大学毕业论文-—浅析《小妇人》中马奇太太的教育方式英语.doc

The Model of the Family Education

毕 业 论 文（设 计）

题目：家庭教育的典范——浅析《小妇人》中马奇太太的教育方式
（英文）：The Model of the Family Education
----- The Analysis of the Education Way of Mrs.March in Little Women

The Model of the Family Education
----- The Analysis of the Education Way of Mrs.March in Little Women
Abstract
Little Women is an autobiographical novel, which records the growth process of four girls under their mother’s teaching in an ordinary family during the American civil war. This process is reflected by the conflicts of the four girls’ growing: performing traditional women duties or pursuing individual character development. Mrs. March is not a specialist in education, but she is a real educational art executor. She is the intimate friend of the daughters and sets a good family situation.

Key words: family atmosphere；practice；education

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家庭教育的典范
——浅析《小妇人》中马奇太太的教育方式
摘要
摘要：美国女作家奥尔科特的《小妇人》一直深受广大读者的喜爱。小说中马奇四姐妹的光辉品质一直都是众多读者关注的对象，但是这四位优秀女性的培养者——马奇太太却常常被人忽视。马奇太太不是教育方面的专家，却是真正的教育艺术的践行者。可以从创造良好的家庭氛围、做孩子的知心人、让孩子从实践中接受教育等三个方面了解
马奇太太的教育方式，这只是马奇太太教育艺术的一部分，从马奇太太身上我们可以借鉴和学习的家庭教育方式还有很多，如言传身教、循循善诱、立身为范等等。

关键字：教育方式；家庭氛围；实践；教育

Content
1. Introduction 1
2. The Reflection of Family Education in the Marches 2
2.1. The Way of Family Education 2
2.1.1.Talent Improvement 2
2.1.2. Language and Behavior 2
2.1.3. Valuation Affirming 5
2.2. The Effects of the Education Art for Children 5
2.2.1. For Meg 5
2.2.2.For Jo 6
2.2.3 For Beth 7
2.2.4 For Amy 7
2.3. The Meaning of the Family Education 8
2.3.1. The View of the All-around and Elementary Education 8
2.3.2. The Favorable Value of the Family Education 8
3. Conclusion 9
References 10
Acknowledgements 11

1. Introduction
1.1. Rationale and Significance
In the last few years, with the development of diathetic education stricken root into the hearts of people, the family education has been a hot spot of society, because good family education is closely related to children’s quality and behavior, and related to the future of our country. At present, the situation of family education is good, large number of parents and schools have created successful experience, even many parents study the family education knowledge initiatively, so the educational idea has undergone the profound change. The novel Little Women quite caters to the social change. Therefore, the thesis will focus on the family education, and analyse how Mrs.March educates her four daughters and the effects.
In the past, there were some researches on the family education in the novel Little Women. For example, the doctrine of education and the childish standard, written by Yi Lexiang, personality and family education(Xu Qi), the travel of soul in growing-up ( Wang ruixue), analyse the character structure in Little Women. While the novel talks about the disturbances and vexations which the four sisters experience, then tells us how they overcome difficulties and get success. According to the clue, this thesis will explore the family education in the novel, and highlight the effects of the family education.
1.2. Research Questions
There are three research questions in this thesis. The first is how Mrs. March educate her four children. The second one is what the effects of the family education for the four children are. The third one is what the meaning of the family education is.
1.3. Outline of the Thesis
There are five chapters in this thesis. Part One is introduction. Part two is the reflection of family education in the Marches. Part three is the effects of the education art for children. Part four is the meaning of the family education. The last one is conclusion.

