中考初中定语从句专项讲解与练习.doc

中考初中定语从句专项讲解与练习定语从句（初中）在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.（that作主语）The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.（that作宾语）2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语。例如：The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.（作主语）The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. （作宾语）3.who， whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom。例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.（作主语）Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to？（作宾语）注意：1）当关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时，who、 that、which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构（此时关系代词不能用that代替）。例如：This is the house (which/that) we lived in last year.(可省)This is the house in which we lived last year.(不可省，关系代词不可用that)Please tell me (whom/that) you borrowed the English novel from.(可省)Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.(不可省，关系代词不可用that)2）关系词只能用that的情况：a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：He was the first person that passed the exam. This is the most beautiful place that I have been to .b.被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？= I didnt understand the words all that he said.c.先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few ，no，just等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。3）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：a.先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如：Whats that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：（同（1）This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用that.例如：Tom came back， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。五、关系副词的用法（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。注意：“介词+which/whom”结构有时可与其他关系代词或关系副词互相转换That is the house where my father used to live.=That is the house which my mother used to live in.= That is the house in which my mother used to live.上句中：in which = where六：练习(一)1Did you find the notebook _ Jim had given me for my birthday? A. who B. whom C. which D. whose2. Thats all _ I have seen and heard. A. which B. that C. where D. what3. Have you seen the man _ plan we were talking about _ yesterday ? A. who, them B. its, them C. whose,/ D. whose, them4.The Oscar is one of the film prizes _ offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far. A. which are not B. that have not been C. that has not D. that has not been5. He never reads anything _ is not worth reading. A. that B. as C. who D. which6. The man _ coat is black is waiting at the gate. A. whos B. whose C. that D. of which7. _ cleans the classroom can go home first. A. Anyone B. those who C. However D. The one who8. The police caught the man _ stole my handbag. A. he B. that C. whom D. which9. The girl _ is reading under the tree _ my sister. A. which, is B. whom, was C. who , is D. who, was10. George Mallory was an English teacher _ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which11. Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure.A. which B. what C. as D. Those12. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one13. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday?A. that B. where C. which D. the one14. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago?A. that B. where C. which D. the one15. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found.A. that B. where C. in which D. in that16. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day?A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about17. Is there anything _ to you?A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs18. - “How do you like the book?”- “Its quite different from _ I read last month.” A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what19. They were interested _ you told them.A. in which B. in that C. all that D. in everything20. - Do you know the town at all?