英语句子成分及练习市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件.pptx

语法复习语法复习-句子成份及练习句子成份及练习第1页第1页一、句子成份一、句子成份v（一）句子成份定义：（一）句子成份定义：v构成句子各个部分叫做句子成份。构成句子各个部分叫做句子成份。v句子成份有主要成份和次要成份；句子成份有主要成份和次要成份；v主要成份有主语和谓语；主要成份有主语和谓语；v次要成份有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补次要成份有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和足语、同位语和插入语插入语。第2页第2页二）主语：二）主语：v主语主语(Subject)表示句子表示句子说说是什么人或什么事是什么人或什么事.是一个句子所叙述主体，普通位于句首。是一个句子所叙述主体，普通位于句首。但在但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化形容词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化形容词和主语从句等表示。比如：词和主语从句等表示。比如：第3页第3页1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化形容词）第4页第4页7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（主语从句）（it作形式主语，真正主语为后面不定式）第5页第5页（三）谓语（三）谓语 v谓语谓语(Predicate)阐明主语所做动作或含阐明主语所做动作或含有特性和状态。动词在句中作谓语，普通有特性和状态。动词在句中作谓语，普通放在主语之后。谓语构成下列：放在主语之后。谓语构成下列：v1、简朴谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构、简朴谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffattenoclock.第6页第6页（三）谓语（三）谓语 vv2、复合谓语：、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如：）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.（2）由助动词加动词原形）由助动词加动词原形,现在分词现在分词,过去分词构过去分词构成。如：成。如：DoyouspeakEnglish？Theyareworkinginafield.Hehascaughtabadcold.（3）由系动词加表语构成。如：）由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents.注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。第7页第7页（四）表语（四）表语 v表语表语(Predicative)v用以阐明主语性质、特性、状态与身份，它用以阐明主语性质、特性、状态与身份，它普通位于系动词（如普通位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。等）之后v表语普通由名词、代词、形容词、数词、表语普通由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。比如：语从句表示。比如：第8页第8页1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词）（名词）2.Isityours?（代词）（代词）3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）（形容词）4.Thespeechisexciting.（分词）（分词）5.Threetimessevenistwenty one?（数词）（数词）第9页第9页6.Hisjobisto teach English不定式）（不定式）7.Hishobbyisplaying football.（动名词）（动名词）8.Themeetingisof great importance.（介词短语）（介词短语）9.Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）（副词）10.Thetruthisthat he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（表语从句）第10页第10页注意：系动词（注意：系动词（Linkingverb)用于连接主语和用于连接主语和表语，阐明主语状态，性质特性和身份等。表语，阐明主语状态，性质特性和身份等。1）状态系动词状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，一词，比如：比如：Heisateacher.2）连续系动词连续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一个情况用来表示主语继续或保持一个情况或态度，主要有或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,比如：比如：Healwayskept silentatmeeting.3）表像系动词表像系动词用来表示用来表示“看起来像看起来像”这一概念，这一概念，主要有主要有seem,appear,look,比如：比如：Heseems(tobe)verysad.第11页第11页注意：系动词（注意：系动词（Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表用于连接主语和表语，阐明主语状态，性质特性和身份等。语，阐明主语状态，性质特性和身份等。4）感官系动词感官系动词主要有主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,比如：比如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5）改变系动词改变系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.比如：比如：Theriverwasbeginningtorundry.6）终止系动词终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turnout,表示表示结果是结果是;证实是证实是，之，之意，比如：意，比如：Therumorproved false.Hisplanturned outasuccess.第12页第12页（五）宾语（五）宾语v宾语（宾语（Object）表示动作对象或承爱者，普通）表示动作对象或承爱者，普通位于及物动词和介词后面。比如：位于及物动词和介词后面。比如：1.Heisdoinghishomework.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（名词）（代词、动名词）（名词、数词）第13页第13页4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（名词化形容词，名词）（不定式短语）（动名词短语）（宾语从句）第14页第14页v宾语种类宾语种类：v（1）双宾语（间接宾语）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），比如：直接宾语），比如：Lendme your dictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等，比如等，比如：HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等，比如：等，比如：Sheboughtagiftforhermother.v（2）复合宾语（宾语）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），比如：宾补），比如：vTheyelectedhim their monitor.第15页第15页v下列动词只能接不定式做宾语下列动词只能接不定式做宾语ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire等，如：等，如：Herefusedto lend me his bike.第16页第16页v下列动词只能接动名词做宾语下列动词只能接动名词做宾语admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等，如：等，如：Johnhasadmittedbreaking the window.第17页第17页v以下动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，但意义不同，如mean,try,remember,forget,regret等。vforget to do表示“未发生动作”，forget doing表示“已完成动作”。如：vDont forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)vI forgot returning the book to him.v(书已还给他了)v第18页第18页（六）宾语补足语（六）宾语补足语 v宾语补足语（宾语补足语（ObjectComplement），），用于补充阐明宾语动作，普通位于宾语用于补充阐明宾语动作，普通位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语动词有：宾语。