英语形容词教学案.doc

中考形容词教学案形容词1. 熟练掌握形容词作定语、表语及宾语补足语的用法。2. 熟练掌握形容词比较级和最高级的规则变化形式。3. 熟练掌握形容词比较级和最高级的不规则变化形式。4. 掌握形容词little, ill, bad 等词的比较级、最高级不规则变化形式。5. 熟练掌握形容词比较等级的基本句型及基本用法。6. 初步掌握much, a little 等副词修饰形容词比较等级的用法。形容词主要用来说明或修饰名词或代词，描述名词或代词所代表的人或物的性质。中考对形容词的考查重点是比较级与最高级的用法，及在句中作表语、宾语补足语和修饰不定代词时的用法。考查形式为单选题、完形填空题、完成句子、同义句转化、改错等，分值约为2-3分。一、知识精讲（一）形容词的用法1. 作定语 作定语时放在被修饰名词之前。【例句】Our country is a beautiful country. She is a new student.2. 作表语 作表语时放在系动词之后。【例句】The fish went bad. The yellow coat is new.3. 作宾语补足语 作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。【例句】We keep our classroom clean and tidy. The students get everything ready for class.（二）形容词的比较等级构成1. 形容词比较等级的含义 形容词的比较等级分为原级、比较级和最高级。形容词原来的形式称为原级；在表示“较”和“最”时，分别称为形容词的比较级和最高级。2. 形容词比较等级的变化形式1) 规则变化构成法原级比较级最高级一般情况下，在词尾加-er, -est.talllongtallerlongertallestlongest以e结尾的单音节词只加-r, -stfinelargefinerlargerfinestlargest以“辅音+y”结尾的词，变y为i，再加-er, -estheavyeasyearlyhappybusyheaviereasierearlierhappierbusierheaviesteasiestearliesthappiestbusiest闭音节的单音节词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，须双写这个辅音字母，再加-er,-esthotbigfatthinwetredhotterbiggerfatterthinnerwetterredderhottestbiggestfattestthinnestwettestreddest部分双音节和多音节形容词，在该词前加more,mostimportantdifficultmore importantmore difficultmost important most difficult2) 不规则变化原级比较级最高级good好的well身体好的betterbestbad, ill 坏的worseworstmany, much 许多moremostlittle 少的lessleastfar 远的farther /furtherfarthest/furthestold 旧的，老的older /elderoldest/eldest注意：少数形容词的比较级和最高级有不同形式，其含义也不同。farfartherfarthest（指距离） farfurtherfurthest（指程度）oldeldereldest（主要表示兄弟姐妹之间的长幼关系）【例句】Its farther from my home to school. 从我家到学校路程较远。No further discussion is necessary. 没有必要再进一步的讨论。His eldest sister is a nurse. 他的大姐是个护士。状元典例1改错：She is my older sister.答案：正 She is my elder sister.思路分析：elder 和eldest是用来指家庭中兄弟姐妹的长幼关系，而older, oldest 则是指岁数大多少，如：She is three years older than I.状元典例2改错：Im tired. I cant go further.答案：正Im tired. I cant go farther.思路分析：far有两个比较级 farther 较远的，further 进一步的，如：Do you need any further explanation? 你需要进一步的解释吗?当然它也有两个最高级，即farthest和furthest.有些形容词没有比较等级。 例如： favourite 最喜欢的 wooden 木制的 right 正确的 wrong 错的（三）形容词比较等级的用法1. 原级的用法1) 原级的一般用法 无比较，是形容词最简单的表述。【例句】 These pears are yellow. The students are good. 两者相比（A=B），用“as +原形+as”表示。 【例句】He is as tall as his brother. 他和他哥哥一样高。 The book is as good as that one. 这本书和那本书一样好。状元典例 改错：The boy sat there as quiet as his sister.答案：正The boy sat there as quietly as his sister.思路分析：asas在使用时要注意的是：在其中间应加形容词或副词的原级，而不可加比较级，有的语法书中也称为同级比较。要根据句意决定在其中间是加形容词还是副词，这要看它具体是修饰动词还是名词而定，如：He is as good as his friend. 两者相比（AB），用“not as(so)+原形+as”表示。【例句】Her brother is not so clever as she. 她的兄弟不像她那么聪明。 It is not as difficult as I expected. 它并不如我所料想的那么难。2) 原级的特殊用法 表示倍数，“times as +原级+ as（是的几倍）”。【例句】Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲（的面积）是欧洲的四倍。 This is five times as long as that. 这个的长度是那个的五倍。 表示一半，“half as +原级+as【例句】 This garden is half as large as that one. 这个花园是那个的一半大。Water in this glass is not half as much as in that one.这个杯子的水不如那个杯子的一半多。表示“尽可能”，asas possible（尽可能的）。【例句】 We are as fast as possible. 我们尽可能的快。 She is as early as possible. 她尽可能的早。2. 比较级的用法 1) 两者或两部分之间的比较。 两者或两部分相比（AB），用“比较级+than”表示。【例句】I am taller than you. 我比你高。 Chinese is more difficult than English. 汉语比英语更难。状元典例改错：The girl is more cleverer than the boy.答案：正The girl is more clever (much cleverer) than the boy.思路分析：clever有两个比较级：cleverer和more clever,要注意的是不能用比较级来修饰比较级。