英语谚语及其翻译技巧.doc

英语谚语及其翻译技巧
公元前55年，古罗马统帅恺撒征服不列颠岛，而英国历史上真正的“罗马人的征服”（Roman Conquest）是在公元43年开始的。从此罗马人占领不列颠400年之久。罗马人的文化对不列颠的影响仍留在岛上，在今天的英语谚语中仍然可以找到历史的痕迹。
55 BC, the Roman commander in chief Kai Caesar conquered the British Isles, British history, real Romans conquered the Roman, of Conquest in 43 AD. Since then, the Roman occupation of Britain 400 years. Romans cultural impact on Britain to remain on the island, you can still find traces of history in today's English proverbs
例如：
　　Do in Rome as the Romans do. 在罗马就要过罗马人的生活。（喻：入乡随俗。）
　　Rome was not built in a day. 罗马不是一天建成的。（喻：伟业非一日之功。）
　　All roads lead to Rome. 条条道路通罗马. (喻:殊途同归。)
　　谚语的产生与人们生活和劳动的地理环境习习相关。英国是一个岛国，位于欧洲西部大西洋中的不列颠诸岛上，南面有英吉利海峡（the English Channel），多拂尔海峡（the straits of Dover），东面隔北海（the North Sea）。这里的海上运输业和渔业特别发达，因此留下了不少与航海业和渔业有关的谚语。
Proverb generation and people's lives and labor of the geographical environment breeze. Britain is an island, located in western Europe in the Atlantic Ocean on the British Isles, the south the English Channel (the English Channel), and more brush Seoul Strait (the straits of Dover), the east separated from the North Sea (the North Sea). Of maritime transport and fisheries developed, thus leaving a lot of proverbs related to the maritime industry and fisheries

例如：
　　All is fish that comes to his net. 进到网里的都是鱼。
　　这条谚语的比喻意义是“任何有用的东西或有好处的东西都来者不拒”，含有贬义。
　　Never offer to teach fish to swim. 不要教鱼儿游泳。
　　这条谚语的比喻意义是“不要在行人面前卖弄自己”。相当于汉语谚语“不要班们弄斧”。
　　He who would catch fish must not mind getting wet. 要想抓鱼就不能怕弄湿衣。
　　这条谚语的比喻意义与汉语谚语“要吃龙肉，就得亲自下海”的比喻意义相似。
　　The great fish eat up the small. 大鱼吃小鱼。
　　这条谚语形象的描绘出自然界和人类社会的激烈斗争，相互倾轧的状况。
　　He that would sail without danger must never come on the main sea. 谁在航行时不冒险，他就永远不要来到大海上。
　　这条谚语比喻“不付出就没有收获”，相当于汉语谚语“不入虎穴，焉得虎子”。
　　大不列颠岛是典型的温带海洋性气候，雨量充沛，风大雾多，降雨量特别大。因此产生了一条谚语：It never rains but it pours.（不雨则己，一雨倾盆）。
　　这条谚语的比喻意义是“倒霉的事情总是一起发生的”，相当于汉语成语“祸不单行”的意思。
　　风俗习惯是一个地区的人的生活方式，包括的东西很多，涉及生活的各个地域。它既受到一个民族的政治、经济、宗教、文学等方面的影响，又必然反映出该民族的风俗习惯，谚语更是与风俗习惯紧密相关，英语谚语的翻译离不开对英美风俗习惯的了解。The customs of the lifestyle of a region, including a lot of things involving the life of the various geographical. It necessarily reflect the customs of the nation by a nation's political, economic, religious, literary and other aspects of Proverbs more closely related with the customs of English proverbs and their translation is inseparable from the understanding of the Anglo-American customs .

　　任何一个民族都有自己喜欢的动物，因此宠物文化有鲜明的地域性。中国人一般都鄙视狗，常用狗来比喻坏人坏事。但英美国家大都对狗有好感，认为狗是忠实可靠的朋友，其中一部分受到外来文化的影响而含有贬义外，大部分没有贬义。在英美文化中，“狗”经常用来比喻人的生活，派生出许多谚语。

Any other people have their favorite animals, pet culture distinct regional. Chinese people generally despise dogs, used dogs to describe the bad guys a bad thing. But the Anglo-American countries, mostly the dog a good impression, that a dog is a loyal and reliable friends, some of which by the influence of foreign cultures which contain derogatory, no negative connotation. Anglo-American culture, "dog" is often used to describe the person's life, derived from the many proverbs.