2. The Reflection of Family Education in the Marches
2.1. The Family Education Way
2.1.1. Talent Improvement
Little women mainly refers to the story in which the four sisters: Meg, Jo, Beth and Amy. They grow up in the difficult circumstance. The March sisters are industrious and kind, but each of them also has their shortcomings. And their father’ letter encourages them to overcome their weaknesses, and improve their spirit self-cultivation. The writer Alcott. L. M named some chapters in the name of matters in the name of matters in the novel of the Pilgrim’s Progress, hinted that the sisters would reach the goal after encountering difficulties, just like the pilgrims. Although the sisters have different personalities and talents, they all pay attention to the improving of soul, and make it perfection, and strongly keep independence. In the progress, the encourage from their father’s letters and the right guide-ness from their mother play a very important role in their growth. Jo becomes an obedient and tame Little Women, but before that, she was a naughty and rebellious tomboy. Beth overcomes timidity, and gets her lovely piano, and reaches her beautiful palace. Amy becomes an elegant and dignify fair maiden from a selfish and arrogant girl.
2.1.2. Language and Behavior
Mr. and Mrs. March in the novel set a good example for their children. They play an essential role in perfecting personalities in their grown-up. Mr.March, seeking perfection of moral, is a gentle prudent and over-intelligent man. He is also honest and loyal. And he always takes pity on everyone, so he is the pillar of the family, while his wife is well-educated and reasonable, and knows how to teach by language and behavior. Just the excellent couple cultivates their four outstanding daughters. They never blame their daughters when they make mistakes or when they lose hearts confronting hardships. On the contrary, they always tell their experience patiently to educate them. In the Chapter One, in his letter, their father emphasizes that:
Give them all my dear love and a kiss. Tell them I think of them by day, pray for them by night, and find my best comfort in their affection at all times. A year seems very long to wait before I see them, but remind them that while we wait we may all work, so that these hard days need not be wasted. I know they will remember all I said to them, that they will be loving children to you, will do their duty faithfully, fight their enemies bravely, and conquer themselves when I come back to them, I may be fonder and prouder than ever of my little women.
Next, the girls talk about what they should correct and perfect------Amy hides her face on her mother’s shoulder and sobs out, “I am a selfish girl! But I will try to be better, so he may not be disappointed I me.” “We all will!” cries Meg, “I think too much of my looks and hate to work, but won’t any more, if I can help it.” “I will try and be what he loves to call me, a “little woman”, and not be rough and wild, but do my duty here instead of wanting to be somewhere else.” says Jo, thinking that keeping her temper at home is a much harder task than facing a rebel or two down south.(Little Women, 2000: 18-20) Without doubt, Father’s words are always warming them what should they do or not. When their father comes back, he is satisfied with their behaviors, and praises them.
He says, to Meg, he remembers a time when this hand was white and smooth, and her first care was to keep it so. It is very pretty then, but to him it is much prettier now--------for in these seeming blemishes he read a little history. A burnt offering has been made of vanity, this hardened palm has earned something better than blisters; and he is sure the sewing done by these pricked fingers will last a long time, so much goodwill goes into the stitches. He values the womanly skill which keeps home happy more than white hands of fashionable accomplishments. He is proud to shake this good, industrious little hand, and hopes he should not soon be asked to give it away.
For Jo, he says, in spite of the curly crisp, he doesn't see the “son Jo” whom he left a year ago, he sees a young lady who pins her collar straight, laces her boots neatly, and neither whistles, talks slang, nor lay on the rug as she used to do. Her face is rather thin and pale just now, with watching and anxiety, but he likes to look at it, for it has grown gentler, and her voice is lower; she doesn’t bounce, but moves quietly, and takes care of a certain little person in a motherly way which delights me. He rather misses his wild girl, but he gets a strong, helpful, tenderhearted woman in her place, he should feel quite satisfied. He doesn’t know whether the shearing sobers their black sheep, but he knows that in all Washington he couldn’t find anything beautiful enough to be bought with the five-and-twenty dollars her good girl sent him.
For Beth, he says, there is so little of her. He is afraid to say much, for fear she would slip away altogether, though she is not so shy as she used to be.