clever的两个比较级也各有不同之处，如用于两种不同性质的比较时多用more clever,如：He is more clever than honest. (他的聪明要远远超过其诚实。) 2) 形容词比较级前可以用much, far, still, no, a little (bit), even, any, a great deal等状语来修饰。【例句】 Your school is a little (bit) bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的略大一点。 Chinese is much more difficult than English. 汉语比英语难学得多。状元典例 Look! Lin Yi is _ now than it used to be. A. quite beautiful B. the most beautiful C. very beautiful D. much more beautiful答案：D思路分析：本题考查的是多音节形容词比较级的用法。在题干中有明显的比较级提示词“than”， beautiful为多音节形容词，多音节形容词的比较级构成为“more+多音节形容词原级”，另外much多用于修饰形容词或副词的比较等级，故选择D。3) 比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越”。【例句】 Its warmer and warmer. 天气越来越暖和。 China is more and more beautiful. 中国越来越漂亮。4) be the +比较级+名词+ of the +名词或代词，表示“两个中比较的”。【例句】 He is the taller boy of the two boys. 他是两个男孩中较高的那个。 5) the+比较级，the+比较级，表示“越越”。【例句】The more, the better. 越多越好。 The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙越高兴。状元典例Our monitor takes more exercise every day, for he believes _ he does, _ hell be. A. the less; the stronger B. the more; the thinner C. the more; the stronger D. more; stronger答案：C思路分析：本题考查的是比较级的特殊用法。“the+比较级，the+比较级”意思是“越,就越”。本题所表达的意思是“我们班长每天都做很多锻炼，因为他坚信他做的锻炼越多就越强健”。A项意思是“越少就越强壮”， B项意思是“越多就越瘦”，D项为错误选项，故选择C。6) Which （Who）is +比较级，A or B? 表示“A或B哪个更些？”【例句】Which is better, this picture or that one? 这幅画和那幅画比，哪一幅更好一些？Who is busier, your mother or your father?你母亲和你父亲，谁更忙一些？3. 最高级的用法1) 含义为： 最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较， 形容词最高级前要加定冠词the，后面可以带of (in) 短语来说明比较的范围。句型为：“A +系动词+ the +形容词最高级 + of (in)”。【例句】She is the youngest of the three.她是三人中年龄最小的。This text is the most difficult in the book. 这篇课文是本书里最难的。2) one of the +最高级+ 名词复数，表示“是最的之一”。【例句】He is one of the best students in the class. 他是班级里最好的学生之一。 One of the most important languages is English. 英语是最重要的语言之一。状元典例 As we know, the Changjiang River is one of _rivers in the world. A. long B. longer C. the longest D. longest答案：C思路分析：本题考查的是形容词最高级的用法。句型“one of + the +形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最的之一”，由题干“one of .rivers”可判断用形容词最高级，故选择C。3) Which (Who) is the +最高级，A，B or C？表示三个以上的人或事物中“哪一个 最”。【例句】 Which is the easiest, English, Chinese or math? 英语，语文和数学，哪一个最容易？ Who is the most careful, Tom, John or Mary? 汤姆，约翰和玛丽，哪一个最认真？状元典例Which is the _ way to Qingdao, by plane, bus or train?A. good B. well C. better D. best答案：D思路分析：本题考查的是形容词最高级的用法。形容词最高级的基本句型之一是“Which (Who) +最高级, , or ?”，best为形容词good的最高级不规则变化，故选择D。4) 形容词的最高级可被序数词，by far等修饰，表示程度。【例句】The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China. 长江是中国第一大河。注意：原级、比较级和最高级三种方式都可以用来表示“最”。最高级 He is the tallest in his class.比较级 He is taller than any other student in his class.原级 No other student in his class is as tall as he.（四）几种带有形容词的常见句型1. 形容词+介词+名词或代词。【例句】She is not interested in music. 她对音乐不感兴趣。My brother is good at English. 我的弟弟擅长英语。2. It is / was +形容词+ of +名词或代词+不定式。 【例句】Its very kind of you to come to see me off. 你来为我送行，你太好了。It was stupid of her to make such a mistake. 她真笨,竟然犯下这样的错误。3. 形容词+不定式。有一些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式。【例句】Im sad to hear the bad news. 听到那个坏消息，我很伤心。 Im glad to see you again. 很高兴又见到你了。 He is afraid to make mistakes. 他怕犯错误。二、难点聚焦 1. 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,要放在不定代词后面。 【例句】I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film？ 