　　Every dog has his own day. (每只狗都有他的好时光。)
　　这条谚语比喻“人人都有得意的一天。”
　　An old dog barks not in rain. (老狗不乱吠。)
　　这条谚语比喻“老年人做事有经验。”
　　Dog does not eat dog. (狗不吃狗。)
　　这条谚语比喻“一个人不应该攻击或伤害同伙，或赚他的钱。”与这条英语习语相近的汉语有：“同室不操戈，同类不相残。”
　　Love me, love my dog. (喜欢我，也要喜欢我的狗。)
He that lies down with dogs must rise up with fleas. (与狗同眠的人身上必然有跳蚤。)
这条谚语的比喻意义近似与汉语谚语“近朱者赤，近墨者黑。”
　　猫也是英美文化的宠物，多用来比喻女人，猫和狗一样，常被比喻成人，自然也引出不少谚语。
　　All cats are grey in the dark.（所有的猫在黑暗中都是灰色的。）
　　这条谚语比喻“人在未成名时，很难看出有什么区别”。
　　A cat has nine lives. (猫有九命。)
　　在英美文化习俗中，传说猫天资聪明，动作灵敏，在很多其他动物会被伤害的情况下，猫都能逃脱劫难。这条谚语比喻“生命力极强”。
　　A cat in gloves catches no mice. (戴手套的猫捉不到老鼠。)
　　这条谚语比喻“四肢不勤的人，什么事也做不出来”。
　　宗教是一种文化现象，谚语与文化的关系极为密切。更能折射出宗教对谚语的影响。英美国家，基督教起着特别重要的作用，所以很多谚语源自《圣经》，或与基督教有关。了解英美人的信仰对翻译相关谚语起重要作用。

Religion is a cultural phenomenon, the relationship between proverbs and culture are very close. More a reflection of the religious proverbs. Anglo-American countries, Christianity plays a particularly important role, so a lot of proverbs from the Bible, or related to Christianity. Anglo-American faith plays an important role of translation-related proverbs
　　The heart knows his own bitterness. 《圣经•箴言》
　　一颗心知道它自己的痛苦。
　　Every man must carry his own cross. (每个人必须背他自己的十字架。)
　　这条谚语来自《圣经》，cross（十字架）是耶稣走向死亡之地所带的十字架，钉上十字架而死。cross一词就有了“苦难”的转义。这条谚语的意思是，人人都要忍受生活中的苦难，承担自己的生活负担。
　　Forbidden fruit （禁果）一语也出自《圣经》，并为众人所周知。在《创世纪》中，亚当在伊甸园所吃的苹果是禁果，这个典故使“Forbidden fruit”一语获得“因被禁止反而想弄到手的东西”的转义。从而产生：
　　Forbidden fruit is sweet.
　　禁果是甜的。这句谚语表示“不让得到的东西格外有诱惑力”。
　　在英语谚语翻译的过程中，除了以上四个主要的因素需要认真考虑外，我们还要考虑到寓言神话、文学艺术和体育美术等因素还会影响到我们对英语谚语的翻译和理解。

In addition to these four major factors that need to be carefully considered in the process of English proverbs, we have to take into account the allegorical myth, literature and art and sports art and other factors will also affect to our translation of English proverbs and understanding

英语翻译之英语谚语的译法
《辞海》说：谚语是“熟语的一种，流传于民间的简练通俗而富有意义的语句，大多反映人民生活和斗争的经验。”《现代汉语词典》说：谚语是“在群众中间流传的固定语句，用简单通俗的话反映出深刻的道理。”泽尔巴赫说：“谚语是凝结的群众智慧。”英国政治家约翰·罗素说：“谚语是一个人的才智，也是许多人的才智。”

Said: "Ci Hai" proverb "Sayings of a spread in the community's concise popular and meaningful statement, most of them reflect the experience of people's lives and struggles." Modern Chinese Dictionary "says: Proverbs are spread among the massesfixed statement to reflect the profound truth, with a simple and popular. "Zell Bach said:" the proverb is a condensation of the wisdom of the masses. "British statesman John Russell said:" Proverbs are the daughters of a person's intelligence, the talents of many people."

