高考定语从句专题复习讲义.docx

高考专题复习----定语从句讲义
Ø 考纲解读
要求：1.掌握关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词why, when, where 的用法；2.掌握介词+which，介词+whom的介词选择；3.掌握非限制性定语从句：as和which的用法； 4.掌握定语从句与其他从句的区别。
Ø 知识目标（本课时内容）
基础知识回顾：1、什么是定语？ 2、定语从句的功能、位置怎么样？3、什么是先行词、引导词？4、先行词与引导词的关系是什么？5、非限制性定语从句。
Ø 能力目标
定语从句知识在高考中的应用：1.关系代词的确定；2.关系副词的确定；3.介词+关系代词
一、基础知识回顾
Ø 什么是定语？
指出下列句子中的定语
1、Guilin is a beautiful city.
2、China is a developing country.
3、There are 30 woman teachersin our school.
4、His rapid progress in English made us surprised.
5、Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.
在以上句中，对这些名词起到了 、 的作用成分叫定语
Ø 什么是定语从句
1、I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
2、This is the house where we lived last year.
3、Harry is the boy whose mother is our teacher.
定语从句在句中的作用相当于 ，用来修饰 、 、 等。定语从句又称为形容词性从句。常放在被修饰的名词、代词、句子等（先行词）后面作 。
Ø 什么是先行词、引导词
1. 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
2. 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系代词：who, whom, whose, that,which
关系副词：when, where,why
3. 关系词引导定语从句，同时在意义上指代先行词在定语从句中充当某个成分，先行词在定语从句中不再出现，也不用其他词代替。
1.I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
2.This is the house where we lived last year.
3.Harry is the boy whose mother is our teacher.
二、定语从句高考应用
Ø 怎样确定关系代词和关系副词
解题要点：
1、先行词为人时，用who作主或宾，whom作宾语；
2、先行词为物或整个句子时，用which 作主或宾
3、whose用作定语，可指人或物；
4.只用that，不用which的情况：
l 当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；
l 当先行词前有the only, the very （正好）, the last, all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few等词修饰时；
l 当先行词为anything, nothing, something, everything, all, little, much, none,the one等指物的不定代词时；
l 当先行词既有人又有物时
l 当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时
l 有两个定语从句时，一个宜用which，另一个宜用that
5、只用which,不用that 的情况；
l 引导非限制性定语从句时；
l 引导词前有介词时；
l 一个句子中若有两个定语从句，一个用that引导，另一个用which引导；
e.g. He bought a book that could give him much knowledge and which could help him to kill the time.
l 补充：(只能用who: 当those指人时并作先行词)
6、 when（指时间，从句中作时间状语）
7、 where（指地点，从句中作地点状语）
8、why（指原因，从句中作原因状语）
关系代词、副词选择解题技巧
1.首先分清主句和定语从句
2.确定定语从句的先行词，并放到定语从句判断其语法成分
3.若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词；若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词
考点一 关系代词的选择
1．（ 2011山东）The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____ are built close to each other. A. they B. where C. what D. that.
2. (2011浙江) A bank is the place ______ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
A. when B. that C. where D. there
3.(2012·江苏高考)After the flooding, people were
suffering in that area, ________ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.
A．which　　　　 B．who C．where D．what
4. (2012·陕西高考)It is the third time that she has won the race, ________ has surprised us all.
A．that B．where C．which D．what
5. (2012·重庆高考)Sales director is a position ________ communication ability is just as important as sales. A．which B．that C．when D．where
考点二 关系副词的选择
1．(2012·江西高考)By 16：30, ________ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. A．which B．when C．what D．that
2．(2012·浙江高考)We live in an age ________ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A．why B．when C．to whom D．on which
3．(2012·重庆高考)Sales director is a position ________ communication ability is just as important as sales. A．which B．that C．when D．where
考点三 介词+关系代词的复合结构中介词的选择
解题技巧
1. 谓语动词的固定搭配
2. 先行词在从句中的成分
3. 在非限制性定语从句中，名词\代词+of+ which\whom 表示整体与部分的关系
4. 当先行词是物时，whose＋n.＝the＋n.＋of which或of which＋the＋n.
练习
1．(2012·四川高考)In our class there are 46 students,
________ half wear glasses.
A．in whom B．in them C．of whom D．of them
2．(2012·山东高考)Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series.
A．them B．that C．which D．what
3. (2012·天津高考)I wish to thank Professor Smith, without
________ help I would never have got this far.
A．who B．whose C．whom D．which
4. Samuel received a training course in drawing for three years，________he got a good opportunity for further development.
A．after that　　　B．after which C．after it D．after this
5. Gun control is a subject ______ Americans have argued for a long time.
A．of which B．with which C．about which D．into which
6. The house I grew up ________has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
A．in it B．in C．in that D．in which
7. He studied at a local grammar school for six years, ________ he went on to Cambridge.
A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this
课后练习
1．(2013•合肥一模)At that moment, I was just standing by the window in my room，________ I could see what was occurring on the street.
A．from which　　　　　B．from whose C．from that D．from where
2．(2013•福建泉州质检)The film Jane Eyre，________ Jane was a strong character, was adapted from the novel of the same title. A．where B．which C．who D．as
3．(2013•哈尔滨高三模拟)Soon children in the camp had many new friends，________ they shared food, stories and projects. A．for which B．with whom C．of which D．to whom
4．(2013•西安第一次质检)There was a tree in front of the house，________ owner was seen sitting under it, enjoying the shade. A．where B．whose C．which D．that