状元典例 Is there _ in todays newspaper? Yes. 115 workers are saved by people in the coalmine(煤矿) accident. A. something special B. special something C. anything special D. special anything 答案：C 思路分析： 本题考查的是形容词修饰不定代词。形容词修饰不定代词时要放在不定代词的后面，题干为疑问句，则不定代词选用anything, 故选择C。2. 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。【例句】Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. You can take any box away, big or small. 3. the形容词表示一类人或物。【例句】 The rich should help the poor. 富人应该帮助穷人。 She looks after the sick carefully. 她细心照顾病人。4. 形容词用来修饰表示量度的词或短语时，形容词后置。【例句】 The room is five meters long and three meters wide. 这个房间长五米，宽三米。5. enough修饰形容词时，要放在形容词的后面。【例句】 He is old enough to go to school. 他够上学年龄了。状元典例1改错：It is enough late that we can go home now.答案：正It is late enough for us to go home now.思路分析：enough修饰形容词，要放在形容词的后面。还要注意的是，enough后面一般不接从句而接不定式，或不定式的复合结构，如for somebody to do something。状元典例2“Could I take your order now?” “Yes. One _ tea and two _ coffees.”A. black, white B. red, white C. black, green D. red, black答案：A思路分析：本题容易误选B或D。按汉语习惯，在“茶”前要加表示颜色的形容词通常应是“红”和“绿”，即说“红茶”和“绿茶”。但是在英语中，人们虽然可直接用 green tea来表示“绿茶”，但却不能直接用 red tea 来表示“红茶”，汉语中的“红茶”说成英语应是 black tea，所以第一空应填black，即选A或C。对于第二空，coffee 前通常使用的表示颜色的形容词是 white 和 black，其中 white coffee 指“牛奶咖啡”(因牛奶呈白色)，black coffee 指“没有加牛奶的咖啡”（即纯咖啡或清咖啡），由此可知上题的最佳答案应是A。状元典例3改错：Dont afraid of that.答案：正Dont be afraid of that.思路分析：afraid 在英文中是形容词而不是动词。这样的短语还有：be afraid of 害怕 be careful of 小心be certain of 有把握，确定 be sure of 确信be glad of 高兴 be sick of 厌恶be fond of 喜欢三、状元笔记1. 几组易混淆词的辨析（1）already，yet，stillalready一般用于肯定句，也可用于预料能得到肯定回答的疑问句中，表示某事已发生；yet一般用于否定句或疑问句中且位于句末，意为“还，已经”；still一般用于肯定句中，也可用于疑问句，意为“仍然，还”。【例句】I have already read the book.We havent made speeches yet.Is my skirt dry yet? I still hope to get some advice from you on my studies.状元典例改错：We are yet in the classroom now.答案：正We are already in the classroom now.思路分析：already多用于肯定句，而yet多用于否定句和疑问句中，如：Did you finish it? No. not yet.（2） too，also，as well，either前三者意思相近，一般不用于否定句中，否定句中用either。too常位于句末，有时也紧接在主语后面；also一般用于肯定句和疑问句中，位于be动词、情态动词、助动词之后，实义动词之前；as well一般位于句末；either一般也位于句末。【例句】They grow cotton too.He is also interested in computers.He is a teacher and a poet as well.You didnt go and she didnt go either.状元典例改错：He didnt go to the cinema yesterday, and I didnt go, too.答案：正He didnt go to the cinema yesterday and I didnt go either.思路分析：英语中表示“也”的有4个词：also, as well, too, either，但either用于否定句中，而前3个用于肯定句中。在肯定句中，too与as well一般要用在句尾，而also则可用于句中。如：She went to the party and her boy friend went there too. 又如： Ive also read her other novels.（3）fairly，rather，quiteA. 三者都可以修饰形容词和副词，都有“相当”的意思，但fairly词义最弱，quite稍强，rather最强。fairly一般表示肯定、褒义，rather有时表示否定、贬义。【例句】It is fairly cool today.It is rather cold today.B. quite和rather可以修饰动词，而fairly不能。【例句】I dont quite understand what you said.I rather like the song.（4）so，neither，norso可用在“so+助动词+主语”的倒装结构中，表示“也”，位置在助动词前，so的这种用法只能出现在肯定句里；在否定句中则用neither或nor，它们的结构相同，表示“也不”。【例句】He has seen the film. So have I .Jim doesnt like the novel. Neither (Nor) does Linda.（5）ago, beforeA. “时间段+ago”表示从现在起往前推算的“一段时间以前”，而“时间段+before”表示从过去某时刻再往前推算的“一段时间以前”。因此，前者常与一般过去时连用，后者常与过去完成时连用。【例句】He bought a violin a week ago. From his letter I knew that he had bought a violin a week beforeB. before可表示不确定的过去，而ago则不能。【例句】Have you been there before?状元典例改错：I had met an old friend three days ago.答案：正I had met an old friend three days before.正I met an old friend three days ago.思路分析：ago 用在时间状语中时，主句中谓语动词一般用过去时；而before用于时间状语时则主句的谓语动词宜用完成时态。2. 