0205高考英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧.pptx

1.细节理解细节理解2.猜测词义猜测词义 3.推理判断推理判断4.主旨大意主旨大意5.观点态度观点态度6.篇章结构篇章结构题题型型及及解解题题技技巧巧1234主旨大意主旨大意细节理解细节理解推推理理判断判断猜测词义猜测词义阅读阅读技巧技巧本类试题主要考查学生对阅读材料中的本类试题主要考查学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节某一特定细节或文章的或文章的主要事实主要事实的理解能的理解能力。问题包括询问力。问题包括询问人人(who)、物、物(what)、时间时间(when)、地点、地点(where)、原因、原因(why)、结果结果(effect)、文中的数据、文中的数据(data)等。等。常见问题形式有：常见问题形式有：Which of the following is true/false except?Which of the following is mentioned except三正一误三正一误三误一正三误一正1.According to the passage,who/what/which/when/Where/why/how/how many/how much/how long/How soon/how often,etc.?2.According to the passage,which of the following is true/not true?3.According to the passage,Which of the following is not mentioned?4.All of the following are true EXCEPT _.5.In the passage the writer states that _.6.Choose the best order in which the people do_.1.定义；定义；2.比较；比较；3.年代与数字年代与数字.原因和结果原因和结果此类试题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或此类试题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到间接找到,但不可能与阅读材料一模一样。但不可能与阅读材料一模一样。Sample IHoover Dam lies _.A.between Arizona and Nevada B.in the Black Canyon C.between New York and San Francisco D.both A and BThis huge dam is in the Black Canyon.It ispossible to drive a car from one side of theriver to the other on a road，which is on the top of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936.Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States.Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona andNevada.2.定义；定义；3.比较；比较；.年代与数字年代与数字5.原因和结果原因和结果此类试题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或此类试题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到间接找到,但不可能与阅读材料一模一样。但不可能与阅读材料一模一样。Hoover Dam lies _.A.between Arizona and Nevada B.in the Black Canyon C.between New York and San Francisco D.both A and BSample ISample IIWhich of the following is NOT true?A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B.Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents.C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.Miss Luo Lin,Miss Asia of 1991，Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition,she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years.However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage,dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners,designed by the Asia TV Station.Sample IIWhich of the following is NOT true?A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B.Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents.C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.movedMiss Luo Lin,Miss Asia of 1991，Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition,she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years.However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage,dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners,designed by the Asia TV Station.takenAccording to scientists,the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is .Agreenhouse gas emissions(散发散发)in industrialized nationsBhigher surface water temperatures of the seaCcontinuous global warmingDrising sea levelsSample II reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusaually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years.Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.connecttoAccording to scientists,the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is .Agreenhouse gas emissions(散发散发)in industrialized nationsBhigher surface water temperatures of the seaCcontinuous global warmingDrising sea levelsSample IIQuestion Form(1)The word“”in Line means/can be best replaced by(2)As used in the passage,the phrase “”suggests(3)From the passage,we can infer that the word/phrase “”is/refers to(4)The word“”is closest in meaning to 根据解释确定词义根据解释确定词义技巧技巧 11.Social mobility is the movement from one class or level of living to another.2.The other questioned the veracity-the truthfulness of these reports.社会流动性社会流动性真实性真实性3.He is a resolute man,once he sets up a goal,he will not give it up easily.坚决的坚决的根据对比确定词义根据对比确定词义技巧技巧 2In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way.Now,however,everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.一片混乱一片混乱 根据逻辑确定词义根据逻辑确定词义技巧技巧 3If you are capable of working twelve hours a day without a rest,and if you can engage in physical exercise for hours without seeming to get tired,then you are indefatigable.不知疲倦的不知疲倦的根据上下文情景确定词义根据上下文情景确定词义技巧技巧 4The underlined phrase“mopping up”in the second paragraph means_.A cleaning up B taking in C wiping out D giving outRainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year:equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year.