For Amy, he says, he observes that Amy takes drumsticks at dinner, runs errands for her mother all the afternoon, gives Meg her place tonight, and has waited for everyone with patience and good humor. He also observes that she does not fret much nor look in the glass, and has not even mentioned a very pretty ring which she wore; so he concludes that she has learned to think of other people more and of herself less, and has decided to try and molded her character as carefully as she molded her little clay figures. He is glad of this, altough he should be very proud of a graceful statue made by her, he should be infinitely proud of a lovable daughter with a talent for making life beautiful to herself and others.
While Mrs.March’s education to their daughters embodies in the daily life, she let daughters’ send breakfast to a poor woman as a Christmas present. In the chapter of Playing Pilgrims, to make daughters understand that human existence and life is a really drama, Mrs. March’s talked: “We are playing all the time in one way or another. Our burdens are here, our road is before us, and the longing for goodness and happiness is the guide that leads us through many troubles and mistakes to the peace which is a true Celestial City. Now, my little pilgrims, suppose you begin again, not in play, but in earnest, and see how far on you can get before Father comes home.”(Little Women, 2000:23) When their children complains about poor and tired, Mrs. March tells an old man to send his four sons to battlefield to them and makes a comparison to let them understand how rich they are and how happy they are for the sake of God. Later they make an experiment. That is, the children could try their experiment for a week and see how they like it. Next morning, Meg does not appear till ten o’ clock; her solitary breakfast does not taste nice; and the room seems lonely and untidy, for Jo has not filled the vases, Beth has not dusted, and Amy’s books lay scattered about. It seems that they get something. In the end of the experiment, mother says: “Work is wholesome, and there is plenty for everyone; it keeps us from ennui and mischief, is good for health and spirits, and gives us a sense of power and independence better money or fashion.” (Little Women, 2000: 34) What Mother said lectures greatly inspire them? They say they will work like bees, and love it too.
2.1.3. Valuation Affirming
There are so many preaches in the novel. In the circumstance, the children are growing up, overcoming difficulties and correcting shortcomings. What’s more important, the couple always set a good example with their own conducts. This is an important reason which let the children get success. For example, when Jo is anxious about how to get rid of her bad temper, and when Meg is not getting well on with John. Mrs March makes Jo understand that it would take a long time to correct bad temper with her own experience, Meg understands that she should not have neglected her husband, and let him join in her life. In a word, whether teaching by words of mouth or examples, the four sisters get a lot of valuable information which taking a positive effect.
2.2. The Effects of the Education Art for Children.
2.2.1. For Meg
Meg is a gentle and soft girl, and likes to perform, and writes dramas, but sometimes, she is vain, and easy to be allured by wealth and fame. After experiencing ups and downs of Vanity Fair, mother says she wants her daughters to be beautiful, accomplished, and good; to be admired, loved, and respected; to be loved and chosen by a good man is the best and the sweetest thing which can happen to a woman, and she sincerely hopes her girls may know this beautiful experience. If her daughters marry rich men merely because they are rich, or have splendid houses, which are not homes because love is wanting, money is a needful and precious thing------- and when well used, a noble thing------ but she never wants Meg to think it is the first or only prize to strive for. She would rather see her daughters as poor men’ wife, if they were happy, beloved, contented, than queens on thrones, without self-respect and peace.
But later Meg is not vain any more. Because of this, her father thinks highly of her. She married John. Even after they get married, Meg also listens to her mother’s criticisms with an open mind. When she does not get on well with John because of housework and children, her mother told her: “John is a good man, but he has his faults, and you must learn to see and bear with them, remembering your own. Peace and happiness depend on keeping his respect. Watch yourself, be the first to ask pardon if you both err, and guard against the little piques, misunderstanding, and hasty words that often pave the way for bitter sorrow and regret.” (Little Women, 2000: 45)
She also tells Meg that she has only made the mistake that most young wives make-----forgets her duty to her husband in her love for her children. For children should draw her nearer than ever, not separate her, as if they were all her, and John has nothing to do but supporting them. Besides, she owes something to John as well as the babies; doesn’t neglect husband for children, doesn't sh