钢结构ISO标准术语.doc

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AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials)

A regulatory organization which governs the design and specifications of highway bridges.
ADL

Abbrevation for 'After Dead Load is Applied'.
AFF

Abbrevation for 'Above Finish Floor'.
Amplitude

A measure of floor vibration. It is the magnitude or total distance traveled by each oscillation of the vibration.
Axial Strut Load

A structural member designed to transfer a axial tension or compression load only.
Ballast Roof

A roof which has selected material, such as crushed stone, placed on its surface to hold down the roof from wind forces.
Base Ply

Is one layer of felt fastened to the deck over which a built-up roof is applied.
Basement

Any floor below the first story in a building.
Batten

A small piece of angle or plate welded to the heels of a two angle web member or any two parallel components to tie them together and usually located at the middle of the member.
Bay

The distance between the main frames of a building.
Bearing Wall

A wall which is supporting any vertical loads i2n addition to its own weight.
Bevel Cut

A single cut made at an angle to the member length. See Miter Cut.
BG-Type Joist Girder

A type of Joist Girder where joists are located at all panel points where vertical webs and diagonal webs intersect the top chord.
Bifurcation

The phenomenon whereby a perfectly straight member may either assume a deflected position, deflect then twist out of plane, or may remain in an undeflected configuration.
BOCA (Building Officials and Code Administrators International, Inc.)

A minimum model regulatory code for the protection of public health, safety, welfare and property by regulating and controlling the design, construction, quality of materials, use, occupancy, location and maintenance of all buildings and structures within a jurisdiction. Its serves primarily the North Central and Northeast United States.
Bottom Bearing

A bearing condition where the joist or joist girder bears on its bottom chord and not at an underslung condition.
Bottom Chord Extension (BCX)

The two angle extended part of a joist bottom chord from the first bottom chord panel point towards the end of the joist.
Bow String Joist

A non-standard type of joist where the top chord is curved and the bottom chord is straight or level.
Bracket

A structural support attached to a column or wall on which to fasten another structural member.
Bridge Crane

A lifting system which has a hoist that moves laterally on a beam or other member which then in turn moves longitudinally on a runway made of beams and rails.
Bridging Anchor

An angle or bent plate attached to a wall where the bridging will be attached or anchored, either by welding or bolting. The ends of all bridging lines terminating at walls or beams shall be anchored thereto.
Bridging Clip

A small piece of angle or plate with a hole or slot that is welded to the top and bottom chord angles so that bridging may be attached.
Bridging Diagram

A diagram of the pro a joist used to show the number and location of the rows of bridging.
Built-Up Roof

A type of roof composed of two or more layers of alternating felt, tar and asphalt.
Built-Up Section

A structural member made up from individual flat plates welded together or any structural metal elements that are welded or bolted together.
Camber

Camber is an upward curvature of the chords of a joist or joist girder induced during shop fabrication to compensate for deflection due to loading conditions. Note, this is in addition to the pitch of the top chord.
Canopy

A projecting member that is supported at one end only.
Canted Seat

A seat which is sloped perpendicular to the member which most joist manufactures do not do. Usually the steel contractor furnishes a bent plate shim to provide level bearing for the seat.
Catwalk

Suspended structural framing used to provide access to and between areas below a roof and above a floor.
Ceiling Extension

Is similar to a bottom chord extension except that only one angle of the joist bottom chord is extended from the first bottom chord panel point towards the end of the joist.
Centerline Span (or Center-to-Center)

A theoretical span definition which is the distance between the actual centerlines of a beam, column, joist, or joist girder.

