the door C. they were kept in the cow-house too longD. they were too hungry to wait for the feed38. What did the five men finally do with the cows?A. They chased and drove the cows away.B. They continued beating the cows.C. They gave up defense and ran away.D. They gave in and fed the cows.39. We can learn from the passage that_.A. the cows often ran out to look for food B. the cows often had fights with their masters C. Mr. Jones and his men often beat the cows D. Mr. Jones and his men often forgot to feed the cows Passage TwoIt was sunrise on an August morning when the captain and his crew cast their nets some 50 miles south of Louisiana in the Gulf of Mexico. As the net was pulled over，the contents poured out followed by excited cries of Coins！Coins! The fishermen quickly realized they had realized a fishermans dream：sunken treasure！And not just any treasure，but early American silver dollars that had gone down 210 years earlier. In 1784，at the end of the American Revolutionary War，a heavily armed ship was bound for the port of New Orleans. On board was a fortune in Spanish Silver Dollars. Hundreds of thousands of them were loaded for the trip to New Orleans，yet not a single one arrived. With no survivors from the ill-fated voyage，historians can only guess at what happened. Some say powerful storms took her down while others speculate it was treasure-hungry pirates(海盗). Whatever happened，the secret-along with a treasure valued near $100，000,000 in today s dollars-was sent to a watery grave some 300 feet below the oceans surface. Spanish Silver Dollars were the favorite coins of colonial Americans. Widely used and accepted as payment in the thirteen colonies，the United States government gave them the status of official legal tender. Unfortunately，even though they were struck in large quantities，not many of them survive today. After the Civil War，the government withdrew them from circulation and they were melted down.Due to the historic discovery of this treasure，GovMint . com is releasing these coins to the public for an amazingly low price. For a limited time，those authentic silver dollars are priced at $49 plus shipping and handlinga dramatic reduction from the market price of this coin anywhere else worldwide.40. What surprised the fishermen on an August morning?A. Their net contained a big strange-looking fish.B. They found the treasure sunken 210 years ago.C. They found some pieces of a sunken ship in the net.D. Their net suddenly got caught by something deep in the water.41. What happened to the ship heading for New Orleans in 1784?A. Loaded with too much cargo，it hit on the rocks.B. Robbed by pirates ，it lost $100,000,000s worth of goods.C. It disappeared but nobody knew exactly what had happened.D. It was caught in a terrible storm and went down into the ocean.42. What do we know about Spanish Silver Dollars?A. Today one coin equals to 49 dollars in the world market. B. They were widely used in America after the Civil War.C. Issued in small amounts，not many of them survive.D. They were officially accepted in the 13 colonies.43. In which section of a magazine would you probably find this article?A. Sports. B. Housing. C. History. D. Fashion.Passage ThreeThe environment affects the way people interact. To examine this conclusion，two researchers decorated three rooms：One room was refurnished to look ugly. The second room was intended to look average. The third room was designed to be beautiful. Individuals were then asked to sit in one of the three rooms and rate several pictures of peoples faces. The results indicated that the environment has a significant effect on the way people rated the faces. Subjects in the beautiful room gave the pictures higher rates than did subjects in the ugly room. In addition，subjects in the ugly room found the task more unpleasant and boring than did subjects in the beautiful room. Subjects assigned to the ugly room attempted to leave sooner than did subjects assigned to the beautiful room.Color is one environmental factor that can affect your mood and even your ability to concentrate. One researcher concluded that the most pleasant colors，listed in order of preference，were blue，green，purple，red and yellow. The colors listed from most to least arousing were red，orange，yellow，violet，blue，and green.Lighting also affects behavior. Elegant restaurants with dim lighting create a mood of intimacy（密切）that encourages conversation. The bright lights of an office or classroom，on the other hand，arouse and stimulate thinking.Room decoration，color，lighting，and even music and temperature all influence communication with others；but there is no all-purpose environment. The ideal environment depends on the task that will be performed as well as on the needs and expectations of those present. The same environmental factors that encourage lively conversation and dancing at a New Years Eve party cannot be expected to create a serene climate in which to study for final exams.44. Paragraph 1 shows that subjects in the ugly room tend to be_.A. less patientB. less considerateC. more enthusiasticD. more confident45. Which color is the most helpful for keeping a good mood?A. Green.B. Blue.C. Orange.D. Red.46. What effect can dim lights of an eating environment bring about?A. Arousing active thinking.B. Improving work efficiency.C. Creating a tense atmosphere D. Stimulating talks among people.47. The underlined word serene in the last sentence is closest in meaning to_.A. serious and grave B. calm and peacefulC. pleasant and friendly D. cold and indifferentPassage FourThere is nothing more possible than a new hip or knee that can put the spring back in your step. Patients receiving joint implants(移植)often are able to resume many of the physical activities they love，even those as vigorous as tennis and hiking. No wonder，then，that joint replacement is growing in popularity.In the United States in ，surgeons performed about 806，000 hip and knee implants (the joints most commonly replaced)，double the number performed a decade earlier. Though these procedures have become routine，they are not failure free.Implants must sometimes be replaced，said Dr. Henrik Malchau ，an orthopaedic surgeon (矫形外科医生) at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. A study published in found that 7 percent of hips implanted in Medicare patients had to be replaced within seven and a half years.The percentage may sound low，but the finding suggests that thousands of hip patients eventually require a second operation，said Dr. Malchau. Those patients must endure additional recoveries，often painful，and increased medical expenses.The failure rate should be lower，many experts-agree. Sweden，for instance，has a failure rate estimated to be a third of that in the United States. Sweden also has a national joint replacement registry，a database of information from which surgeons can learn how and why certain procedures go wrong. A registry also helps surgeons learn quickly whether a specific type of implant is particularly problematic. Every country that has developed a registry has been able to reduce failure ratesSignificantly, said Dr. Daniel Berry，chief of orthopaedic surgery at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester，Minn.A newly formed American Joint Replacement Registry will begin gathering