- No, this is the first time I _ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming初中英语定语从句练习题（二）1. I still remember the night _I first came to the house.2. Ill never forget the day_ we met each other last week.3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _is the best season there.4. I will never forget the days _I spent with your family.5. Ill never forget the last day_ we spent together.6. This is the school _I used to study.7. Do you still remember the place_ we visited last week?8. Do you still remember the place_ we visited the painting exhibition?9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_is famous for the West Lake?10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, _lies the West Lake?11. Tom will go to Shanghai,_live his two brothers.12. I live in Beijing,_is the capital of China.13. There was a time _there were slaves in the USA.14. It is the third time _you have made the same mistake.15. It was in the street _I met John yesterday.16. It was about 600 years ago_the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.17. The moment _I saw you, I recognized(认出)you.18. This is the very novel about_weve talked so much.19. This is the way_he did it.20. Who is the student _was late for school today?初中英语定语从句练习题（三）将下列每组句子改写为带有定语从句的复合句。1. The nurse is very kind. She looks after my sister.2. We watched the play “Teahouse”. The play “Teahouse” was written by Lao She.3. The medicine was quite helpful. Dr Li gave it to me.4. The train started at 5:00 p.m. Mike missed it.5. The letter is from my uncle. I received it three days ago.6. Cream, butter and cheese are kinds of food. They make you fat.7. The man is in the next room. He brought us the letter yesterday.二、英语书面表达专项训练2书面表达即将步入高中的你们马上要面对近几年热门讨论的“3+X”高考模式的选择(3即语文，数学，英语。X即物理，化学，历史，政治，生物等等科目)。对此，有人赞同，有人反对。请你根据以下提示内容，就”3+X”考试这一话题，谈谈你自己的看法。注意：1.请根据表格内容，写出语法正确，语言优美的短文，可适当发挥。2. 文中不能出现自己的姓名和所在学校的名称及其它相关的信息，否则不予评分。3.词数：80字左右（提示词不算字数）赞同的观点学生可以选择自己擅长或感兴趣的科目，他们在考试中能取得好成绩反对的观点事实上，这对学生而言，选择科目更难，有些科目竞争对手更多，而且有的学生难以选择适合自己的老师或科目你的观点Were going to enter the senior high school this September.Nowadays,more and more people do pay attention to the 3+X Examination for College Entrance Examination(3+X高考).Some people think_【答案】Were going to enter the senior high school this SeptemberNowadays，more and more people do pay attention to the 3+X Examination for College Entrance Examination（3+X高考）Some people think 3+X Examination is very suitable for studentsThey can choose subjects that they are good at or interested inThey can get good marks in examSome people think it has disadvantagesIn fact， it is more difficult for students to choose subjectsSome subjects have more competitors， and some students are difficult to choose suitable teachers or subjectsIn my opinion，learning well is the most important thing【解析】【分析】这篇书面表达是篇议论文。主要是对热门话题新高考“3+X”模式讨论。【详解】这个话题，考生都比较熟悉，也贴近考生的实际。考生需要根据表格所给的内容，先表述正反两方面的观点，其次要加入自己的观点，这是要求考生自己发挥的。在写作时考生可以使用自己熟悉的短语，句式，避免出现错误；建议使用一些长难句给作文加分；最后要检查，拼写是否有误，标点符号使用是否恰当等。【点睛】写作时要明确要点，做到思路清晰，句式灵活，表达流畅，语法正确，结合要求，注意作文题材，不要写跑题.日常积累一些短语和词句.3书面表达假如你是英语俱乐部的Cathy,上周五你们收到了外教Angel为同学们网购的英文书籍。俱乐部的同学们很喜欢网购图书这种便捷的方式，并打算在本周五交流读书后的感受。请你根据以下信息, 给Angel写一封电子邮件，告诉她俱乐部的活动情况，并说说网购图书的好处。写作要点：1表达收到图书后的喜悦与感激之情。2介绍活动的情况：（l）上周五，俱乐部成员们一起读英文书。（2）本周五的下午3点，大家将共同交流读书的体会。（3）同学们将在下个月网购其他的英文书。3说一说网上购书有什么好处。写作要求：1不得使用真实的姓名和学校名。2可适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。3字迹工整、语言精练、表达准确、条理清晰。4至少80词。Dear Angel,How are you doing? Best wishes!Yours,Cathy【答案】Dear Angel,How are you doing? Im writing to tell you that we received the books that you bought for us. We are grateful to you and all of us are very happy。Last Friday，we had a reading party, which was held on Friday in our reading room. Then we are going to hold an activity to share the feeling with others at 3:00 on Friday afternoon. All of us are fond of buying books on the Internet. We are going to buy some books on the Internet next month. As far as I am concerned, on the one hand, the books on the Internet are cheaper than those in the bookstore. On the other hand, there are all kinds of books, so we neednt go from one bookstore to another .Best wishes!Yours,Cathy【解析】【详解】本文属于材料作文，向外教介绍俱乐部中读书交流会的活动，并且告诉外教同学们现在喜欢网购图书并阐述网购图书的好处。根据要表达的内容确定并准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑，可适当增加内容。亮点说明：这是一篇优秀的作文，很好的完成了试题规定的任务，语言表达符合英语习惯，准确运用时态、主谓一致，特别使用一些亮点词句，如bought sth for sb, be grateful to, be going to do, share sth with sb, be fond of, as far as I am concerned, on the one hand.on the other hand, from to以及we had a reading party,which was held on Friday in our reading room中which引导非限制性定语从句。