英语被动语态专项训练-讲解+句型转换.doc

中考被动语态专项训练-讲解+句型转换主动语态与被动语态l 一.概念:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。l二.被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去 分词l三.被动语态的时态:以为work 例:l1. 一般现在时: am / is/are+ workedl2. 一般过去时: was / were+ workedl3. 一般将来时: shall / will +be+ workedl4. 过去将来时: should / would+ workedl5. 现在进行时: am /is/are+ being+ workedl6. 过去进行时: was /were+ being+ worked 7. 过去进行时: was/were +being +worked8. 现在完成时: have/has+ been+ worked9. 过去完成时: had +been+ worked10. 将来完成时: shall/ will +have been +worked11. 过去将来完成时: should/would +have been+ worked12. 情态动词 (can/may/must/should etc.)+be+动词的过去分词四. 用法：l当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。五. 方法：l Many people speak English.(主动语态)l English is spoken by many people.（被动语态）六. 注意以下问题：l A. 带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，可以把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语(sth.)变为主语，须根据习惯在原间接宾语前加上介词to或for . 用to的常见词有：give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, take, bring etc.用for的常见词有：make, choose, sing, play, draw, save, buy, get, leave, cook etc.leg.l1. Mary gave him some books.l He was given some books by Mary.l Some books were given to him by Mary.l2. Her father bought her a new bike.l She was bought a new bike by her father.l A new bike was bought for her by her father.l B. 带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。leg. 1. We call him Gina.l He is called Gina (by us).l 2. They made me happy.l I was made happy( by them).l 3. He asked me to come here.lI was asked to come here (by him)llC. 在see, let, make, hear, watch etc.动词之后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但在变为被动语态时，则一定要加上to。l eg.l1. We saw them play football just now.l They were seen to play football just now.2. We often hear her sing in English.l She is often heard to sing in English.l D. 在某些“不及物动词+介词/副词”(相当于及物物动词)的句子中，变被动语态时，注意不要丢掉介词/副词。eg.l1. People often talk about that film. l That film is often talked about.l2. We should speak to the old people politely.l The old people should be spoken to politely. E. 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例如:Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.F. need表示需要时，后面常接doing形式表示被动意义，相当于tobedone.Allthecomputersneedrepairing.=Allthecomputersneed_.被动语态专项练习1. A large number of people speak French in Paris.l French _ _ _a large number of people in Paris.2. They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk _ _ in Suzhou.3. Doeshecleantheroomeveryday? _theroom_everyday?4. We often sing this song. _.5. Does he clean the room every day?_the room_ _ _every day?6. Did he paint the window red? _the window_ _ _ _?7. My cousin repaired the broken watch.l The broken watch _ _ _my cousin.8. They built a bridge between the two islands last year. A bridge _ _ between the two islands last year.9. Where did they plant trees? Where _ trees _?10. He broke his leg in the match. _.11.We will give a birthday party tomorrow. _.12. She will sell her house soon. _.13. We will build a new library this year.A new library_ _ _by_this year.14.People are still cutting down too many trees in the USA. _.15. He is repairing the machine. _.16. Are they teaching foreign languages there?_foreign languages_ _there?17. Are you going to make a new plane?_a new plane_ _ _ _?18. He has finished his work. _.19. Have they finished the new project?_the new project_ _by_?20. We should plant the trees around the lake.l The trees _ _ _around the lake.21. You can borrow two books at a time.Two books _ _ _ at a time.22. We call maths the language of science. Maths _ _ the language of science.23.The teacher made the students copy the text.The students _ _ _ copy the text.24.Someone saw John cross the street just now. John _ _ _ _ the street just now by someone.25. Thebossmadetheworkersworkallday Theworkers_workalldaybytheboss.26. Hegavemeabook I_abookbyhim. Abook_mebyhim.27. Mymothermademeacake. I_acakebymymother Acake_mebymymother.28.IheardTomsingingjustnow Tom_bymejustnow.29. Weshouldtakecareoftheold.Theoldshould_.30. My aunt bought me a present on my birthday.l I _ _a present by my aunt on my birthday.lA present _ _ _me by my aunt on my birthday.二、英语书面表达专项训练2安全对每个人都很重要。请根据以下信息内容提示，写一篇关于校园安全的英语小短文。提示：1. 体育锻炼2. 上下楼梯3. 交朋结友4. 食品卫生要求： 1. 语句通顺，表达准确，内容连贯；2短文可以适当发挥；但要包含以上要点。3词数：80100词。短文开头已给出，不计入总词数。