Centroid

The point in a member at the intersection of two perpendicular axes so located that the moments of the areas on opposite sides of an axis about that axis is zero.
Channel

A hot rolled structural shape the looks like "[". There are American Standard Channels designated by (C) and Miscellaneous Channels designated by (MC).
Cladding

The exterior covering of the structural members of a building.
Clevis

A U-shaped yoke with internal threads in one end which can be attached to a threaded rod and the other end a connection with a hole used for a pin or bolt attchment.
Closure Strip

A floor deck accessory made of gage metal which is placed over the ends of deck so that concrete cannot run out of the flutes of the deck.
Coefficient of (Linear) Expansion

The change in length, per unit, for a change of one degree of temperature.
Collateral Load

All additional dead loads other than the weight of the building, such as sprinklers, pipes, ceilings, and mechanical or electrical components.
Compact Section

A steel section whose flanges must be continuously connected to the webs and the width-thickness ratios of its compression element can not exceed the limiting width-thichness ratios designated in the AISC Manual.
Conventional Framing

Framing using conventional joist, beams, columns, masonry walls, etc. instead of framing used in Metal Building construction.
Coping

The process of removing certain sections of a structural steel member to allow easier fitup to the supporting structural member.
Coverage

The width of a deck sheet, i.e., 30 inches or 36 inches.
Creep

A time-dependent deformation of a structural member under a sustained constant load.
Cricket

A ridge or drainage diverting roof framing.
Crimped Angle Web

A regular angel whose ends have been 'crimped' in the shape of a 'U' whose out-to-out distance is usually one inch. The actual crimped portion of the angle is only a few inches on each end and the end is inserted between top or bottom chord members to be welded.
Curb

A raised edge of a concrete floor slab or support for a mechanical unit.
Curvature

The rotation per unit length of a member due to bending forces.
Cut-List

A list of components with dimensions used for fabrication and accounting purposes. See Bill of Materials.
Damping

For floor vibrations, it is the rate of decay of amplitude.
Deck Type

The specific type of deck to be specified, such as Type "B" Wide Rib, Type "F" Intermediate, Type "N" Deep Rib, Type "A" Narrow Rib, Composite, Cellular, etc.
Depth of Joist

The out-to-out distance from the top of the top chord to the bottom of the bottom chord taken a some reference location, usually at the midspan of the joist or joist girder.
Diagonal Bridging

Two angles or other structural shapes connected from the top chord of one joist to the bottom chord of the next joist to form an 'X' shape whose l/r ratio cannot exceed 200. The bridging members are almost always connected at their point of intersection.
Diaphragm Action

The resistance to a racking affect or in-plane shear forces offered by roof deck, panels, or other structural members when properly attached to a structural frame.
Downstanding Leg

The leg of a structural angle which is projecting down from you when viewing.
Drift

The lateral movement or deflection of a structure.
Drift Index

The ratio of the lateral deflection to the height of the building.
Drift Pin

A tapered pin used during the erection process to align holes in steel members which are to be connected by bolting.
Duct

Any tube, pipe or other conduit by which air or fluid is transfered.
Duct Opening

The round or square opening required through the web system of a joist or joist girder to allow passage of a duct.
Edge Angle

1) A structural angle that is connected around the edge of a joist extension or other member 2) An angle used around the sides of a floor to contain the concrete when it is being poured which is also called a Pour Stop.
Edge Strip

The width or region around the edges of a building where uplift values are higher than in the interior of the roof.
Effective Depth

The distance from the centroid of the top chord to the centroid of the bottom chord.
Effective Length

The equivalent length, KL, used in compression formulas. This method estimates the interaction effects of the total frame on a compression member by using K factors to equate the strength of a framed compression member of length L to an equivalent pin-ended member of length KL subject to axial load only.
Effective Length Factor (K)

The ratio between the effective length and the unbraced length of a member measured between center of gravities of the bracing members. K values are given for several idealized conditions in which joint rotation and translation are realized.
Effective Moment of Inertia

The moment of inertia of the cross section of a member that remains elastic when partial plastification takes place. See Moment of Inertia.
Effective Width

The transverse distance indicating the amount of slab that acts in conjuction with the supporting member.
Embedment

A steel member such as a plate, bolt, stud, or bar cast into a concrete structure which is used to transmit applied loads to the concrete.
End Bay

The bay which is located from the end of a building to the first interior main frame.
End Diagonal or Web