根据上下文情景确定词义根据上下文情景确定词义技技巧巧 4The underlined phrase“mopping up”in the second paragraph means_.A cleaning up B taking in C wiping out D giving out1.The offspring of a pair of birds leave the nest when they are big enough to fly Achildren Bancestors Cgenerations Dmates2.There is a stack of papers on Mr.Greens desk Apiece Bbalance Cmixture DpileTry to do the following exercises:根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义3.Before you buy something，check the quality firstFor example,if it is cheap,it might not be good Ahow good it is Bwhat the color is Cwhat the size is Dhow big it is4.Please give me your recipe for this cake，so I can make it too Aa dish Bdirections for cooking Ca meal Ddirections to your house1.不选择照抄原文的选项，要选择要有不选择照抄原文的选项，要选择要有 同义词解释的选项。同义词解释的选项。2.不选事实细节选项不选事实细节选项3.不选非事实选项不选非事实选项4.选概括性选概括性/哲理性的选项哲理性的选项技巧技巧常见问题形式常见问题形式:1.It can be inferred/concluded from the passage that _2.The passage suggests/implies that _3.By the first sentence of the second paragraph,the author means _4.We can conclude that_.5.When the writer talks about.,what he really means is that_.6.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?1.The writer talked about the waitress age because he thought_.A.she was young B.it a pleasure to make friends with her C.she was beautiful D.it strange for her to fall in love with him2.The waitress said hello to the writer every day because_.A.she lived near his house B.he often went to visit her mother C.she wanted to be friendly with him D.she loved him very much When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day,I was very happy.She was at least fifteen years younger than I.One day she signed me to come near.When I walked over,she asked,”Are you single?“Why,yes.I answered,smiling at her happily.“So is my mother.she said,“Would you like to meet her?1.The writer talked about the waitress age because he thought_.A.she was young B.it a pleasure to make friends with her C.she was beautiful D.it strange for her to fall in love with him2.The waitress said hello to the writer every day because_.A.she lived near his house B.he often went to visit her mother C.she wanted to be friendly with him D.she loved him very much 1.In annealing,the required hardness of metal depends on _.A.the quantity of water used B.the temperature of the metal C.the softness of the metal D.the timing of the operationSample 22.As suggested by the text,how can glass be made less brittle?A.It can be heated and then cooled quickly.B.It can be cooled and then heated slowly.C.It can be heated and then cooled slowly.D.It can be cooled and then heated quickly.Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.If metal is heated and then cooled very quickly,for example by dipping(浸浸)it in water,it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is,it will break easily.Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily.It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished,by annealingit.The metal is heated,and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time.The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly,the softer it becomes.Annealing can also be used on other material,such as glass.Annealing 退火处理，主要是指将材料曝露退火处理，主要是指将材料曝露于高温一段很长时间后，然后再慢慢冷却的于高温一段很长时间后，然后再慢慢冷却的热处理制程。热处理制程。主要目的是：主要目的是：(1)释放应力，释放应力，(2)增加材料延展增加材料延展性和韧性性和韧性，(3)产生特殊显微结构。产生特殊显微结构。1.In annealing,the required hardness of metal depends on _.A.the quantity of water used B.the temperature of the metal C.the softness of the metal D.the timing of the operationSample 22.As suggested by the text,how can glass be made less brittle?A.It can be heated and then cooled quickly.B.It can be cooled and then heated slowly.C.It can be heated and then cooled slowly.D.It can be cooled and then heated quickly.观点和态度观点和态度理解作者的观点和态度题：理解作者的观点和态度题：既考查学生对字面意思的理解，既考查学生对字面意思的理解，也考查学生对作者也考查学生对作者写作目的、写作目的、态度、观点态度、观点等的理解。等的理解。正确理解作者的写作意图，所持的观点正确理解作者的写作意图，所持的观点及阐述文章主题时语气或他对所论述的及阐述文章主题时语气或他对所论述的对象的态度。对象的态度。-假如你是作者，你为假如你是作者，你为什么要写本文？什么要写本文？此类考题的主要形式：此类考题的主要形式：1.The writers purpose in writing this story is _.2.The text discusses men and women 50,000 years from now in order to show that _.辨认三种作者使用的表达情感、态度及观点的词辨认三种作者使用的表达情感、态度及观点的词汇，以及承接上下文的连接词。汇，以及承接上下文的连接词。注意：注意：贬义：贬义：disgust,critical,negative,tolerant,disappointment褒义褒义:positive,wonder,support,useful,interesting,enthusiasm,admiring中立中立:indifferent,impassive,uninterested,ambivalent,neutral,apathetic,disinterested,The author appears _modern advertising.A.to like B.to be indifferent to C.to dislike D.to know how to deal withe.g.One of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is,of course,the voice of the advertisers.It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers;waves to us from every page of the newspaper;signals to us from the roadside bill-boards all day and flashes to us in colored lights all night.