需接复合宾语动词有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。等。“宾补宾补”普通可由名普通可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。比如：词短语和从句充当。比如：第19页第19页1.HisfathernamedhimXiaoming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Letthefreshairin.4.Youmustntforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom6.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.7.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（名词）（形容词）（副词）（不定式短语）（现在分词）（介词短语）（从句）第20页第20页（七）定语（七）定语 v修饰名词或代词词、短语或从句称为定语修饰名词或代词词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。v定语可由下列等成份表示：定语可由下列等成份表示：1.Guilinisa beautiful city.（形容词（形容词）2.Chinaisadeveloping country;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词（分词）3.Therearethirty womenteachersinourschool.（名词）（名词）4.His rapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词）（代词）第21页第21页5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirst to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）（不定式短语）6.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）（动名词）7.Heisreadinganarticleabout how to learn English.（介词短语）（介词短语8.Sheisthegirlwho sings best in my class.(定语从句定语从句)第22页第22页（八）状语（八）状语 v修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，阐明修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，阐明动作或状态特性句子成份，叫做状语动作或状态特性句子成份，叫做状语（Adverbial）。可由下列形式表示）。可由下列形式表示：1.Lighttravelsmostquickly.2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（副词及副词性词组）（介词短语）（不定式短语）第23页第23页4.Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.5.Waitaminute.6.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（分词短语）（名词）（状语从句）第24页第24页9种状语种类下列：1.Howaboutmeetingagainat six?2.Lastnightshedidntgotothedancepartybecause of the rain.3.Ishallgothereif it doesnt rain.4.MrSmithliveson the third floor.5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwith great care.（时间状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（地点状语）（方式状语）第25页第25页vShecameinwith a dictionary in her hand.6.In order to catch up with the others,Imustworkharder.7.Hewassotiredthat he fell asleep immediately.8.Sheworksveryhardthough she is old.9.Iamtallerthan he is.（伴随状语）（目状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）（比较状语）第26页第26页 （九）同位语（九）同位语（Appositive）对前面名词）对前面名词或代词做进一步解释，通常由名词、数词、或代词做进一步解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任，如：代词或从句担任，如：ThisisMr.Zhou,our headmaster.（十）插入语（十）插入语（Parenthesis）对一句话）对一句话做一些附加解释，通常有做一些附加解释，通常有tobehonest,Ithink(suppose,believe-)等，如：等，如：To be frank,Idontquiteagreewithyou.第27页第27页练习练习一一.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成份：指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成份：v1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.v2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.v3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.v4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!v5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.S.AttributeO.PredicateAdverbialAttributeAdverbialAdverbial第28页第28页v6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.v7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.v8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.v9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.v10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.v11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.v12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.v13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.AttributePredicativeO.PredicateS.PredicateS.PredicativePredicateO.AdverbialAO.RO.第29页第29页v14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?v15.Tobehonest，yourpronunciationisnotsogood.v16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?v17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.v18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.v19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.v20.Theapplestastedsweet.O.AttributeParenthesisO.AdverbialAdverbialAS.PredicativeO.C.O.C.Predicative第30页第30页划分划分句子成份句子成份1.weareworking.2.Icanswimverywell.3.Thewaiterbroughtabottleofbeertome.4.Whydoesthewindblow.5.Therainhasbeenpullingdownforawholeday.6.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.7.Jimaskedyoutogivehisbestwishestoeveryone.8.Youmustgetthecarreadybytomorrow.