新译林四年级英语语法.doc

育红教育暑假班内部资料知识点一：Be动词Be 动词的用法： (1) Be动词包括：am ,is , are 口诀：I用am, you用are, 复数全用are,is 用在其它。(2) 肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small. (3) 一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you arent. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they arent. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isnt.练习：用恰当的be动词填空1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jacks sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher.5. _ your brother in the classroom? 6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home. 7. How _ your father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 9. Whose dress _ this? 10. Whose socks _ they? 11. That _ my red skirt. 12. Who _ I? 13.The jeans _ on the desk. 14. Here _ a scarf for you. 15. Here _ some sweaters for you. 16. The black gloves _ for Su Yang. 17. This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _ for me. 19. Some tea _ in the glass. 20. Gao shans shirt _ over there. 21. My sisters name _Nancy.22. This _ not Wang Fangs pencil. 23. _ David and Helen from England? 24. There _ a girl in the room. 25. There _ some apples on the tree. 26. _ there any kites in the classroom? 27. _ there any apple juice in the bottle? 28. There _ some bread on the plate. 29. There _ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park. 30. You, he and I _ from China. 知识点二：介词一：介词at，in与on在时间方面的用法at表示时间的一点；in表示一个时期；on表示特殊日子。如： He goes to school at seven oclock in the morning. 他早晨七点上学。 Can you finish the work in two days. 你能在两天内完成这个工作吗？ Linda was born on the second of May. 琳达五月二日出生。 1). at后常接几点几分，天明，中午，日出，日落，开始等。如： at five oclock （五点），at down （黎明），at daybreak （天亮），at sunrise （日出），at noon （中午），at sunset （日落），at midnight （半夜），at the beginning of the month （月初）， at that time （那时），at that moment （那会儿），at this time of day （在一天的这个时候）。 2). in后常接年，月，日期，上午，下午，晚上，白天，季节，世纪等。如： in 2006（2006年），in May，2004 （2004年五月），in the morning （早晨/上午），in the afternoon （下午），in the evening （晚上），in the night （夜晚），in the daytime （白天），in the 21st century （21世纪），in three days （weeks/month）三天（周/个月），in a week （一周），in spring （春季）。 3). on后常接某日，星期几，某日或某周日的朝夕，节日,及有修饰语修饰的下午、晚上等。如： on Sunday （星期日），on a warm morning in April （四月的一个温暖的上午），on a December night （12月的一个夜晚），on that afternoon （那天下午），on the following night （下一个晚上），on Christmas afternoon （圣诞节下午），on October 1，1949 （1949年10月1日），on New Years Day （新年），on New Years Eve （除夕），on the morning of the 15th （15日的早上）等。 二：介词in，on和at在地点方面的用法1)in表示地点，意为“在内”，用于内部。如：There isnt a cloud in the sky. 天空中没有一片云。He put his hands in his pockets. 他把手放入口袋。Whats in the box? 盒子里有什么？2)on意为“在上面”，用于表面接触，指在一个平面上。如：Whats on the table? 桌子上有什么？There was a carpet on the floor. 地板上铺着一块地毯。3)表示“在某地”时，at后面接小地方，in后接大地方。如：at home在家 at the bus stop在汽车站 in China在中国 in the world在世界上三：介词with, by, in的用法及区别with, by, in表示工具、手段和材料时with多指用工具，用身体的某一部位或器官；by表示使用的方法、手段；in指使用某种语言、工具的具体类型等。如：You can see it with your own eyes. 你可以亲自去看看。Why dont we go there by car instead? 我们为什么不坐小汽车去呢？She can speak it in English. 她能用英语说。四：其他介词about 表示大约时间： Is about six oclock now. 现在大约6点钟了。表示地点；在周围： Everthing about me is so beautiful 我周围的一切都那么美好。关于，对于： We are talking about the news. 