限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别公开课一等奖优质课大赛微课获奖课件.pptx

The Differences between the Restrictive and Non-restrictive Attributive Clause定语从句和非限制性定语从句区别定语从句和非限制性定语从句区别第1页第1页区分一：形式上不同限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停止；而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停止。第2页第2页区分二：功效不同（最主要区分）限定性定语从句用于对先行词意义进行限制和识别，假如去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，假如省略，句意依然清楚、完整。Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.进行体育锻炼人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscominghomenextweek.他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义依然完整)第3页第3页DiscussthedifferenceHis brother,who is eighteen years old,is a PLA man.His brother who is eighteen years old is a PLA man.区别区别：A句：他哥哥是个解放军战士，现今句：他哥哥是个解放军战士，现今十八岁。十八岁。(阐明他只有一个哥哥阐明他只有一个哥哥)B句：他那个十八岁哥哥是位解放军。句：他那个十八岁哥哥是位解放军。(阐明他尚有别哥哥阐明他尚有别哥哥)第4页第4页All the books there,which have beautiful pictures in them,were written by him.那里所有书都是他写那里所有书都是他写,书里附有美丽插图。书里附有美丽插图。(阐明那里没有除他以外人写书阐明那里没有除他以外人写书)All the books there which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.那里所有附插图书都是他写。那里所有附插图书都是他写。(暗示没有附暗示没有附插图书不是他写插图书不是他写)第5页第5页区分三：翻译不同在翻译定语从句时，普通把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。如：Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolen.他就是汽车被窃那个人。IveinvitedJim,wholivesinthenextflat.我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。第6页第6页区分四：先行词不同限定性定语从句先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限定性定语从句先行词则能够是名词或代词，也能够是短语或句子；如：Iknownothingthathappenedlastnight.昨天晚上所发生事情，我一点也不知道。(修饰前面nothing)Hehasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.他进步了，这使我们大家都很高兴。(说明前面句子整个内容)第7页第7页另外，当先行词为专有名词或另外，当先行词为专有名词或其它含有独一无二性普通名词其它含有独一无二性普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。句，而不用限制性定语从句。第8页第8页区分五：关系词不同关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时能够省略(如引导词作宾语，theway做先行词)，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。第9页第9页限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上形式上 不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上意义上是先行词不可缺乏定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表示不完整。只是对先行词补充阐明，如删除，主句仍能表示完整意思。译法上译法上译成先行词定语：“”通常译成主句并列句。关系词使用上A作宾语时可省略B可用thatC可用who 代替whom A不可省略B不用thatC不可用who 代替whom 第10页第10页Practice A请区别出下列句子哪些是限制性定语从句，请区别出下列句子哪些是限制性定语从句，那些是非限制性定语从句那些是非限制性定语从句：1.TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.2.Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.3.Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.4.China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.第11页第11页Exercises A1、All_ is useful to us is good.A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whetherC解析：解析：定语从句中先定语从句中先行词为行词为all,none等词时，等词时，关系代词必须用关系代词必须用that,而而不是不是which.故选故选C。第12页第12页2、Is this factory _ we visited last week.A、whereB、thatC、whichD、the oneD解析：解析：解析：解析：this factorythis factory容易被学生错容易被学生错容易被学生错容易被学生错误地混为先行词，其实这是误地混为先行词，其实这是误地混为先行词，其实这是误地混为先行词，其实这是This This factoryfactory是句子主语而不是先行是句子主语而不是先行是句子主语而不是先行是句子主语而不是先行词。因此选择词。因此选择词。因此选择词。因此选择D.The one D.The one 中中中中oneone 指代是指代是指代是指代是factory,factory,作定语从句作定语从句作定语从句作定语从句先行词。先行词。先行词。先行词。第13页第13页3、She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whyC解析：解析：解析：解析：the daythe day是定语从句先行词，是定语从句先行词，是定语从句先行词，是定语从句先行词，she spent in Beijingshe spent in Beijing中动词中动词中动词中动词spentspent是个及物动词，后接宾语，是个及物动词，后接宾语，是个及物动词，后接宾语，是个及物动词，后接宾语，the the day day 作动词作动词作动词作动词spentspent宾语。因此选宾语。因此选宾语。因此选宾语。因此选C.C.第14页第14页4、This is the school _ my father worked 20 years ago.A、thatB、whenC、whichD、whereD解析：题中解析：题中解析：题中解析：题中the schoolthe school是定语从句是定语从句是定语从句是定语从句先行词。先行词。先行词。先行词。in+which=where,in+which=where,因此选因此选因此选因此选D.D.试比较：试比较：试比较：试比较：This school is _ my This school is _ my father worked 20 years ago.father worked 20 years ago.A.where B.the one wherewhere B.the one whereC.that D.the one whichC.that D.the one whichB第15页第15页5、This is the factory_we visited last year.A、thatB、in whichC、whatD、the oneA解析：解析：解析：解析：the factorythe factory是定语从是定语从是定语从是定语从句先行词句先行词句先行词句先行词,用作宾语；从用作宾语；从用作宾语；从用作宾语；从句句句句we visited last yearwe visited last year中中中中visitvisit是个及物动词，后接是个及物动词，后接是个及物动词，后接是个及物动词，后接宾语，因此选宾语，因此选宾语，因此选宾语，因此选A.A.第16页第16页6、The text is one of the most interesting stories_learnt in the past three days.A、that haveB、that have beenC、which hasD、which has beenB解析：解析：解析：解析：storiesstories是定语是定语是定语是定语从句先行词从句先行词从句先行词从句先行词,同时同时同时同时storiesstories被最高级所被最高级所被最高级所被最高级所修饰，因此选修饰，因此选修饰，因此选修饰，因此选B.B.第17页第17页1、The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.A、whoB、whoseC、of whomD、whichBExercises B第18页第18页2、Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、whichA第19页第19页3、The man _ you are talking is in the next room.A、to whomB、about whomC、about whoD、whomB第20页第20页4、I dont like the way _ he spoke to me.A、by thatB、whatC、by whichD、/D第21页第21页4、I，_ you good friend,will try my best to help you out.A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am D第22页第22页5、This is the only thing _ I can do now.A、whatB、whichC、thatD、allC第23页第23页6、Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.A、whoB、who wantC、what wantsD、wantB第24页第24页7、His walking stick,_ he cant walk,was lost yesterday.A、thatB、with whichC、whichD、without whichD第25页第25页8、They have decided to finish their work,_,I think is a wise choice.A、thatB、whatC、whichD、whetherC第26页第26页9、This is the reason _ he told me.A、thatB、whyC、on whichD、for thatA第27页第27页10、This is the last factory _ he used to work at,many workers of _ still have a good relationship with him.A、that;itB、which;whomC、that;whichD、which;thatC第28页第28页1.(限限)Here are the farmers who discovered the underground city last month.2.(非非)Hangzhou is a famous city,where many people come to buy tea./Hangzhou,where many people come to buy tea,is a famous city.3.(限限)I dont know the reason why she got angry.4.(限限)The old man to whom you are talking saw some Germans5.(限限)The woman remembered the day when she saw 第29页第29页6.(非非)St.Petersburg is a very beautiful city,which was once called Leninggrad.7.(限限)I remember the soldier who told me8.(非非)The soldier moved,where they wanted to hide them.9.(非非)Xian is one of the few cities with city walls,whose walls remain as good as before.10.(非非)Shannxi Province is a place with many cultural relics,which are well looked after.第30页第30页