增强逻辑关系，增加上下文意思连贯，用词准确，句子通顺，行文连贯。【点睛】写作时可以从以下几个方面做起：认真审题。审好题是写好书面表达的关键。审题时要注意试题的要求，抓住要点，词数符合要求。构思提纲。有了提纲，我们就可以根据提纲和主题确定相关的写作材料。通常书面表达给出的话题是开放的，而具体的内容要求学生自己发挥，因此选择恰当的素材也是使短文中心突出、明确的关键。初写短文。一切都准备就绪，就可以动笔写作了，在写作的过程中我们要注意句子的准确性、连贯性以及简洁性。使用的词语、短语及句型尽量用自己有把握的词。同时还要注意使用恰当的连词，使句子衔接自然。修改润色。修改润色是获取高分的必要步骤。这一步我们除了检查短文的各种错误外，还要检查语法结构是否合理，有无重复、啰嗦的语言，大小写是否正确，格式是否正确，词数是否符合要求等。4书面表达 我校决定让学生轮流打扫厕所，以此作为教育学生的一种方式。 这件事在学生中引 起了强烈的反响，请你把下列不同意见整理成一篇书面材料，报告给学校。 同意 ：1多数学生是独生子女，不会做事。 2学生应该学会做艰苦的工作。 3学会理解和尊重清洁工人的劳动。 不同意：1很脏，容易使学生生病。 2不是学生应该做的事情。 3打扫教室就足够了。 注意：1短文应包括表中所有内容，可适当发挥，但不要逐字翻译； 2不少于80词。 生词提示：respect尊重【答案】A strong argument has taken place among students since our school made students do voluntary labor.Some students think it is a good way of education. Now most families have only one child. They never do hard work. To do voluntary labor is a good chance for them to learn how to do difficult work. It can also help them understand and respect the cleaners.But others have different points. They think it is easy for them to get sick. They dont think it is studentsjobs. Cleaning the classroom every day is enough.【解析】【详解】阅读题干要求，这是一篇看法类的作文，那么首先得点明讨论的话题，然后分别写出不同人群对此事的看法，时态以一般现在时为主。重点词汇及短语：argument争论；take place发生；among（三者或三者以上）之间；a good chance for sb对某人来说是个好机会；help sb do sth帮助某人做某事；get sick生病。亮点句型：（1）A strong argument has taken place among students since our school made students do voluntary labor. 自从我们学校让学生做自愿劳动以来，在学生中发生了一场激烈的争论。现在完成时（have/has+done）。（2）To do voluntary labor is a good chance for them to learn how to do difficult work. 做义务劳动是他们学习如何做困难工作的好机会。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数，疑问词+to do。5扬州市“五个一百工程” 英语经典文学(English classics)阅读正在全市各地各校全面而深入地推进，这提高了扬州学子的人文科学素养，并促进了他们的终身发展。某校正在开展中学生是否有必要阅读英文经典文学的大讨论，请根据以下问题和要求用英语写一篇文章参与讨论。1. Do you think reading English classics is necessary? Why? (Give 3 reasons)2. How do you usually take part in the activity of reading English classics? (Give 3 examples, e.g. take part in the Reading Club, take notes while reading )3. Whats your advice for the students who are weak in English? (Give 1-2 opinions)要求 1）表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯； 2）必须包括问题中所有的相关信息，并适当发挥； 3）词数：100词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）； 4）不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。With the development of the Five One-hundred Project in Yangzhou, our school has had a discussion about whether it is necessary for middle school students to read English classics. 【答案】With the development of the Five One-hundred Project in Yangzhou, our school has had a discussion about whether it is necessary for middle school students to read English classics. I think reading English classics is not only necessary but also important. First, we can learn a lot about Western history and culture by reading. Second, by reading classics we can enlarge our vocabulary and improve our writing. Finally, it can help us with our lifelong learning. So I often spend my free time reading English classics. I am in the Reading Club. And I often take notes while reading. Whats more, I sometimes ask the teacher for help if I have difficulty reading books. If some students are weak in English, they can read the short and easy English stories at the very beginning. Well begun is half done. Next, they should keep reading and never give up. Then their English will be improved little by little.【解析】【详解】这是一篇要求关于某校正在开展中学生是否有必要阅读英文经典文学的大讨论，请根据问题和要求用英语写一篇文章参与讨论。动笔前先要认真阅读要点，围绕要点组织材料，然后用正确的英语句子把这些内容表达出来，在此基础上亦可适当发挥，注意不要遗漏材料中给出的要点。根据材料可知本文主要是应用第一人称，一般现在时态，注意标点符号及大小写等问题，不要犯语法错误。注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，语意连贯。6书面表达（本题15分）根据要求完成短文写作，请将作文写在答题卡指定的位置上。为了使生活更美好，社会需要正能量（positive energy）。生活中，我们需要他人的帮助，也要学会帮助他人。请你在网上给What would you do?本期节目留言，内容包括：1. 你对节目中挺身而出的顾客的看法；2. 说说你帮助别人或别人帮助你的一件事例；3. 呼吁大家互帮互助，彼此感恩，让社会充满正能量。作文要求：1不得照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称和学生的真实姓名。2语句连贯，词数80个左右。 作文的开头已经给出，不必抄写在试卷上，也不计入总词数。In the program, a customer stood up when a blind woman was cheated badly in a cake shop. _【答案】In the program, a customer stood up when a blind woman was cheated badly in a cake shop. I really admire her because she was brav