我们正在谈论新闻。after 在之后： After dinner I watch TV. 晚饭后我看电视。在后面： He came into the room after me. 他在我后面进了房间。behind 在之后： There is a bike behind the tree. 树后有一辆自行车比晚，迟于： The train is behind time. 火车晚点了by 在旁： He is sitting by the bed. 他正坐在床边。到时候： We have learned three English songs by now. 到现在为止，我们已经学会了三首英文歌曲。以方式： I go to school by bus. 我乘公共汽车去上学。用于某些固定搭配： one by one 一个接一个 by the way 顺便说一句for 为，给，替： Ill make a card for my teacher. 我要给老师做张卡片。由于： Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你帮我。表示给（某人）用的： There is letter for you. 这儿有你一封信。near 靠近，在附近： My bed is near the window. 我的床在窗户旁。 of 的（表示所属关系）： This is a photo of my family. 这是一张我家的照片。的（用于所有格）： He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。表示数量（与连词连用）： One of us is from Beijing. 我们中有一个来自北京想到，谈到： I often think of them. 我常常想到他们。用于某些固定搭配： of course 当然 because of 因为，由于to 到，往，向： He walks to the window. 他走向窗户。表示时间、数量， 到为止 Please count from ten to thirty. 请从10数到30.向，对，给： Happy New Year to you all. 大家新年好。under Whats under your desk? 你书桌底下是什么？练习：选择正确的介词填空in after on for at with to behind of by1. My family often buy clothes _ HuaXing store _ weekends.2. Can you help the children _ English? You may come _ our club.3. Im looking _ some presents. These shops may have many kinds _ things _ sale. Save your money till then! 4. How many cities are there _ Greece? -I dont know. 5. Look, the birds are _ the tree! 6. When is her birthday? I cant rememberIts _ January.7. Mr. Green always goes to work _ bus. He has to get up _ 6 oclock _ the morning. 8. Come on! Im hungry. What do we have _ dinner?9. Dont eat and read _ night. That is bad _ your health.10. Come and see _ yourself _ Wendys store!11. We live _ London. How about you? Where do you come _?12. _ Sunday morning, I usually sleep late _ home. 13. Jack is shorter than Sam, but Jack is sitting _ Sam.14. Here is a photo _ your family. 15. There arent many people _ the train _ five oclock _ the morning. 知识点三：人称代词和物主代词一、人称代词人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit人称代词主格：作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。I am a teacher. You are student. He is a student, too.We/You/They are students.人称代词宾格作宾语，表示动作行为的对象。Give it to me. Lets go (lets =let us)二、物主代词 数 人称类别单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名词（用于修饰名词）名词性物主代词(mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs则相当于形容词性物主代词+名词。如：Is this your book? No,，it isnt， its hers(her book) (Jims ， Toms， Marias )练习：（1）按要求写出下列代词的形式1、I（宾格）_2、he（形容词性物主代词）_3、 us（主格）_4、they（宾格）_5、she（宾格）_6、you（名词性物主代词）_7、it（宾格）_8、him（复数）_9、her（形容词性物主代词）_10、my（复数）_11、they（名词性物主代词）_12、we（单数）_（2）选出括号中正确的词，在正确的词上打勾。1. This is（my / I）mother. 2. Nice to meet （your / you）.3.（He / His）name is Mark. 4. Whats（she / her）name?5. Excuse（me / my / I）. 6. Are（your / you）Miss Li?7.（I/ My）am Ben. 8.（She / Her）is my sister.9. Fine , thank（your / you）.10. How old is （he / his）.（3）用所给代词的正确形式填空。1. These are _ ( he ) brothers.2. That is _( she ) sister.3. Lily is _ ( Lucy ) sister.4. Tom, this is _ ( me ) cousin, Mary.5. Now _(her parent) are in America.6. Those _ ( child ) are _ ( I ) fathers students.7. Do you know _ ( it ) name?8. Mike and Tom _ ( be ) friends.9. Thanks for helping _( I ).10. _(Ann安)mother is _(we) teacher.