Safety has become the focus to us all. How to be safe at school is especially important to us students._ _【答案】Safety has become the focus to us all. How to be safe at school is especially important to us students. First, we should take care not to get ourselves injured while we are having sports. Second, There are too many students at school, and our hallways are too narrow. So dont crowd with each other especially when we go upstairs or downstairs. Or there may be an accident. Besides, we should be friendly and get on well with others, dont quarrel or even fight. Last but not least , We should be careful to eat healthy food and keep away from junk food, which is harmful to our health.In a word, its important to remember these for us all.【解析】这是一篇给材料作文。结合要点提示，可知本文主要从三个方面进行叙述，注意围绕要点组织材料，适当发挥。根据材料内容确定主要句子的时态，及句式等重要内容。写作中注意语义通顺，符合逻辑关系。上下文之间可以适当使用连接词。3假如你是Liu Bin，请用英语给笔友Bob回复邮件。注意：1.文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称；2.要点齐全，语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范；3.词数100左右，邮件的开头与结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。Dear Bob,Im very glad to know that you will come to our school. Yours, Liu Bin【答案】Dear Bob,Im very glad to know that you will come to our school. Let me tell you something about it. Our school is very big and our classroom is very tidy. We go to school five days a week and have six classes every day. There is also an activity class in the afternoon. Usually I take exercise after school so that I can keep healthy and study better. Sometimes I listen to the music for a while, which is a good way to relax myself. Of course, I help my parents with the housework at the weekends too.My classmates are very nice. We often help each other. Everyone has his own way to do things, so we should understand each other. Besides, it is important for us to communicate with each other and share our happiness and sadness.Im looking forward to your coming.Yours, Liu Bin【解析】【详解】这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如be glad to，listen to the music，five days a week，so that，prepare for，for a while，of course，at the weekends，help each other，look forward to等。而固定句型it is important for us to communicate with each other and share our happiness and sadness.和Im very glad to know that you will come to our school./ Usually I take exercise after school so that I can keep healthy and study better./ Sometimes I listen to the music for a while, which is a good way to relax myself.等复杂从句结构的运用，丰富了短文内容，使表达多样化，是本文的亮点。在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章表达更有逻辑性，也更富有条理。【点睛】书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。4假如你是班长李华，今天你们班对即将到来的暑假计划进行了讨论。你们班的外教David对此很感兴趣。请你根据以下信息，给 David写一封电子邮件，告诉他讨论的情况及你自己本人的计划及原因。比例计划原因50% 去国内外旅游1.放松;2.欣赏美景30% 多读一些书1.增长知识；2.培养兴趣20% 参加社会实践1.锻炼自己;2.结识朋友你的计划? (至少一个)？（请你补充）注意：(1)邮件应包含所有要点(2)词数80个左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数)；(3)不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分注：社会实践 social practice activitiesDear DavidIm writing to tell you something about our discussion today._Best wishes!YoursLi Hua【答案】Dear DavidIm writing to tell you something about our discussion today.The students have their own plans about how to spend a meaningful summer vacation. Half of the students plan to travel at home and abroad. They want to relax and enjoy the beautiful scenery. Thirty percent of students plan to read more books. They believe that reading can increase knowledge. Reading books can make people smart and develop interests. 20% of them plan to take part in social practice activities. They want to exercise themselves and make new friends. Im going to take part in social practice activities, too. I want to learn something new and get good experience from these activities.Best wishes!YoursLi Hua【解析】【详解】这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如how to do，spend a meaningful summer vacation，half of，plan to do，travel at home and abroad，enjoy the beautiful scenery，take part in，social practice activities，make new friends 等。而非谓语动词结构The students have their own plans about how to spend a meaningful summer vacation./ Reading books can make people smart and develop interests.和宾语从句They believe that reading can increase knowledge.的运用，丰富了短文内容，使表达多样化，是本文的亮点。在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章表达更有逻辑性，也更富有条理。【点睛】书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。5书面表达根据要求完成短文写作，请将作文写在答题卡指定的位置上。每年春节，每个孩子都能收到来自长辈的压岁钱（lucky money）。