英语(论坛)的maxim意为格言、箴言；谚语；原理、主义；行为准则等。proverb意为：谚语、古话；俗语、箴言等。quotation意为语录、名言、谚语。学好谚语，对于英语的提高非常有帮助，一些谚语如果能够做到信手拈来，会让你的文采增色不少。比较谚语的中文和英文，也会让你体会到不同文化之间很多道理都是相同的。有的智慧是如此的相似，简直如出一辙。不得不感慨人类之伟大。希望大家真正学好谚语，并提高自己的英语水平。

English (Forum) maxim means: maxims, proverbs; proverb; principle, doctrine; Code of Conduct. The proverb means: proverbs, an old saying; saying, Proverbs. quotation word for quotations, sayings, and proverbs. Learn proverbs, very helpful for the improvement of English proverbs do come in handy, make your literary talent considerably. Compare proverbs in Chinese and English, but also make you feel a lot of sense between the different cultures are the same. Some wisdom is so similar, almost identical. But feeling the greatness of mankind. I hope we truly learn proverbs, and to improve their English language proficiency.

1、  Rome was not built in a day
       罗马不是一天建成的。
2、  Dripping water wears away stone.
       水滴石穿
3、  Where there’s a will, there’s a way.
       有志者事竟成。
4、  A good beginning is half done.
       好的开始是成功的一半。
5、  Actions speak louder than words.
       事实胜于雄辩。
6、  A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.
       吃一堑，长一智。
7、  A hedge between keeps friendship green.
       君子之交淡如水。
8、  A good book is the best of friend, the same today and forever.
       好书正如良友，会让你受益终生。
9、  A good conscience is a soft pillow.
       不做亏心事，不怕鬼敲门。
10、Let bygones be bygones.
        既往不咎。
11、 Fear always springs from ignorance.
        恐惧源于无知。
12、 He who risks nothing gains nothing.
        收获与风险并存。
13、 Necessity is the mother of invention.
        需求是发明的动力。
14、 There is no general rule without some exception.
        任何规则均有例外。

1.A bad beginning makes a bad ending.
不善始者不善终。
2.A bad thing never dies.
遗臭万年。
4.A bird in the hand is worth than two in the bush.
一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林。
5.A boaster and a liar are cousins-german.
吹牛与说谎本是同宗。
6.A bully is always a coward.色厉内荏。
7.A burden of one's choice is not felt.爱挑的担子不嫌重。
8.A candle lights others and consumes itself.蜡烛照亮别人，却毁灭了自己。
9.A cat has 9 lives.猫有九条命。
10.A cat may look at a king.人人平等。
11.A close mouth catches no flies.病从口入。
12.A constant guest is never welcome.常客令人厌。
13.Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。
14.Adversity leads to prosperity.穷则思变。
15.Adversity makes a man wise, not rich.逆境出人才。
16.A fair death honors the whole life.死得其所，流芳百世。
17.A faithful friend is hard to find.知音难觅
18.A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。
19.A fox may grow gray, but never good.江山易改，本性难移。
20.A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。
21.A friend is easier lost than found.得朋友难，失朋友易。
22.A friend is never known till a man has need.需要之时方知友。
23.A friend without faults will never be found.
没有十全十美的朋友。
24."After you" is good manners.
“您先请”是礼貌。
25.A good beginning is half done.
良好的开端是成功的一半。
26.A good beginning is half done.
善始者善终。
27.A good book is a good friend.
好书如挚友。
28.A good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever.
一本好书，相伴一生。
29.A good conscience is a soft pillow.不做亏心事，不怕鬼叫门。
30.A good fame is better than a good face.
美名胜过美貌。
31.A good husband makes a good wife.
夫善则妻贤。
32.A good medicine tastes bitter.
良药苦口。
33.A good wife health is a man's best wealth.
妻贤身体好是男人最大的财富。
34.A great talker is a great liar.
说大话者多谎言。
35.A hedge between keeps friendship green.
君子之交淡如水。