The first web member on either end of a joist or joist girder which begins at the top chord at the seat and ends at the first bottom chord panel point.
End Distance

The horizontal distance from the first top chord panel point at the end of a joist to the first bottom chord panel point.
End Lap

The lap at the end of a sheet of deck which bears over the primary support (joist or beam).
End Moment

A moment which is generated at one end or both ends of a joist, joist girder, or beam due to continuous frame action which can be caused by wind, live load, or dead load moment.
End Panel

The distance from the panel point at thejoist seat to the first top chord panel point towards the interior.
End Wall

An exterior wall which is perpendicular to the ridge of the building.
Envelope

A graphical plot indicating the maximum magnitude of an internal force effect such as flexual stess, shear stress, axial stress, torsional stress, etc. due to a series of load combinations.
EOD

Abbreviation for 'Edge of Deck'.
EOJ

Abbreviation for 'Edge of Joist'.
EOS

Abbreviation for 'Edge of Slab'.
Equations of Equilibrium

The equations relating a state of static equilibrium of a member or structure when the resultant of all forces and moments are equal to zero. Three equations must be fulfilled simultaneously: Sum of the forces in the X-direction must equal zero, sum of the forces in the Y-direction must equal zero, and the sum of the moments about any point must equal zero for a two dimensional structure.
Equivalent Uniform Load

A uniform load (in plf) derived from the maximum reaction (in lbs) or the maximum moment (in inch-lbs) of a member carrying various loads.
Formula: Weq= 2 * max. reaction (in lbs) divided by length (in feet) or
Weq=(8 * max. moment) divided by (lenght^2 (in feet) * 12)
Erection

The process of installing joists, joist girders, beams, bridging, deck, or other structural members in order to construct a structure.
Erector

The person or company that actually does the erecting of the joist or joist girders for a job.
Extended End

The extended part of a joist top chord with also the seat angles extended from the end of the jost extension back into the joist maintaining the standard 2 1/2 inch end bearing depth over the entire length of the extension.
Factored Load

The product of the nominal load and a load factor.
Farside

For joists and joist girders, when looking at the member with the tagged end to the right, it is the side that is opposite the side you see first.
Fascia

The flat surface located at the outer end of a roof overhang or cantilever end or also a decorative trim or panel which projects from the face of a wall.
Filler

A rod, plate, or angle welded between a two angle web member or between a top or bottom chord panel to tie them together usually located at the middle of the member. See Tie or Plug.
Finish

In deck terminology, the coating on the deck sheet, i.e., galvanized, painted, or unpainted.
Finish Strip

A roof deck accessory made out of gage metal for finishing out runs of deck for small areas of coverage where full sheet coverage is impractical.
Fixed-End Support

A condition where no rotation or horizontal or vertical movement can occur at that end. This type of support has no degrees of freedom. Three reactive forces exist at the rigidly fixed end. See also Rigid Connection.
Flange

The projecting edge of a structural member.
Flange Brace

A structural bracing member used to provide lateral support to the flange of a beam, the bottom chord or a joist girder, or a column.
Flashing

Pieces of sheet metal or the like used to cover and protect joints, etc. where a roof comes in contact with a wall or chimney.
Flute

The fold or bend in a sheet of deck which forms a groove or furrow.
FMS (Factory Mutual System)

A leader in property loss prevention engineering and adjustment. It helps companies prevent and control property loss through research, engineering, and education.
Folding Partition

A moveable wall on a track suspended from a joist or beam which usually folds like an accordion and can be stored in a closet or pocket in a wall.
Framed Opening

Headers or other structural members which surround an opening in a roof which can be for mechanical units, straiwells, etc.
Framing Plan

Floor or roof plans that identify individual marks, components, and accessories furnished by the joist manufactures in a detailed mannner to permit proper erection of the joist and joist girders. See Erection Plan and Placing Plan.
Free-Body Diagram

A diagram on which all of the external forces acting on a body are shown at their respective points of application.
Gable

The triangular portion of a roof located above the elevation of the eave line of a double sloped roof.
Gable Joist

A non-standard type