知识点五：特殊疑问词一、基本概念通常以特殊疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有：what 、who 、whose 、which、 when 、where how、 why等。1问“谁”用who； 2问“谁的”，用whose；3问“地点哪里”，用where； 4问“原因”，用why；5问“身体状况”，用how；6问“方式”，用how；7问“年龄”，用how old； 8问“多少”，可数用how many；不可数用how much; 9问价钱”用how much；10问“哪一个”，用which ；11问“什么”，用what；12问“颜色”，用what colour； 13问“星期”，用what day； 16问“什么时候”，用when;17.问几点用Whats the time?或 What time is it?对划线部分提问题型特殊疑问词的确定要根据划线内容确定,在小学阶段常出现的有以下几种：1.划线部分是“事或物”，特殊疑问词用whatEg: This is a bag. -What is this?We often play football on Sundays . -What do you often do on Sundays ?2、划线部分是“人”，特殊疑问词用whoEg:She is my sister. -Who is she ?3、划线部分是“地点”，特殊疑问词用whereEg:The apple is on the desk.-Where is the apple ?4、划线部分是“时间”，特殊疑问词用what time或whenEg:Its six thirty . -What time is it ?I usually get up at six forty . - When do you usually get up?5、划线部分是“年龄”，特殊疑问词用how oldEg:I am twelve . -How old are you?My mother is thirty- two . -How old is your mother ?6、划线部分是“职业”，特殊疑问词用whatEg:Tom is a worker. -What is Tom?/What do you do ? 7、划线部分是“颜色”，特殊疑问词用what colourEg:My hat is blue . -What colour is your hat？8划线部分是“数量”，特殊疑问词用how many或how muchEg:I can see five birds in the tree.-How many birds can you see ?There is some tea in the cup. -How much tea is there in the cup ?9、划线部分是“多少钱”，特殊疑问词用how muchEg:This book is ten yuan . -How much is this book ?10、划线部分是“形容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词”，特殊疑问词用whoseEg:That is my shirt . -Whose shirt is that ?练习：一、认一认，记一记，写出下列特殊疑问词的中文意思。why_ which_ when _ who_ what_ where_ how many_ how much_二：填入正确的特殊疑问词1、A: _ is the boy in blue? B: Hes Mike.2、A: _ wallet is it? B: Its mine.3、A: _ is the diary? B: Its under the chair.4、A: _ is the Christmas Day? B: Its on the 25th of December.5、A: _ are the earphones? B: They are 25 Yuan.6、A: _ is the hairdryer? B: Its blue.7、A: _ is it today? B: Its Sunday.8、A: _ was it yesterday? B: It was the 13th of October.9、A: _ this red one? B: Its beautiful.10、A: _ is it from here? B: Its about two kilometer away.11、A: Can I have some paper and some crayons? B:_ ? A: I want to make a kite.12、A:_ one is fatter, the blue one or the red one? B: The blue one.13、A:_ is your cousin? B: Hes 15 years old.14、A:_ do you have dinner? B: At 6 oclock.知识点六：祈使句祈使句王国卫队Hello, boys and girls! 英语祈使句王国 的职责是用来表示请求、命令、建议、禁止等。这个王国的特点是通常没有主语，多以动词原形开始。下面，看看王国中 六兄弟 的表演吧！大哥VI. 大哥V档案 V(代表行为动词原形)+宾语+其它成分表演 Close the window. 关上窗户。Help yourself to some fish. 随便吃点鱼吧。II. 二哥B档案 Be+表语(名词/形容词等)+其它成分表演Be a good student!做个好学生！ Be quiet!安静！III. 三哥L档案 Let+宾语(通常为第一或第三人称宾格)+动词原形+其它成分表演 Lets go home!咱们回家吧！ Let her in. 让她进来。IV. 四哥D档案 Dont+动词原形+其它成分表演 Dont be late. 不要迟到。 Dont read in the sun.别在阳光下看书。V. 五哥P档案 Please+动词短语(please也可放在句尾，其前加逗号)表演Please sit down.=Sit down, please.请坐。VI. 六弟N档案 No+名词或动名词(是日常生活中常见的警示语)表演 No photos!禁止拍照！ No smoking！禁止吸烟!练习：1、You can watch TV. 2、You can water the flowers. 3、You can clean the room, Mike. 4、You can turn on the light, John. 5、You can sweep the floor, Amy. 6、You cant set the table. 7、You cant make the bed. 8、You cant clean the bedroom, Mike. 9、You cant play computer games, Sarah . 10、You cant answer the phone, Zhang Peng.