以-ing结尾的形容词和以-ed结尾的形容词的区别：-ing形容词-ed形容词例句interesting有趣的 interested感兴趣的Its an interesting film.I am interested in English.exciting令人兴奋的excited感到兴奋的Have you heard the exciting news?We are excited about the result.moving令人感动的moved受感动的Titanic is a moving film.We were moved by his words.tiring使人疲倦的tired感到疲倦的The speech is tiring.Are you tired of it?表示主动的意思，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰事物。表示被动的意思，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人。He is interested in the interesting film.二、英语书面表达专项训练2书面表达为了配合“足球进校园”活动，你们班开展了一次主题班会。请你以足球迷的身份，根据下列表格中的要点提示，用英语向同学们介绍足球这项运动并谈谈自己的梦想。常 识历史悠久，深受喜爱世界杯4年举行一次好 处男生女生皆可参加利于培养团队精神考生自拟(至少1点)偶 像梅西，有足球天赋梦 想考生自拟(至少1点)注意：1. 词数90左右。短文的开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；1.短文须包括所有要点，不要逐词翻译，可适当发挥，使短文连贯、通顺；2.短文中不得真实的人名、校名等相关信息。参考词汇：梅西 MessiDear classmates,Im very excited to hear that China will build 20,000 football-themed schools by 2020. Thank you for your attention.【答案】Dear classmates，Im very excited to hear that China will build 20，000 football-themed schools by 2020Football has a very long historyIt is liked by people all over the worldThe World Cup takes place every four yearsPlaying football has lots of advantagesFirst，both boys and girls can take part in itSecond，it helps develop team spiritWhats more，playing football is good for our healthIm a football fanMessi is my heroHe has a gift for playing footballMy dream is to become a famous football player like MessiI hope China will hold the World Cup some dayThank you for your attention【解析】【详解】试题分析：本题要求按提纲的提示，介绍足球运动并谈谈自己的梦想。要求仔细阅读有关提示，弄清试题提供的所有信息，明确本文主要从三个方面来写：介绍足球运动及其好处；说说自己的偶像；谈谈自己的梦想。要依据提示情景或词语，按照一定逻辑关系来写。根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态、语态；语言表达要符合英语习惯。写作亮点：本文语言精炼，像第二自然段的Football has a very long history. It is liked by people all over the world. The World Cup takes place every four years. it helps develop team spirit. Whats more, playing football is good for our health. 等等句子，简洁，但是句意表达清楚；同时，本文用了被动语态、动名词作主语、不定式作表语等等语法形式，使表达生动；用了first, second等使得短文层次清楚。3 假如你是李华, 你的美国笔友Bill给你发了一封电子邮件, 想了解你的梦想职业。请认真阅读下面的邮件, 根据信中的内容和你的实际情况给他写封回信。To: lihua china. comFrom: bill006 america. comSubject: Your dream jobDear Li Hua,Our teacher told us China is developing fast. You are lucky enough to live in China.Would you please tell me about your dream job in the future?What is your dream job? Why do you like the job? Do you think your personality is suitable for the job? Why or why not? What do you need to do for your dream job?Drop a few lines if you have time.Best wishes,Bill要求:1. 参考提示语, 可适当发挥；2. 语句通顺, 意思连贯, 书写工整；3. 文中不得出现你的任何真实信息（姓名、校名和地名等）；4.词数: 不少于70词（开头已给出, 但不计入总词数）。Dear Bill,Thank you for your letter. I am glad to tell you about my dream job. _Yours,Li Hua【答案】例文Thank you for your letter. I am glad to tell you about my dream job. Teaching is my dream job because I would like to share my knowledge with my students and help them solve problems. I am outgoing and helpful. I get on well with children. Besides, the schools environment appeals to me and staying with students helps to keep me young and alive. To realize my dream, I have to make full use of spare time to acquire the essential knowledge and enter a good university. What efforts are you making for your dream?Tell me about your ideal job!Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本题通过描写梦想中的职业，让学生对未来有憧憬，给一部分提示词，让学生有话可说。【详解】首先回答职