(根据文章作者用词来判断根据文章作者用词来判断)The author appears _modern advertising.A.to like B.to be indifferent to C.to dislike D.to know how to deal withe.g.The writer uses the example of“ocelots”to show that_.A.wild animals have become more dangerous B.the driving conditions have improved greatly C.the measure for protecting wildlife fails to work D.an increasing number of animals are killed in road accidents.Millions of animals die each year on U.S.roads,the Federal Highway Administration reports.In fact,only about 80 ocelots,an endangered wild cat,exist in the U.S.today.The main reason?Roadkill.The writer uses the example of“ocelots”to show that_.A.wild animals have become more dangerous B.the driving conditions have improved greatly C.the measure for protecting wildlife fails to work D.an increasing number of animals are killed in road accidents.篇章结构篇章结构说明文的基本结构说明文的基本结构 Descriptive writingDefinition(Introduction)(Introduction)Description(Explanation)(Explanation)ConclusionExamplesComparisonClassification2.议论文的基本结构议论文的基本结构 ArgumentationTopicArgumentsconclusionOpinionSupporting sentencesfactsexamplestheory论点论点论据论据结论结论3.记叙文的基本结构记叙文的基本结构 Narrative writingsStorypresentationEndingTime cluesInverted time cluessurprisinghumorous对文章基本结构理解的考查方式对文章基本结构理解的考查方式:1.问结构问结构）How is the text organized?A.TopicArgumentExplanationB.OpinionDiscussionDescriptionC.Main ideacomparison supporting examplesD.Introductionsupporting examples -conclusion2)The first paragraph is used as/to3)The first paragraph mentioned Peter Jennings death in order to _.2.问指代问指代1)The word“everything”in paragraph 2 means_2)What does the underlined word in paragraph 4 refer to?3.问文章出处问文章出处/前文后续前文后续1).The passage is most likely to be taken from_2.The passage is most likely a part of_3)The passage is most likely to be taken from the article entitled_4)What may be talked about before the first paragraph?/after the last paragraph?5)The paragraph following the passage will probably discuss_主旨大意主旨大意 考查考生考查考生技巧技巧如何做主旨大意题如何做主旨大意题 做此类题目时，首先要搞清的是问某一段还做此类题目时，首先要搞清的是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词主题词。抓住了它，便。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。容易抓住文章的中心。一、题型特点一、题型特点这类试题主要考查学生把握全文主题主题和理解中心思想中心思想的能力，也包括分析归纳文章的段段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、环境特点落大意、重要情节、人物特征、环境特点的能力。这种试题要求考生能把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心句主题和中心句；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，难度较大，属于高层次题。1.标题类常见的题型标题类常见的题型:1.The best title/headline for this passage might be_.2.The text(passage)could be entitled .3.What is the best title for the passage?4.Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?二：题二：题 干干 表表 现现 形形 式式1.This passage chiefly deals with_.2.Whats the topic of the article?3.What is the subject discussed in the text?4.With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?2：大意类常见题型：大意类常见题型The authors main purpose in writing the passage is_.The passage is meant to _ The purpose of this article is _3：目的主旨大意常见题型：目的主旨大意常见题型三：主题句呈现的形式三：主题句呈现的形式 A.文首文首提出主题提出主题,随之用细节来解释随之用细节来解释,支撑或发展主题句所表达的主支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想题思想.最常见的演绎法写作最常见的演绎法写作 方式。方式。1 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer.Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness),cancer,cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems.For example,it can give one a“smokers cough”.Finally,studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds.Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer,cancer,smoking is harmful.Is it worth it?Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.1.The panda is a popular animal.Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts.Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children,and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.Sample 2Sample 3Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious.The world population is rising,so quickly that the world has become too crowded.We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals.If we continue to do this,human life on earth will not survive.B.文尾文尾 在表述细节后在表述细节后,归纳要点归纳要点,印象印象,结结论建议或结果论建议或结果,以以概括主题概括主题.这是英这是英语中最常见的归语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。纳法写作方式。2 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent.On the other hand,nobody may look more innocent than a professi-onal criminal.And the man who knows“everything”may really only be trying to hide his own weakness.So,it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance So,it is foolish totry to judge a person only by his appearanceSome students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do.Others prefer to be left to work on their own.Still others like a democratic discussion type of class.No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.通常前面只提出问通常前面只提出问题，题，文中的主题由文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出文中导出,而后又作而后又作进一步的解释进一步的解释,支撑支撑或发展。或发展。3 If you were planning to buy a television set,the followi