随着生活水平的提高，大部分孩子得到越来越多的压岁钱，有些甚至通过微信(WeChat)或支付宝(Alipay)收压岁钱。同学们该如何管理自己的钱，让自己的钱用得更有意义？请结合自己的实际写一篇文章，词数 80 词以上，文中不能出现真实校名和人名。内容包括如下：1. 你的压岁钱的来源和用途；2. 对合理使用压岁钱的建议（至少 3 点）；3. 呼吁大家节约用钱，把自己的压岁钱用在最需要、最有意义的地方。【答案】Every Spring Festival I receive a lot of lucky money from my parents and relatives. Now I even get it through WeChat or Alipay. I usually buy some of my favorite books, school things and some fancy clothes. Sometimes I also buy some gifts for my parents.In order to make good use of the lucky money, I think we can do the following things. First, we should save part of the money for our study instead of wasting it on video games. Second, it is a good idea to buy something useful for our parents or teachers so that we can show our love to them. What is more, why not donate our lucky money to the poor kids in need? Helping others makes us happy.All in all, let us manage our lucky money properly. We should use our money in a meaningful way.【解析】【详解】每年春节，每个孩子都能收到来自长辈的压岁钱（luckymoney）。随着生活水平的提高，大部分孩子得到越来越多的压岁钱，有些甚至通过微信(WeChat)或支付宝(Alipay)收压岁钱。同学们该如何管理自己的钱，让自己的钱用得更有意义？这是一篇给材料作文，本题所给材料比较详细，写作中注意将所给内容表达出来，不能逐字翻译。通过阅读材料可知这篇短文主要使用的人称就是第一人称，时态为一般现在时态，注意谓语动词的变化。动笔前可以按照材料内容列出简单提纲，写作中注意语义通顺，符合逻辑关系。上下文之间可以适当使用连接词。【点睛】文章使用了很好的短语和句子：In order to make good use of the lucky money, I think we can do the following things. First, we should save part of the money for our study instead of wasting it on video games.这些给文章增色不少。6A good book is important to me要求：1. 紧扣主题，意思连贯，语言通顺，书写规范。2. 不得使用真实姓名和校名，如需使用名字，请用Mike, Gina等英文名字; 校名统一使用Guangming Middle School。3. 词数不少于60。【答案】A good book is important for me. It can not only help broaden my horizons, but also give me inspiration. From the good book, I can learn what others think, and their views about the world. Whats more, I can even live their lives, which are totally different from mine. For me, a good book is really like a good friend, who can teach me how to solve the problems when I am in trouble. A good book helps me a lot, and it is quite important for me in my life.【解析】【分析】本题是命题作文，根据题目一本好书对我是重要的，自己写相关内容，可以是你读了什么书，该书对你产生了什么影响。也可以是一本好书为什么对你来说是重要的。【详解】本篇文章主要从为什么对我重要这个角度来写。文章时态主要用一般现在时，人称为第一人称。题目并没有给过多的提示信息，所以需要学生自己思索行文内容。在写作时，注意紧扣主题，连句成篇，要层次清楚，要点分明，中心突出。同时要注意语言的表述应该符合语法的结构，造句应该符合英语的表达习惯；尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，最好不要写太长的复合句；尽量选取简单的易拼写的单词，确保正确率；词汇、句式要丰富多样，可以为文章增色添彩。最后要细心复核检查，确保正确无误。【点睛】首先认真审题，看清题目中的要求和要点；然后根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达；然后紧扣要点，动笔写作，在写作过程中，要注意句与句、段与段之间的过渡，必要时可适当运用表示转折、因果、并列、比较等关系的连词，使文章过渡平稳，自然流畅；最后，要仔细检查有无单词拼写错误、标点符号误用等，还要检查语法结构是否合理，有无重复、啰嗦的语言，大小写是否正确，词数是否符合要求等。7你校正在举办以“社会主义核心价值观”为主题的英语演讲比赛，你准备从“和善”这一点展开论述，请根据提示，以“Kindness is a gift”为题，写一篇英语演讲稿。要求： 1）表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯；2）必须包括提示中所有信息，并适当发挥；3）词数：100词左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；4）不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。Kindness is a giftDear classmates,I think kindness is a special gift to everyone. How can we show it to others in our daily life? Thats all for my speech. Thank you!【答案】例文Dear classmates,I think kindness is a special gift to everyone. How can we show it to others in our daily life?When were at home, its important to show our respect to our parents. Helping them do some housework will make us close to each other. We should also be kind enough to our neighbours in our neighborhood. While theyre away from home, we can keep an eye on their houses. At school, tell our classmates to ask for help whenever they need. If one of them is absent from school, we can help them with the lesson. On the bus, we should take care of the elderly by giving them our seats. And once there is someone who tries to fight with the bus driver, its better for us to stop him.I hope everyone can be kind to others so that we can live in a world full of love.Thats all for my speech. Thank you!【解析】【详解】你校正在举办以“社会主义核心价值观”为主题的英语演讲比赛，你准备从“和善”这一点展开论述，请根据提示，以“Kindness is a gift”为题，写一篇英语演讲稿。内容要求中指出了写作要点，动笔前一定要认真阅读内容要点，根据内容要点组织材料，确定句子人称，时态等问题。可以先把各要点用句子表达出来，然后再组合成文。写作中注意语意通顺，符合逻辑关系，为了使短文更显得有逻辑性，在列举自己的优势时，可以适当使用序数词。举出的例子要有说服力，想象合理并适当发挥，不能遗漏要点。注意采用一些习惯的句式，固定短语，以使自己的演讲稿更有文采。写完后多读几遍，适当修改。【点睛】这是一篇非常优秀的文章，作者用到了一些好的句型：its important to show our respect to our parents. Helping them do some housework will make us close to each other.；If one of them is absent from school, we can help them with