第31页第31页9.Ihavealotofclothestowash.Ihavealotofclothestobewashed.10.Hegavehissonsomeadviceonreading.11.Readmethefirstparagraph.12.Iveorderedsomesoupforyou.13.HebeganleaningEnglishtenyearsago.14.Mybeinglateworriedmyteacher.15.Thatpresidenthimselfwouldvisitourschoolexcitedallofus.16.AprilDayisthespecialdayoftheyearwhenyouplayajokeonsomeone.第32页第32页17.Heusuallytakesanapafterlunch,asishishabit.18.Ifoundthebookinthecorneroftheroom.19.hefinishedlunchandwentintothegarden.20.Thetelephonerang.21.Westudyhard.22.Hisfathermighthavedied.23.Willyouleavethedooropenwhengoingout.24.Canyoumakethedogstandstill?第33页第33页25.Thelandlordhadthemworkingdayandnight.26.Ithinkasoundknowledgeofgrammarisimportanttogoodwriting.27.Weallbreathe,eat,drink.28.Iwokeupat6:00inthemorning.29.Thebookweighsfivekilos.30.TheywillbeflyingtoLondon.31.Theshopassistantfoundsomecertainmaterialsforme.32.HepromisedmeanewEnglish-Chinesedictionary.第34页第34页33.Pleasepassanewly-publishedmagazinetome.34.HelivedinGuangZhou.35.Thefatherisshowingtheboyhowtoplanttrees.36.Hisunclelefthimsomemoney.37.SheisteachingthepianotoseveralofthevillagechildrenandshehastaughtusEnglishfor3years.38.Ilikepopularmusic.39.Sheknowswhattodonext.40.Itexcitedallofusthatthepresidentwouldvisitourschool.第35页第35页二、用符号划出下列短文各句中主语（）、谓语（）、宾语（）：vI hope you are very well.Im fine,but tired.Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm.August is the hottest month here.It is the time of year for the rice harvest,so every day I work from dawn until dark.Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors.We grow rice in the south of the States,but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat.We have a lot of machines on the farm.第36页第36页vAlthough the farm is large,my Dad has only two men working for him.But he employs more men for the harvest.My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.It doesnt often rain in the summer here.As a result,we have to water the vegetable garden.Every evening we pump water from a well.It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.第37页第37页三、用符号划出下列短文各句中定语（）、状语（）、补语（）：vMost Saturday evenings there is a party,even at harvest time.These parties often make us very happy.We cook meat on an open fire outside.Its great!Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion.Some of my friends drink beer.I dont,because I have to drive home after the party.In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States.There are five different time areas in the States.In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time.How many different time areas do you have in China?Well,I must stop and get some sleep.Please give my best regards to your parents.第38页第38页四、选择填空：v()1._willleaveforBeijing.vA.NowtherethemanvB.ThemanherenowvC.ThemanwhoisherenowvD.Themanisherenowv()2.Theweather_.vA.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldvC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcoldv()3.Theappletasted_.vA.sweetsB.sweetlyvC.nicelyD.sweet第39页第39页v()4.Hegotup_yesterdaymorning.vA.latelyB.latevC.latestD.latterv()5Theactor_attheageof70.vA.deadB.diedvC.dyedD.dyingv()6._wereallverytired,butnoneof_wouldstoptotakearest.vA.We,usB.Us,wevC.We,ourD.We,we第40页第40页v()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch_.vA.crowdB.crowdingvC.crowdedD.crowdedlyv()8.Ithink_necessarytolearnEnglishwell.vA.its B.itvC.thatD.thatis第41页第41页v()9.Thedog_mad.vA.looksB.islookedvC.isbeinglookedD.waslookedv()10.Iwillneverforgettheday_Ijoinedthearmy.vA.thatB.whenvC.inwhichD.where第42页第42页第43页第43页句子成份详解表句子成份详解表v句子成份意意义义充当充当词类词类例句例句主主语语v表示句子说是什么人或什么v事名，代，数，不定名，代，数，不定式，式，动动名名词词，短，短语语或或句子句子We study in HuangQiao Middle School.谓语谓语v阐明主语做什么，是什么或怎v么样动词动词或或动词词组动词词组She is dancing under the tree.宾语宾语v表示动作行为对象同主同主语语Both of us like English.表表语语v与联系动词连用，一起构成谓v语，阐明主语性质或特性同主同主语语Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定定语语用来修用来修饰饰名名词词或代或代词词形，代，数，名形，代，数，名,副，介副，介词词短短语语或句子或句子We have eight lessons every day.状状语语v修饰动词，形容词，副词，表v示动作发生时间，地点，原v因，目的，方式，结果等副副词词，介，介词词短短语语或句或句子子He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.宾语宾语补补足足语语逻辑逻辑上与上与宾语宾语是主是主谓谓关系关系形容形容词词，名，名词词，介，介词词短短语语等等She always keeps the house clean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！第44页第44页