3、我们在水中发现了什么微生物呢？（P18）5．(2013•成都部分高中高三教学质量检测)The city was attacked by________ terrible weather________ few citizens had ever experienced before.
A．so; as B．so; that C．such; that D．such; as

5、草蛉是蚜虫的天敌，七星瓢虫吃蚜虫，蜻蜓吃蚊子。6．The accident happened at about 11：30 pm Tuesday at the Guba coal mine in Longchang Township, Fuquan City ________ 41 miners were working underground.
A．when B．what C．that D．whose

20、在水中生活着许我微生物，常见的有草履虫、变形虫、喇叭虫、眼虫、团藻等。7．(2013•“江南十校”联考)There are a lot of stories about Yao Ming, a super basketball star，________ this is an example. A．for whom B．for which C．of whom D．of which

1、世界是由物质构成的。我们身边的书、橡皮、电灯、大树、动物、植物包括我们自己都是由物质构成的。8．(2012•开封模拟)Our psychology teacher seems unable to explain everything in a way________ makes sense to us. A．in which B．of which C．/ D．that

1、世界是由物质构成的。我们身边的书、橡皮、电灯、大树、动物、植物包括我们自己都是由物质构成的。9．(2013•南通一调)I adore my English teacher because he an always create an atmosphere________ all the students feel respected and cared for.

14、大我数地区的自来水水源取自水库、湖泊或河流。自来水是主要的饮用水，饮用水源受到污染，会直接影响我们的身体健康。A．that B．when C．where D．which

1、世界是由物质构成的我们身边的书、橡皮、电灯、大树、动物、植物包括我们自己都是由物质构成的。10．(2013•三明质检) You can only be sure of________ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something________ you might get in the future.
A．that; what B．what; / C．which; that D．/; that

1、世界是由物质构成的。我们身边的书、橡皮、电灯、大树、动物、植物包括我们自己都是由物质构成的。11．(2013•屯溪高三模拟)The reason ________ he was late was ________ he had to send his grandma to a hospital.

1、月相的变化有什么规律？（P49）A．that; why B．why; because C．why; that D．that; because
12．(2013•天津和平区一模)I'm very grateful to my high school teachers, without ________ help I wouldn't be so excellent. A．whom B．their C．whose D．which

答：①利用微生物的作用，我们可以生产酒、醋、酸奶、馒头和面包等食品。②土壤中的微生物可以分解动植物的尸体，使它们变成植物需要的营养素。③在工业生产和医药卫生中也都离不开微生物。13．(2013•会宁模拟)Mount Wuyi is such an attractive place of interest ________ everyone likes to visit. A．that B．as C．which D．what
14．(2013•兰州模拟)The boss ________ department Mr. Li worked ten years ago looks down upon women. A．in which B．in that C．in whose D．whose
15．(2013•泉州模拟)Recently my father bought an ancient Chinese vase, ________ was very reasonable. A．which price B．the price of which C．its price D．the price of whose